[Chinyorwa ichi chikamu cheZNet Classics series. Katatu pasvondo tichazotumirazve chinyorwa chatinofunga kuti chakakosha chisingaperi. Iyi yakatanga kuburitswa muna Chivabvu, 2006.]
Howard Zinn, purofesa akabuda paBoston University, pamwe ndiye mukuru wenyika ino wezvenhoroondo. Akanga ari munhu anoshingaira mukodzero dzevanhu uye anti-Vietnam War kufamba kwema1960. Nhasi, anotaura munyika yose kune vateereri vakawanda uye vanofarira. Bhuku rake, Nhoroondo Yevanhu yeUS ichiri kutengeswa nenhamba huru. Basa rake razvino ndere Original Zinn .
BARSAMIAN: Vezvematongerwo enyika vanoshandisa nhoroondo semhando yezvinhu zvisinganzwisisike kana mudziyo. Tinowanzonzwa kuti US inodanwa nenhoroondo kuti iite zvimwe zvinhu munyika.
ZINN: Nhoroondo inogara iri chinhu chakanaka chekufonera kana uchizeza kudana kuna Mwari nekuti vese vanoita basa rimwe chete. Iwo ese ari maviri abstractions, ese ari maviri haana zvazvinoreva kudzamara waisa mari ine chirevo. Ndakaona kuti Mutungamiri Bush anodana kuna Mwari zvakanyanya. Ndofunga anozeza kufonera history nekuti ndofunga izwi rekuti history ndiro rinomukandira. Haana chokwadi kuti oita sei nazvo, asi anonyatsoziva Mwari.
Vatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika, ndinofungidzira, vanofungidzira kuti huwandu hwevanhu hwakavanzika neshoko renhoroondo sezvavari neshoko rekuti Mwari uye kuti vanogamuchira chero dudziro yenhoroondo yavakapihwa. Saka vatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika vanonzwa vakasununguka kutaura kuti nhoroondo iri kudivi ravo uye nzira yakavhurika kuti vashandise chero nzira yavanoda.
Donald Macedo, munhanganyaya Pamusoro peDzidzo yeDemocratic , rinotaura nezverwiyo rwaTom Paxton, โWadzidzei Muchikoro Nhasi?โ Anotora mashoko akati wandei.โ Ndakadzidza kuti Washington haana kumbonyepa/Ndakadzidza kuti masoja haawanzofa/Ndakadzidza kuti munhu wose akasununguka.โ Dzidzo yegutsaruzhinji inorevei kwauri?
Kwandiri, dzidzo yegutsaruzhinji inoreva zvinhu zvakawanda: zvinoreva zvaunodzidza mukirasi uye zvaunodzidza kunze kwekirasi. Zvinoreva kwete chete zviri mukati mezvaunodzidza, asiwo mhepo yaunodzidza mairi uye hukama pakati pemudzidzisi nemudzidzi. Zvese izvi zvinhu zvedzidzo zvinogona kuve zvegutsaruzhinji kana kuti zvisina demokrasi.
Vadzidzi sevagari vemunyika yedemocracy vane kodzero yekuona hupenyu hwavo uye kuita basa munharaunda. Dzidzo yedemocracy inofanira kupa vadzidzi rudzi rweruzivo runozoita kuti vave nesimba ravo pachavo munharaunda. Zvazvinoreva ndezvekupa vadzidzi rudzi rwedzidzo inoratidza kuvadzidzi kuti kare kwave kune nzira dzakawanda idzo vanhuwo zvavo vanogona kutora chikamu mukuita nhoroondo, mukusimudzira nzanga yavo. Dzidzo inopa mudzidzi mienzaniso munhoroondo apo vanhu vakaratidza simba ravo mukugadzirisa kwete hupenyu hwavo chete, asiwo mumashandiro anoita nzanga.
Muhukama pakati pemudzidzi nemudzidzisi pane hutongi hwejekerere. Mudzidzi ane kodzero yekupikisa mudzidzisi, kutaura pfungwa dzake. Dzidzo iyoyo kudyidzana pakati pezviitiko zvemudzidzisi, zvingave zvakakura kudarika mudzidzi mune dzimwe nzira, uye zviitiko zvemudzidzi, sezvo mudzidzi wese ane ruzivo rwakasiyana rwehupenyu. Saka kubvunza kwemahara mukirasi, mweya wekuenzana mukirasi, chikamu chedzidzo yegutsaruzhinji.
Zvaikosha zvikuru kujekesa kuvadzidzi vangu kuti ndakanga ndisingazivi zvose, kuti handina kuberekwa ndiine zivo yandiri kuvapa, kuti zivo inowanwa uye nenzira idzo mudzidzi anogona kuwanawo.
Iwe semudzidzisi unosimudzira sei pfungwa iyoyo yekubvunza uye kusahadzika uye unoita sei kudzivirira kuenda kune cynicism?
Kusava nechokwadi ndihwo humwe unhu hunokosha hwaungakurudzira. Kunobva pakuita kuti vadzidzi vazive kuti chave chichionekwa sechitsvene hachisi chitsvene, chave chichiremekedzwa hachifaniri kuremekedzwa. Kuti zviito zverudzi zvakave zverudo uye zvakanatswa, izvo zvinofanirwa kuongororwa uye kutariswa zvakanyanya.
Ndinoyeuka kuti shamwari yangu yakanga ichidzidzisa vana vayo muchikoro chepakati kuti vave vasina chokwadi nezvavakanga vadzidza pamusoro paColumbus segamba guru uye mudzikinuri, muwedzeredzi webudiriro. Mumwe wavadzidzi vake akati kwaari, โEya, kana ndakatsauswa kudaro pamusoro paColumbus, ndinoshamisika zvino kuti chii chimwe chandakanyengerwa pamusoro pacho?โ Saka ndiyo dzidzo mukukahadzika.
Pawakadzidzisa kuSpelman College, uye gare gare kuBoston University, waidzidzisa vana vachangobuda kusekondari. Vanouya nemitoro yakawanda, mazano akawanda akaiswa. Zvakakuomera sei kuti uvasvike?
Panyaya yekudzidzisa paSpelman College, vadzidzi vangu vaiva African American uye ini ndaiva mumwe wevadzidzisi vashoma vechichena. Kuvadzidzi vangu vakawanda ndini ndaiva mudzidzisi wechichena wokutanga wavakambosangana nawo.
Ndakaedza kuita kuti vaone kuti mipimo yangu nemirangariro zvakanga zvakasiyana neizvo zvenzanga yavakakurira vachena yavakakurira, kuti ndaidavira kuenzana kwavanhu, uye kuti ndairangarira zvakakomba zvirevo zvoutongi hwezvido zvevanhu, kwete chete. edza kuputsa chipingamupinyi chiri pakati pedu nezvandakataura mukirasi, asi nemabatiro andakaita kwavari, nokusaratidza kuti dzidzo yavo yakanga yakashata, izvo zvazvaiwanzova, nokusavaita kuti vanzwe kuti vari kuuya. kirasi iyi yakaremara.
Uyezve nekuvaratidza kuti kunze kwekirasi ndaibatanidzwa mukurwisana kwevanhu kune chokuita nehupenyu hwavo. Pavakasarudza kutora chikamu muhondo iyi uye kuenda kuAtlanta uye kuedza kuparadzanisa raibhurari yavose kana kuti pavakasarudza kutevedzera muenzaniso wevadzidzi vana muGreensboro, North Carolina ndokugaramo, ndaiva navo, ndakanga ndichivatsigira, Ndakanga ndichivabatsira, ndaifamba navo pamapikicha, ndaiita mademonstrations navo, ndaigara navo. Kupfuura zvese, ndakaedza kuumba mamiriro edemocracy muhukama hwedu.
Wanga uri muverengi wehupenyu hwese kubva panguva yawakawana uchiri mudiki Tarzani nematombo anokosha eOpari mumugwagwa nemapeji mashomanana okutanga akabvarurwa. Gare gare, vabereki vako vakakuwanira muunganidzwa wakakwana wezvinyorwa zvaCharles Dickens. Kuverenga kunobatsirei?
Handizivi kana chinoitika changu chichibvumirana nechinoitika chavamwe vanhuโndakataura navanhu, pwere zvikurukuru, avo vaizoti kwandiri, โIri bhuku rakachinja upenyu hwangu.โ Ndinoyeuka ndakagara muimba yekudyira muHawaii yakatarisana nemudzidzi wepaYunivhesiti yeHawaii uye aive nekopi ye The Color Purple naAlice Walker. Sezvo Alice Walker aimbova mudzidzi wangu paSpelman, handina kubva ndangoti, โUyu ndiye mudzidzi wangu.โ Ndakaita nokungwarira ndikati, โOo, uri kuverenga The Color Purple . Munofungei nazvo?โ Mudzidzi wacho akati, โBhuku iri rakachinja upenyu hwangu.โ Uye izvozvo zvakandishamisa, bhuku rakachinja upenyu hwako.
Uye zvakare, ndinofanira kutaura, mukuzvininipisa kwese, kuti ndakasangana nenhamba yevadzidzi vakaverenga Nhoroondo Yevanhu veUnited States .
Pane mabhuku akachinja hupenyu hwangu. Ndinofunga kuverenga Dickens kwakachinja hupenyu hwangu. Kuverenga Steinbeck's Mazambiringa eHasha akachinja hupenyu hwangu. Kuverenga Upton Sinclair, hongu, kwakachinja hupenyu hwangu.
Nhasi kune makakatanwa pamusoro pezvinyorwa uye mabhuku api ari kudzidziswa uye misoro ipi. Pane mhosva dzekuti makampasi anofambiswa nevanosiya, nemapurofesa eMarxist. Nyaya iyi yanyanya kunetsa here kana kuti yave kupera nekuyerera?
Kwagara kuine kurwisana munyika yedzidzo. Kwagara kune kunzverwa kweizvo pwere dzinodzidzaโkunzvera mabhuku avo efundo nevadzidzisiโnechikonzero chakapfava chokuti dzidzo yagara ine ngozi kukugadzwa, uye naizvozvo, ngozi inotorwa apo pwere dzinopinda mukirasi ine ngozi. kuti vanhu vanotarisira mamiriro ezvinhu vanoda kunyatsotarisa. Ndinoyeuka kuti muna 1950, panguva yeMcCarthy, Harold Velde, congressperson kubva kuIllinois, akazove sachigaro weHUAC, akapokana nezano rekuti mari yeraibhurari yemafoni iende kumaruwa nekuti, akati, โKudzidzisa vanhu vekuAmerica kuburikidza nenzira. yebasa reraibhurari inogona kuunza shanduko yemaitiro avo ezvematongerwo enyika nekukurumidza kupfuura chero imwe nzira. Hwaro hwecommunism nepesvedzero yesocialism ndiyo dzidzo yevanhu. " Kunyange ndisingafungi kuti ichokwadi, ndinofunga kuti ichokwadi kuti dzidzo ine mikana ine njodzi, yagara iinayo, uye nokudaro inochengetedzwa nekungwarira. Kuedza kuidzora kwagara kuripo.
Uku kuedza kwakasimba kudzora dzidzo yevechiduku kupfuura zvataiva nazvo kare here? Ndinofunga kuti zvingadaro, nokuda kwechikonzero chimwe. Masiteki eUS akakwira kupfuura zvazvaive kare. NeUS ichitsvaga kuwedzera simba rayo munzvimbo dzakawanda dzepasirese, pane huwandu hukuru huri panjodzi yekugadzwa mukurera chizvarwa chevechidiki vanobvuma zvinoitwa nehurumende yeUS uye kusazvishoropodza.
Nyanzvi yezveupfumi John Kenneth Galbraith akambotaura kuti kukangaidzika kweU. Pane nyaya iri papeji 16 mu New York Times vachitsanangura kuti sei mumusha waJohn Steinbeck weSalinas, California uko vari kutarisana nerekodhi kushomeka. Dhorobha riri kuvhara maraibhurari matatu everuzhinji, kusanganisira ayo akatumidzwa kuSteinbeck uye rimwe raCesar Chavez.
Zvinofadza kuti chinhu ichocho chakabuda papeji 16. Chaifanira kunge chakabuda papeji 1 nokuti chingave chakanyevera vanhu vakawanda nezvechinoitika chinotyisa nhasi. Zviri kuitika muSalinas, California, zvinofanira kunge zviri zvekumuka.
Asi uku kurwiswa kwemaraibhurari, pazvikoro, ndechimwe chikamu chemaitiro ekukanganisa magariro?
Rega ndipinze tsamba yangu pachangu nekuti ndakakurira mukamuri rakazara mapete muNew York uye takanga tisina mabhuku mumba medu. Ndaienda kuraibhurari muEast New York pakona yeStone and Sutter. Ndichiri kuyeuka raibhurari iyoyo. Ndiko kwaiva utiziro hwangu. Chakanga chiri chishamiso-chinovhura ziso uye chinondivhurira pfungwa.
Asi mubvunzo wako wakakura. Uye ndiko kuti, chii chiri kuitika kune veruzhinji commons? Ndizvo zvakanongedzera Galbraith paakanyora The Affluent Society . Chii chave chiri chimwe chemhedzisiro yakaipa yemhirizhonga yenyika ndeye nzara yeruzhinji, dzidzo, maraibhurari, hutano, dzimba. Ichi ndicho chikonzero vanhu vachiva masocialists. Vanhu vanova masocialist nenzira yandakazova mugari wesosha pandaiverenga Upton Sinclair uye pandakaverenga Karl Marx.
Kune kwakawanda kukanganisa uye kusamiririra kwakabatanidzwa kuMarx. Vanhu vanofanira kunge vachiverenga Marx nhasi here?
Hongu, asi ini handingavaudze kuti vangopinda muVhoriyamu II kana III ye Das Kapital , pamwe kwete kunyange Vhoriyamu I, iyo inotyisa. Asi ndinofunga Manifesto yeCommunist , kunyange zvazvo musoro wacho ungavhundutsa vanhu, uchiri kufanira kuverenga nokuti zvauri kuita zvinoratidza kuti nzanga yemacapitalist yatiinayo nhasi haisi yekusingaperi. Manifesto yeCommunist inopa maonero enhoroondo enyika yatinogara. Zvinokuratidza kuti nzanga dzakashanduka kubva kune imwe nzira kuenda kune imwe, imwe yemagariro hurongwa kuenda kune imwe, kubva kumagariro echinyakare kuenda kumasangano emafeudal kuenda kucapitalist societies. Sangano remacapitalist rakangovapo mumazana mashoma emakore apfuura uye rakazovapo semugumisiro wekutadza kwesangano rehudzvinyiriri kubata neshanduko yeruzivo rwemichina yaiitika zvisingadzivisiki โ kutengeserana, maindasitiri, maturusi matsva nemidziyo. Sosaiti yeCapitalist yakakwanisa kubata neiyi tekinoroji nyowani uye nekuisimudzira zvakanyanya.
Asi zvakataurwa naMarx-uye ndinofunga kuti iyi nzwisiso yakakosha-iyo nzanga yemacapitalist, nepo ichivandudza hupfumi nenzira inoshamisa, zvisinei haina kugovera mhedzisiro yekugadzirwa kukuru uku zvakaenzana. Saka Marx akanongedza kukanganisa kwakakosha mu capitalism, kukanganisa kunofanirwa kuoneka kuvanhu nhasi, kunyanya muUS Heino nyika inobereka kwazvo uye yepamusoro-soro tekinoroji uye zvakadaro vanhu vanopfuura mamirioni makumi mana neshanu vasina inishuwarenzi yehutano, mumwe chete vana vashanu vanokurira muurombo, uye mamiriyoni evanhu haana pokugara uye nzara.
Ndinofunga chimwe chinhu chingave chakakosha maonero aMarx ekuti kana ukatarisa pasi pemakakatanwa ezvematongerwo enyika kana kusawirirana kwetsika, unowana kupokana kwemapoka. Kuti mubvunzo wakakosha wekubvunza mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu ndewekuti, "Ndiani anobatsirwa kubva pane izvi, ndeipi kirasi inobatsira kubva pane izvi?" Kana vanhu vekuAmerica vainzwisisa iyi pfungwa yekirasi yeMarxian panguva iyoyo, pavakaenda kunovhota uye vaifanira kusarudza pakati peRepublican neDemocratic Party, vaizobvunza kuti, "Iri bato rinomiririra kirasi ipi?"
Kwakanga kune ratidziro muTaos, New Mexico pana February 15, 2003. Mucherechedzo waitungamirira waiti, โHakuna Mureza Wakakura Kukwana Kufukidza Nyadzi Yokuuraya Vanhu Vasina Mhosva.โ Ndiko kutaura kubva kwauri. Kuda nyika kuri kushandiswa sei nhasi?
Kuda nyika kuri kushandiswa nhasi nenzira yagara ichishandiswa nerudo rwenyika uye ndiko kuedza kukomberedza munhu wese munyika kuti aite chinangwa chimwe chete, chikonzero chiri kutsigirwa kwehondo uye kufambira mberi kwesimba renyika. Kuda nyika kunoshandiswa kugadzira manyepo echido chakafanana icho munhu wese munyika anacho. Ini ndangotaura nezve kukosha kwekuona nzanga mumakirasi, kuziva kuti isu hatina kufarira kwakafanana munharaunda yedu, kuti vanhu vane zvido zvakasiyana. Chinoita patriotism ndeye kunyepedzera kune chishuwo chakafanana. Uye mureza ndiyo chiratidzo chekufarira kwakajairika. Saka rudo rwenyika runoita basa rimwe chete rinoitwa nemamwe mitsara mumutauro wenyika yedu.
IUS ndiyo chete nyika munhoroondo yekushandisa zvombo zvekuparadza kukuru. Gore ra2005 rakaratidzira makore makumi matanhatu ekubhomba kweHiroshima neNagasaki. Mhemberero iyi, sezvinei, yakauya pakati pemishumo yekuti US yaive ichigadzirazve zvombo zveatomu izvo zvaizova zvakasimba uye zvakavimbika uye zvinogara kwenguva refu. Waivepi pakadonhedzwa mabhomba uye pfungwa dzako dzaive dzipi panguva iyi?
Ndinozvirangarira zvakajeka nokuti ndakanga ndichangodzoka kubva kumishoni dzokubhomba nendege muEurope. Hondo muEurope yakanga yapera, asi hondo muAsia neJapan yakanga ichiripo. Takadzokera kunyika iyi nendege mukupera kwaJuly 1945. Takapiwa rwendo rwemazuva 30 tisati tadzokera kubasa nevavariro yokuti ipapo taizoenda kuPacific ndokupfuurira muhondo yomuchadenga mukurwisana neJapan.
Takanga takamirira pachiteshi chebhazi uye pakanga paine iyi sitendi yenhau uye musoro mukuru, โBhomba reAtomu Rakandwa paHiroshima.โ Nemhaka yokuti musoro wenhau wakanga wakakura kwazvo, kunyange zvazvo ndakanga ndisingazivi kuti bhomba reatomu chii, ndakafungidzira kuti raifanira kunge riri bhomba hombe. Uye maitiro angu epakarepo aive, zvakanaka, pamwe ipapo handifanire kuenda kuJapan. Zvichida izvi zvinoreva kupera kwehondo kuJapan. Saka ndakafara.
Ndakatanga kubvunza kubhomba kweHiroshima pandakaverenga bhuku raJohn Hersey, Hiroshima , iyo inobva panhevedzano yezvinyorwa zvaakanyora nokuda kwe New Yorker . Akanga aenda kuHiroshima pashure pokubhomba ndokutaura kuvapukunyuki. Unogona kufungidzira kuti vakapukunyuka vakanga vakaita seiโvanhu vasina maoko, makumbo, mapofu, ganda ravo chimwe chinhu chawaisagona kutsungirira kutarira. Hersey akataura nevapukunyuki ava ndokunyora nyaya dzavo. Pandakaverenga izvozvo, kekutanga migumisiro yekubhomba pavanhu yakauya kwandiri.
Ndakanga ndadonhedza mabhomba kuEurope, asi hapana munhu wandakanga ndaona pasi nekuti kana uchibhomba kubva ku30,000 tsoka, hauoni munhu, haunzwe mhere, hauoni ropa, handizive zviri kuitika kuvanhu. Pandakaverenga John Hersey, zvakauya kwandiri, izvo bhomba rakaita kuvanhu. Bhuku iroro rakachinja pfungwa yangu kwete kungobhomba chete, asi rakachinja maonero angu ehondo nekuti rakaita kuti ndizive kuti hondo iye zvino, munguva yedu, munguva yekubhomba kwepamusoro-soro uye kubhomba kwenguva refu uye kufa kure kure kunoreva. kuuraya kusingasaruri kwenhamba huru dzevanhu uye hakugone kugamuchirwa senzira yekugadzirisa matambudziko.
Iwe dzimwe nguva unotsanangurwa seanarchist uye / kana democratic socialist. Wakasununguka here nemashoko iwayo? Uye zvinorevei kwauri?
Kusununguka kwandinoita nemashoko iwayo zvinoenderana nekuti ndiani ari kuashandisa. Handisi kugadzikana kana uchizvishandisa. Asi kana mumwe munhu ari kuvashandisa wandinofungidzira kuti haanyatso kunyatsoziva zvinoreva mazwi aya, saka ndinonzwa kusagadzikana nekuti ndinonzwa kuti vanoda kujekeswa. Mushure mezvose, izwi rokuti anarchist kuvanhu vakawanda rinoreva munhu anokanda mabhomba, anoita zvehugandanga, anotenda mumhirizhonga. Zvinoshamisa, izwi rokuti anarchist ragara richishandiswa kune vanhu vakashandisa mhirizhonga, asi kwete kuhurumende dzinoshandisa mhirizhonga. Sezvo ini ndisingatendi mukukanda mabhomba kana hugandanga kana mhirizhonga, handidi kuti tsananguro yeanarchism ishande kwandiri.
Anarchism inofananidzirwawo zvisiri izvo senzanga isina sangano, isina mutoro, ingori rudzi rwemhirizhonga, zvakare, isingazivi mhirizhonga yenyika ine mhirizhonga, asi iyo izwi rokuti anarchism harina kushandiswa.
Anarchism kwandiri inoreva nzanga umo mune sangano regutsaruzhinji revanhu - kuita sarudzo, hupfumi - uye umo chiremera checapitalist chisisipo, masimba emapurisa nematare uye zvese zvekushandisa. izvo zvatinazvo munzanga yemazuva ano, umo vasingashande kudzora zviito zvevanhu, uye umo vanhu vane revo mune yavo mafambiro, umo ivo vasingamanikidzwe kusarudza pakati pemapato maviri ezvematongerwo enyika, kana iwo anomiririra. zvido zvavo. Saka ini ndinoona anarchism sezvinoreva zvese zvematongerwo enyika uye zvehupfumi democracy, mune yakanakisa pfungwa yezwi.
Ndinoona socialism, rinova rimwe shoko randaizogamuchira zvakanaka, serinoreva kwete mamiriro emapurisa eSoviet Union. Mushure mezvose, izwi rekuti socialism rakadzorwa nevanhu vakawandisa avo, semaonero angu, havasi vesocialist asi vanodzvinyirira. Kwandiri, socialism inoreva nzanga yakaenzana uye umo hupfumi hwakanangidzirwa kune zvinodiwa nevanhu pane kuwana purofiti yebhizinesi.
Dingindira reWorld Social Forum, iro rinoitwa gore negore, rinoti โImwe Nyika Inogoneka.โ Kudai waizovhara maziso ako kwechinguvana, inyika yakaita sei yaungafungidzira?
Nyika yandinofungidzira ndeiyo umo miganhu yenyika isisipo, umo iwe unogona kufamba kubva kune imwe nyika kuenda kune imwe nyore nyore kwatinogona kubva kuMassachusetts kuenda kuConnecticut, nyika isina mapasipoti kana mavhiza kana immigration quotas. Kudyidzana kwechokwadi kwepasi pose mupfungwa yevanhu, umo tinobvuma kuti nyika imwe chete uye kuti vanhu kwose kwose vane kodzero dzakafanana.
Munyika yakadaro haungagoni kuita hondo nokuti imhuri yako, sezvatisiri kufunga nezvokurwa nenyika iri pedyo kana kuti kunyange nyika iri kure. Yaizova nyika umo hupfumi hwepasi hwaizogovaniswa nenzira yakaenzana, umo munhu wese anokwanisa kuwana mvura yakachena. Hungu, ikoko kungada rimwe sangano kuva nechokwadi chokuti pfuma yapasi inogoverwa mukuwirirana nezvinodiwa nomunhu.
Nyika ine vanhu vakasununguka kutaura, nyika umo makanga mune gwaro rechokwadi rekodzero. Nyika umo vanhu vaitarisira zvinodikanwa zvavo zvinokosha zvoupfumi yaizova nyika umo vanhu vaizova vakasununguka kutaura vamene nemhaka yokuti maruramiro ezvamatongerwe enyika namaruramiro okusununguka anotsamira chaizvoizvo pamugariro wezvemari uye kuva nezvinodikanwa zvikuru zvoupfumi zvinotarisirwa.
Ini ndinofunga ingave nyika umo miganhu yedzinza nechitendero nerudzi yaisazova zvikonzero zvekupikisa. Kunyange zvazvo paizova nekusiyana kwetsika uye kuchine kusiyana kwemitauro, hapazovi nezvikonzero zvechisimba cheumwe kune mumwe.
Ndinofunga ingadai iri nyika umo vanhu vaisazofanira kushanda kupfuura maawa mashoma pazuva, izvo zvinogoneka nehunyanzvi huripo nhasi. Kudai unyanzvi uhwu husina kushandiswa nenzira yahuri kushandiswa nayo zvino, nokuda kwehondo uye nokuda kwemabasa okupambadza, vanhu vaigona kushanda maawa matatu kana kuti mana pazuva ndokubereka akakwana kutarisira zvinodikanwa zvipi nezvipi. Saka yaizova nyika umo vanhu vaiva nenguva yakawanda yemimhanzi nemitambo uye mabhuku uye kungorarama nenzira yevanhu nevamwe.
Wakataura kuti wakave mudzidzisi nechikonzero chine mwero: "Ndaida kuchinja nyika." Wasvika pedyo zvakadii pakuzadzisa chinangwa chako?
Zvese zvandinogona kutaura ndezvekuti, ndinovimba kuti nekunyora kwangu uye kutaura uye chiitiko changu chandakafambisa vanhu vashoma kusvika pakunzwisisa kukuru uye ndakatamisa vanhu vashoma kuti vave vagari vanoshingaira. Saka ndinonzwa kuti mupiro wangu, pamwe chete nemupiro wemamiriyoni evamwe vanhu, kana vakaramba, uye kana vakapfuudzwa kuvanhu vakawanda, uye kana nhamba dzedu dzichikura, hongu, rimwe zuva tinogona kunyatsoona mutsa. zvenyika yandinofungidzira.
David Barsamian ndiye mutungamiriri weAlternative Radio (www. alternativeradio.org) uye munyori, naTariq Ali, we Kutaura nezve Empire & Resistance .