The Imperial Messenger - Thomas Friedman Akugwira Ntchito, wolemba Belén Fernandez, Verso, 2012
Chifukwa chiyani, mkati mwa kupsinjika kwakanthawi kochitika chifukwa chavuto lomwe silinayendetsedwe bwino m'mabungwe abizinesi, gulu la ndale kumpoto kwapadziko lonse lapansi likuyika patsogolo kuukira kwa "boma lalikulu" la msika waulere? Chifukwa chiyani, pambuyo pa zaka khumi za masoka ankhondo ku Western Asia, pali mawu ambiri otchuka omwe amalimbikitsa kuyankha kwankhondo ku kusakhalapo kwa "zida zowononga" ku Iran? Yankho limodzi ndiloti zofuna zakuthupi ndi mphamvu za boma zimalimbikitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe chaluntha chomwe chimalimbikitsa ndondomeko zomwe zimatumikira zofunazo, mosasamala kanthu za "zakunja" monga ndalama kwa omwe alibe mphamvu. Mphamvu ndi chuma zimagwiritsa ntchito mawu okweza zomwe angakwanitse kuti athetse kusagwirizana ndi kulimba mtima kwa malingaliro, nzeru zachizoloŵezi, ndondomeko yamalingaliro muzokambirana zandale, zomwe zimabweretsa mayankho omwewo mosasamala kanthu za funso, kapena zenizeni. Izi zikutsatira, kwa ife omwe timasankha kutsutsa mphamvu, kuti kunyozetsa, kutsutsa ndi kusokoneza nzeru zachizoloŵezi ndi ntchito yofunikira - chofunikira kukopa anthu onse kuti dziko lina ndilotheka.
Ndi mawu ochepa okha omwe ali ndi gawo lalikulu pakufalitsa ziphunzitso za neoliberalism kuposa a Thomas Friedman, wopambana Mphotho ya Pulitzer katatu komanso wolemba nkhani zapadziko lonse lapansi wa nyuzipepala yachingerezi yotsogola padziko lonse lapansi ya New York Times. M'nkhani ndi m'mabuku ake, Friedman akufotokoza malingaliro adziko lapansi okhazikika pamalingaliro apakati pamalingaliro akulu. Ukapitalizimu wolamulidwa ndi makampani umawoneka ngati mphamvu yopita patsogolo pa zabwino zonse, chitukuko cha Kumadzulo chimatengedwa kukhala chapamwamba, ndipo mphamvu zankhondo zaku Western zimawonedwa ngati wochita bwino, woteteza ndi kukulitsa kufikira kwachitukuko chimenecho. Zomwe Edward Said adazifotokoza ngati "comic philistinism ya malingaliro a Friedman" nzosapeŵeka. Koma momwemonso, mwatsoka, ndiko kufikira kwawo ndi kufunikira kwawo. Pogwira ntchito ndi gulu la Friedman, ndikuyika kusanthula kwazamalamulo, Belén Fernández wapanga buku lomwe nthawi zina limakhala losangalatsa, nthawi zina lowopsa pazomwe limawululira, losavuta kuwerenga, lopatsa chidwi nthawi zonse, komanso lofunika kwambiri pandale.
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Pamlingo wina, ntchito ya Fernández imapangidwa kukhala yosavuta ndi Friedman mwiniwake, yemwe kalembedwe kake kamakhala kopanda kudzikhutiritsa. Kukonda kwake kukopa anthu, kuyankhula ngati makampani kukuwonetsa kusowa kwazinthu zonse komanso kulumikizana, zomwe zimakakamiza dziko lapansi kukhala ndi malingaliro osavuta komanso osavuta. "Masamba mazana awiri a World Is Flat", Fernández akuti, "Friedman amatanthauzira Globalization 1.0 ngati nthawi yomwe adayenera kupita ku ofesi ya matikiti a ndege kuti apange maulendo ake - pomwe, malinga ndi tanthauzo lomwe amapereka. kumayambiriro kwa bukuli, Globalization 1.0 inatha pafupifupi chaka cha 1800 ".
Otsutsa a Friedman mosapeŵeka amakopeka ndi zovuta zake ndi kusasinthasintha komveka, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kosaphunzira kwa zithunzi ndi mafanizo. Mu luntha lake review m'buku la Friedman, "The World is Flat", Matt Taibbi akugwira mawu ndimeyi:
"Makomawo anali atagwa ndipo mawindo anali atatsegulidwa, zomwe zinapangitsa dziko kukhala labwino kwambiri kuposa momwe linalili kale - koma nthawi yolankhulana momasuka padziko lonse inali isanakwane."
Taibbi akunena motere:
"Kodi iwe umatsegula bwanji zenera pakhoma lakugwa? Zowonjezereka, bwanji mungatsegule zenera pakhoma lakugwa? Kapena kodi makomawo anagwa mwa njira yakuti anasiya mawindo akuyandama pamalo ake kuti atsegulidwe? Masamba mazana anai ndi 73 a izi, anthu. Kodi kulibe Mulungu?”
Fernández amatulutsa chitsanzo chatsopano cha zachabechabe za Friedmanesque pamasamba awiri kapena atatu aliwonse, zomwe zimangoyang'ana zachabechabe zoseketsa zimathandiziranso kugogomezera mosiyanitsa mbali zonse zoseketsa zomwe adatulutsa.
Friedman ndi wosagwirizana. Friedman nayenso akulakwitsa, nthawi zambiri mwatsoka, monga momwe adanenera mu 2005: "Zikuwonekeratu kuti chitsanzo cha Irish-British [economic] ndi njira yamtsogolo". Friedman wamasomphenya amatitengeranso ku "Golden Arches Theory of Conflict Prevention" yomwe imati "palibe mayiko awiri omwe McDonald's onse adamenyana nawo nkhondo wina ndi mzake popeza aliyense ali ndi McDonald's". Kuphulitsa kwa Israeli ku Lebanon mu 2006 sikunalimbikitse "lingaliro", komanso nkhondo pakati pa NATO ndi Serbia pa Kosovo mu 1999, yomwe Friedman ndiye amayesa kutsutsa kuti "sinkhondo yeniyeni" ngakhale adanenapo kuti. "Mokonda kapena ayi, tili pankhondo ndi dziko la Serbia".
Friedman ndi wosagwirizana, Friedman akulakwitsa, ndipo Friedman ali ndi tsankho, akumaona kuti zowonadi zina zimangodziwonetsera okha ndi kunyalanyaza mfundozo mosalapa. Monyadira akuvomereza kuti "Ndinalemba gawo lothandizira Caribbean Free Trade initiative [sic]. Sindinadziwe ngakhale zomwe zinali mmenemo. Ndinangodziwa mawu awiri: malonda aulere ". Kuti akhale olondola, Friedman sanadziwe zomwe zinali mmenemo, zomwe "Central American Free Trade Agreement" imatchedwa, kapena ngakhale dera lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Nthaŵi zina, munthu amangogwidwa chifundo ndi munthu wachikulire amene amadabwitsidwa kosatha kuti dziko siligwirizana ndi maganizo ake. Ku Brussels mu 1999, adakumana ndi "mtolankhani waku Russia, akuzungulira makina a Coke, pansi pa zenera la CNN, akulankhula Chirasha pafoni yam'manja, ku likulu la NATO, pomwe Kosovo idawotcha - malingaliro anga sakanatha kukhala ndi zonse zotsutsana”. Pambuyo pake, kupezeka ku Kuwait City kwa mwiniwake wamkazi wa malo odyera pa intaneti kumachepetsa wolemba nkhani wotsogola wa New York Times ku ngozi yonjenjemera:
“Taonani, ndasokonezeka pang’ono. Ndichitireni masamu. Mwavala chophimba kumutu cha Chisilamu, mwachiwonekere ndinu munthu wachipembedzo, koma munaphunzitsidwa ku yunivesite ya ku America ndipo tsopano mukubweretsa intaneti ku Kuwait. Sindikuwona momwe zonsezi zimakhalira. "
Ndipamene tsankho la kulingalira kwaulesi kwa Friedman limakhala kosapeŵeka pamene kumwetulirako kumagwera pamaso pa oŵerenga, monga momwe Fernández anagwira mawu mawu ake akuti “kukhala Waluntha wophunzira Wachifalansa ndiko kusakanizika koipitsitsa kothekera kwa kumvetsetsa kudalirana kwa mayiko. Zili ngati kukhala wolumala kawiri”. Mbali yoyipa ya a Thomas Friedman siili kutali kwambiri, ndipo palibe chomwe chimapangitsa kuti izi ziwoneke bwino monga kuwona ankhondo ake okondedwa aku Western akuchita nkhondo.
Friedman amalankhula za nkhondo, yochokera kutali, ndi machismo (“perekani mwayi kunkhondo”), limodzi ndi kulimbikitsa mobwerezabwereza njira zomwe - cholinga chake ndi zotsatira zake - zili ngati uchigawenga wa boma. Mu 1999, akulimbikitsa kuti dziko la Serbia likhale ndi "zokhazikika", "zopanda nzeru" komanso "zocheperapo kuposa mabomba opangira opaleshoni" kuti alepheretse anthu a ku Belgrade kuti asapite "kukwera maulendo a Lamlungu, pamene Aserbia anzawo 'akuyeretsa' Kosovo”. Uthenga wopita kwa Aserbia unali wakuti: “Sabata iliyonse mumawononga Kosovo ndi zaka khumi zinanso tidzabweza dziko lanu mwa kukuwonongani. Kodi mukufuna 1950? Kodi tingachite 1950? Kodi mukufuna 1389? Titha kuchitanso 1389 ". Cholinga chake chinali kupanga "makhalidwe atsopano aku Serbia omwe amamvetsetsa momwe angakhalire m'zaka za zana la 21 ku Europe", lomwe dziko lokwezeka likuwoneka kuti limadziwika ndi kukhala ndi anthu onse omwe ali ndi mlandu pamilandu ya boma lawo, ndikuwalanga ndi "zocheperako kuposa opaleshoni". kuphulitsa mabomba” kuti dziko lawo libwererenso zaka mazana asanu ndi limodzi. Zikuoneka kuti Friedman adadzipangitsa kukhala wokondwa panthawiyi kotero kuti sanathe kulingalira ngati maganizo awa amamusiyanitsa, m'lingaliro lililonse la makhalidwe abwino, ndi zomwe Slobodan Milosevic amakonda.
Pa nkhondo ya Israeli ku Lebanon ya 2006, Friedman akunena kuti pofuna kupititsa "maphunziro a Hezbollah .... gwero lokhalo lolepheretseratu linali kuvutitsa anthu wamba - mabanja ndi olemba anzawo ntchito - kuti aletse Hezbollah mu m'tsogolo”. Ichi chinali chithunzithunzi cha zolinga za Israeli. Panthawiyo, asilikali a Israeli omwe adapuma pantchito a Col. Gal Luft adafotokoza cholinga cha kampeni kuti "pakhale kusiyana pakati pa anthu aku Lebanon ndi othandizira a Hezbollah", uthenga womwe ndi "Ngati mukufuna kuti mpweya wanu ugwire ntchito ndipo ngati mukufuna kuwuluka kupita ku Paris kukagula zinthu, muyenera kuchotsa mutu wanu pamchenga. ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti atseke dziko la Hezbollah". Inde, Israyeli anatero zoyipa kwambiri kwa anthu wamba aku Lebanon m'chilimwe chimenecho kuposa kuzimitsa makina oziziritsira mpweya ndi kuwaletsa kupita kogula. Onse ndi cholinga chofuna kufalitsa uthenga wandale kudzera munjira yachiwawa "chochepa kuposa opaleshoni".
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Momwemonso, Friedman adalengeza pawonetsero waku US ku 2003 kuti chifukwa chakuukira kwa Iraq chinali kufunika kophulitsa "chiwopsezo chauchigawenga" chomwe chidatulukira "kudera limenelo la dziko lapansi":
“Tinayenera kupita kumeneko, kwenikweni, eh, ndi….kutulutsa ndodo yayikulu kwambiri, mkati momwemo, pa dziko lapansi…. Chomwe amafunikira kuwona chinali anyamata ndi atsikana aku America kupita kunyumba ndi nyumba kuchokera ku Basra. kwa Baghdad, ndipo kwenikweni kunena kuti: “Ndi mbali iti ya chiganizochi yomwe simukumvetsa? Simukuganiza, mukudziwa, timasamala za gulu lathu lotseguka; mukuganiza zongopeka izi, tikuzisiya zikule? Chabwino. Kuyamwa. Yambani. Izi"
Kukhalapo kwa "msungwana" asitikali aku America akuwoneka ngati chizindikiro cha chidziwitso m'chilengedwe cha Friedman, monga momwe amalimbikitsira chilango cha amuna, akazi ndi ana aku Iraq ("nyumba ndi nyumba"). Apanso, siiwo omwe ali ndi mlandu wa 9/11 monga momwe gulu lawo lonse la anthu (lotanthauziridwa mosasamala mpaka mopanda nzeru) lomwe liyenera kukhala ndi mlandu. Kwa Friedman, US "ikhoza kugunda Saudi Arabia. Icho chinali mbali ya kuwira. Mutha kugunda Pakistan. Tinagunda Iraq chifukwa tidatha. Ndicho choonadi chenichenicho”. M'malo mwake, dziko lililonse lachisilamu likuwoneka ngati lokwanira ku nyumba ndi nyumba, zachigawenga zaku US, zomwe banja la Shia ku Basra likuyenera kulangidwa chifukwa cha milandu ya anthu ochepa a Wahhabi, makamaka ochokera ku Saudi Arabia, zifukwa zomwe zimakhala "zongopeka" zomwezo (mawu obadwa ndi kusazindikira koopsa).
Ndikoyenera kuyimitsa pang'ono kuti muwone kufanana pakati pa manyazi ogonana "kuyamwa pa izi" ndi zithunzi zowopsya zochokera ku chipinda chozunzirako cha ku America cha Abu Ghraib. Ndipo ngakhale kuti Friedman mosakayikira ananyansidwa ndi chochitikacho monga wina aliyense, miseche yake yotsutsa mafuko onse ndi magulu achipembedzo, "kusiyana" kwake, kutengeka kwake mwachisawawa m'malingaliro obwezera mwachiwawa, ndi chiwawa chake chokhazikika, chodziwika bwino, chankhanza. sikunakhalepo ngati njira yodzitetezera, kumachepetsa mwayi woti zoopsa zotere zitha kuchitika posachedwa. Izi ndi zomwe zili pachiwopsezo mukatenga gawo lotsogola popanga nkhani zandale zazaka.
Friedman amagwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa magulu ankhondo aku US kuti awonetse momwe amaonera zankhondo zaku America ngati njira yomwe imathandizira kupita patsogolo. Kukhalapo kwa amayi kumapemphedwa, ngakhale kuchulukirachulukira kwa ziwawa zomwe sizinafotokozedwe m'gulu lankhondo zikuwonetsa kuti udindo wake ngati wothandizira ufulu wa amayi mwina sizomwe zingakhalire. Ndipo magulu ankhondo aku US amitundu yambiri amatchulidwa mobwerezabwereza, ngakhale zili zoonekeratu kuti Thomas Friedman mwiniwake wamitundu yambiri ali ndi malingaliro osawunikira a Aluya ndi Asilamu.
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Friedman akuyika kulephera kwa anthu aku Iraq kuyamikira phindu la ntchito yakunja mpaka "khoma mu malingaliro achiarabu". Monga momwe Fernández amanenera, "chizoloŵezi cha anthu a Kum'maŵa kulimbikitsa anthu a Kum'maŵa m'nthawi zakale, kumene akufunikira chitukuko cha maiko a Kumadzulo ndi asilikali ake, chimawonekera mobwerezabwereza m'nkhani ya Friedman". Arabu ndi Asilamu ndi "obwerera". Anthu aku Iraq "amadana wina ndi mnzake kuposa momwe amakondera ana awo". Atangowukiridwa mu 2003, akuganiza kuti "zingakhale zopusa ngakhale kufunsa ma Iraqi apa momwe amamvera pazandale. Iwo ali mu chikhalidwe chisanayambe ndale, chikhalidwe choyambirira ".
Kwa amishonale a ku America, ntchito yabwino yokweza anthu ankhanza m'dambo ili ndi zoopsa zake. "Ngakhale tikufuna gulu la dziko la Iraq - kumanga ma Shiites, Kurds ndi Sunni - kuti agwirizane, sitikufuna kuti agwirizane kutsutsana nafe". Mwachiwonekere ndiye kuti pali malire omwe ngakhale woyimira wolimba mtima uyu wa mfundo zowunikira za Kumadzulo adzachirikiza demokalase, malirewo pokhala ngati anthu omasulidwa ndiye akugwada pamaso pa mphamvu za mphamvu zakumadzulo.
Zonsezi zikanakhala zogwirizana ndi zochepa zomwe Friedman anali munthu wodzipatula, osati nkhope yonyansa ya malingaliro ndi malingaliro omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri. Kudandaula kwake kuti asilikali a ku America omwe akukhala ku Iraq "akuyambitsa nkhondo yapachiŵeniŵeni" ndi zofanana ndi zomwe Barack Obama adalonjeza panthawi ya chisankho cha pulezidenti wa 2007 kuti "sitikhala mwana wankhondo wapachiweniweni”, monga ngati kuti kukhetsa mwazi komwe kunali m’dzikolo kunali kochititsidwa ndi ukhanda wa ana a anthu ake osati zotulukapo zakuti dzikolo linalandidwa mwachiwawa ndi dziko lachilendo. Kwina konse, kufanizira kwa Friedman za ntchito ya US ku Afghanistan ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa "mwana wosowa mwapadera" kumangofanana ndi zomwe a Donald Rumsfeld adafotokoza za udindo wa Washington mu. kuphunzitsa anthu aku Iraq momwe angayendetsere dziko lawo:
“Kuwongola dziko la Iraq kunali ngati kuphunzitsa mwana kukwera njinga. Mukudziwa kuti mukachotsa dzanja lanu akhoza kugwa, ndiye kuti mumachotsa chala kenako zala ziwiri, ndipo posakhalitsa mumangochigwira movutikira. Simungadziwe pamene mukuthamanga mumsewu kuchuluka kwa masitepe omwe muyenera kutenga. Sitingadziwe, koma tayamba bwino.
Mbali yachiwiri ya tsankho wamba ndi lingaliro lachauvinism la chikhalidwe cha chitukuko cha Azungu; chithunzi cha abambo kwa makanda aku Iraq ndi Afghan. Kwa Friedman, "popanda America yamphamvu yogwirizanitsa dziko lapansi, ndikuchita zoyenera nthawi zambiri, dziko lapansi likanakhala nkhalango ya Hobbesian", chikhulupiriro mu ubwino wa mphamvu zakumadzulo zomwe zimagawidwa. ponse pa sipekitiramu wa malingaliro anzeru.
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Poganizira kuti Friedman amatengeka ndi mkhalidwe wodzutsidwa mopanda nzeru chifukwa chowonetsa mphamvu zaku Western, siziyenera kudabwitsa kuti, ngakhale amadzinenera kuti ali ndi ufulu wademokalase, amadzipezanso akukopeka ndi olamulira ena opondereza. "Kunena zoona, ndili ndi malo ofewa kwa Kalonga wa Saudi Crown Abdullah, yemwe ndi munthu wodekha komanso wodziletsa", akuvomereza ngwazi yathu yamasiku ano, ponena za munthu yemwe tsopano ndi mfumu ya imodzi mwamaboma opondereza kwambiri padziko lapansi. . Kwina konse, Friedman akufotokoza Bahrain ngati "dziko lopita patsogolo" lomwe lili ndi "mfumu yopita patsogolo" komanso "Kalonga Wachifumu" yemwe "adamudziwa ndikumukonda kwa zaka zambiri". Mfundo yakuti mphamvu zatsopanozi ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kusokoneza nkhani. Chiyeso chenicheni chamakono, kwa Friedman, ndi chakuti autocrat imakhala ndi ubale wabwino ndi azungu. Pankhani ya amene atero, zinthu zilizonse zosafunikira zingayikidwe ndi “malingaliro achiarabu ozikika [ku mbali ya anzawo], obadwa m’zaka za utsamunda ndi manyazi amene amaumirira kuti Aarabu alemekezedwe. ndipo kukonda dziko lako ponyoza mayiko a Kumadzulo kuli kofunika kwambiri kuposa ufulu, demokalase ndi zamakono”.
Ngakhale zitha kukhala zowona kuti ma demokalase achi Arab ku Tunisia, Egypt, Bahrain, Yemen, Palestine ndi kwina adayenera kutsutsa nkhanza zoyendetsedwa ndi azungu ndendende kuti apeze ufulu wawo, izi sizikutulutsa chowonadi chapamwamba cha chilengedwe cha Friedman. kwa iye powonera "kuyankhulana kodabwitsa" pa Al Jazeera ndi katswiri wazamisala waku America waku America, yemwe amatsimikizira kuti "mkangano pakati pa chitukuko ndi kubwerera m'mbuyo, pakati pa otukuka ndi okalamba, pakati pa nkhanza ndi kulingalira" kukuchitika pakati pa Kumadzulo ndi Aarabu / Dziko la Muslim. Choncho, zikuwoneka, wolamulira wankhanza aliyense wa Chiarabu yemwe ali kumbali ya Kumadzulo ndi woimira kulingalira ndi kulingalira kwamtsogolo, mwa kutanthauzira, akukhala ndi ife kumbali ya angelo.
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Mphamvu zonse zochititsa chidwizi zilipo kuti zitsimikizire zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri kwa Friedman: Anglo-American capitalism. Monga adanenera momveka bwino, "McDonald's sangathe kuchita bwino popanda McDonnell Douglas, wopanga US Air Force F-15. Ndipo nkhonya yobisika yomwe imateteza dziko lapansi kuti ukadaulo wa Silicon Valley utukuke umatchedwa US Army, Air Force, Navy ndi Marine Corps ". Monga muzochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi, momwemonso muzachuma, dongosolo lamtengo wapatali la Friedman limasunga: omwe ali ndi mphamvu ayenera kusinthidwa kale, pomwe omwe ali m'njira yawo ayenera kunyozedwa.
Chifukwa chake, msika waulere utatha kugwa ndikuwotcha m'dzinja la 2008, Friedman adalumphira ndikudziwikiratu mwatsatanetsatane, akulunjika "ana obadwa kumene" omwe "ayenera kuvomereza kudulidwa kwakukulu pazopindula zawo ndi penshoni lero kuti ana awo athe kupeza ntchito. ndipo musakhale ndi ngongole mawa”. Monga Fernández amanenera, izi zimanyalanyaza mfundo yoti "90 peresenti ya ngongole zaboma zaku US zimachokera ku ndalama zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo", zomwe sizimakhumudwitsa wokonda nkhondo wamiliyoni kuti aphunzitse anthu osauka a m'badwo wake, omwe mpaka pano adadalira mitundu yochepa yankhondo. chitetezo cha anthu, kuti "Fairy Tooth, iye wafa". Friedman amatenga nthawi kuti asayamikire ma CEO amakampani apadziko lonse lapansi, kuti afotokoze mothandiza zenizeni za moyo kwa opuma penshoni aku Britain:
“Ku Britain, aliyense woposa 60 amapatsidwa ndalama zolipirira ndalama zotenthetsera chaka chilichonse ndipo amatha kukwera basi yaulere. Ndizokoma kwambiri - ngati mungakwanitse. Koma Britain, komwe 25 peresenti ya ndalama zaboma tsopano yabwerekedwa, sangathenso ”.
Kwinanso akufuna kuti dziko la US ligwiritse ntchito njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Singapore komwe "olamulira akuluakulu ndi nduna za nduna zili ndi malipiro awo okhudzana ndi malipiro apamwamba a mabungwe apadera, kotero kuti ambiri amapeza ndalama zoposa $ 1 miliyoni pachaka". Kudzaza maakaunti aku banki a ana omwe ali ndi ana omwe ali ndi vuto ili, kwa Friedman, chizindikiro cha "kulamulira mozama", monganso kuchotsa thandizo laulendo wamabasi ndi kutenthetsa mabilu kwa anthu otsika kwambiri ndikuyesa kuzama.
Mmodzi akukayika kuti Friedman akugwiritsa ntchito mwachidziwitso nkhani zachisalungamo zapakati pamibadwo ngati njira yolumikizirana manja kuti awonetsetse kuti 1% yomwe iye ndi membala ndi wolankhulirayo imakhala yopanda vuto pomwe mavuto omwe adayambitsa amalipidwa ndi 99%. Ngakhale kuti zimenezi n’zachionekere, munthu amakayikira ngati ali ndi nzeru zochitira dala zinthu zanzeru zoterezi. M'malo mwake, sikutheka kukhala chinthu chachilengedwe chabe cha mawonekedwe ake osawunikidwa, ofowoka adziko momwe thandizo lachitukuko kuti lipereke zoyambira za moyo kwa iwo omwe amazifuna zimawonedwa ngati kupambanitsa kopitilira muyeso, pomwe kulemerera kochulukira kwa omwe akuwafuna. amene amadzigwetsa kale mu chuma chonyansa amalimbikitsidwa ngati chizindikiro cha "kuzama".
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Pomaliza mwamphamvu, Fernández akuwonetsa kusiyana pakati pa njira yosankhidwa ya Friedman yolemba utolankhani ndi ntchito ya omwe amalemba, osati pamalingaliro a akazembe a Israeli, ma Arab autocrats ndi ma CEO aku Western, koma malinga ndi momwe anthu wamba omwe akhudzidwa ndi zochita za mphamvu. Atolankhani ngati Amira Hass, Gideon Levy, Amy Goodman, Sherine Tadros, Dahr Jamail ndi Nir Rosen omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachitetezo chawo m'munda komanso kuipidwa pakati pa anthu ambiri chifukwa chobweretsa kukhulupirika komanso diso lovuta pakusimba kwawo komanso ndemanga zawo. Mwachitsanzo, ponena za Iraq, kumene Rosen amavomereza ndi tsatanetsatane wa mfundo yakuti "ntchito ndi kukakamiza mwadongosolo komanso kosalekeza chiwawa pa dziko lonse .... [nthawi zonse] kumanga, kumenya, kupha, kuchititsa manyazi ndi kuopseza", Friedman amayang'anira kuti adzitsimikizire yekha, ndikugwiritsa ntchito nsanja yake kudziwitsa dziko lapansi, kuti ngakhale "tinasiya zolemba zochititsa manyazi pano za mazunzo ndi Abu Ghraib, tidasiyanso zabwino miliyoni miliyoni ndi chitsanzo chozama cha momwe anthu azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana angachite amagwira ntchito limodzi”. Ngati ntchito yabwino ya nkhani yaikulu ndikupereka nkhani yovomerezeka yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu za boma, zankhondo ndi zachuma, ndiye kuti Friedman ndi mtsogoleri wamkulu wa nthano zowopsa zomwezo. Koma monga Fernández akunenera, kuchita nawo gawoli ndikusankha, pomwe olemba ena ambiri omwe sanatchulidwe komanso omwe salipidwa bwino amasankha njira yolemekezeka kwambiri.
Kuchuluka kwa zomwe Friedman adalemba zomwe Fernández mwachiwonekere adawerenga - kuchuluka kwa mawu owopsa kwambiri komanso malingaliro opindika omveka omwe adapirira pakufufuza kwake - zikutanthauza kuti sadzadziwonetsa yekha kumanzere padziko lonse lapansi. njira ina iliyonse. Amabweretsa ku ntchitoyo nzeru yokoma, yowuma, ndi mphatso yothetsa mkangano woyipa mozindikira komanso moyenera. Mawu ake ndi abwino komanso ovomerezeka, ndipo - kuchokera kwa Friedman - ndizovuta kwambiri pa izi. Akulondola pomwe akunena kuti udindo wake ngati m'modzi mwa akatswiri otsogola padziko lonse lapansi ndi "umboni wakuwonongeka kwa media media", komanso kulondola kumuwonetsa ngati "m'neneri wa ufumu ndi likulu" komanso "wopepesa wokhalamo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwankhondo zaku US. ndi kulanga ndondomeko zachuma”. Ngati lingaliro lomwe lilipo ndilo khola lamalingaliro, kulepheretsa luso lathu lomvetsetsa dziko lapansi ndikupeza njira zothetsera kupanda chilungamo koipitsitsa, ndiye kuti kuwerenga bukhuli kumakhala ngati chidziwitso chaching'ono koma chofunika kwambiri pa kumasulidwa kwa nzeru, zomwe ife tiri ndi wolemba wake kuthokoza.
David Wovala ikupanga kafukufuku wamaphunziro apamwamba pa mfundo zakunja zaku Britain ku Middle East ndi North Africa ku School of Public Policy, University College London. Iye ndi mkonzi wa New Left Project.
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