Mkangano wokhudza gulu la zojambula zojambulidwa mโnyuzipepala ya ku Denmark imene inanyoza mneneri wachisilamu Muhammadi, ndi kusindikizidwa kwawo kwina kulikonse mโmanyuzipepala a ku Ulaya, kwadzutsa mafunso ochititsa chidwi; ngakhale sizomwe zidakambidwa m'manyuzipepala aku Western. Tauzidwa ndi othirira ndemanga angapo kuti kusankha kuyenera kupangidwa pakati pa ufulu wa kulankhula ndi kukhumudwitsa malingaliro achipembedzo a ena, ndi kuti kusankha kumeneku kumapanga mbali ya mkangano waukulu, wa mbiriyakale pakati pa machitidwe aลตiri osiyana ndi opikisana a makhalidwe. Kunena zoona, malingaliro onsewa ndi abodza. Ufulu wolankhula ndi kulemekeza anthu azikhulupiliro zosiyanasiyana sizogwirizana, komanso machitidwe amtengo wapatali akumadzulo ndi dziko lachi Islam. Komabe, povomereza kusakwanira kwa nkhani za โkukangana kwachitukukoโ, kugawaniza magawano osavuta awa ndikufufuza chowonadi chomwe abisa kufikira pano, titha kuthawa mkangano wopangidwa ndi omenyera mbali zonse ndikupeza mwayi weniweni womwe ulipo. mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa Islam ndi West. Komanso, poganizira kuti anthu angawononge ndalama zambiri chifukwa chopitirizabe kukambirana, uwu si mwayi chabe koma udindo.
Kutangotsala nthawi pang'ono kuti mkangano wokhudza nyimbo za ku Denmark uyambe kukhudza mitu yankhani, Tariq Ramadan anakamba nkhani yapoyera ku London School of Economics. Ramadan ndi nzika yaku Switzerland yochokera ku Egypt, komanso katswiri wodziwika padziko lonse lapansi wamalingaliro achisilamu ndi aku Europe. Iye walankhula ndi kulemba zambiri pa ubale pakati pa Kumadzulo ndi dziko la Muslim: ponena za mgwirizano wapadziko lonse komanso maubwenzi a anthu m'mayiko a Kumadzulo. Ramadan amalimbikitsa kwambiri zokambirana zolimbikitsa pakati pa zikhalidwe ziwirizi komanso amasangalala ndi zomwe zimafanana zomwe kukambirana koteroko kungachitike. Monga katswiri wa nzeru zonse za Kumadzulo ndi Kumโmaลตa, amawona unyinji wa mfundo ndi makhalidwe ofanana ndi Chisilamu ndi Azungu. Kwa ife omwe tidaphunzitsidwa kwambiri ndi malingaliro aku Western, Ramadan sikuti imangowonetsa zomwe tingathe kuzindikira nthawi yomweyo ngati kumiza mwanzeru mu mfundo ndi zikhalidwe za Chidziwitso (osati kusinthanitsa kwaufulu kwa malingaliro oganiza), komanso amatipatsa kuzindikira. momwe zikhalidwe za umunthu zimadziwonetsera mu dziko lachisilamu m'mbiri yake yonse.
Lingaliro lakuti mikhalidwe ina siili Kumadzulo kapena Kumโmaลตa kokha lingasonyezedwe mwa kupenda nkhani ya kulolerana kwachipembedzo. Kodi kulolerana kwachipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe chakumadzulo chomwe chilibe chikhalidwe cha Chisilamu? Wina atha kutenga malingaliro amenewo kuchokera ku ndemanga zaposachedwa zapawailesi ku West. Koma kunena zoona, kumvetsetsa ndi kukondwerera zipembedzo zina โ kupitirira kulolerana chabe รขโฌโ kwaonekera kwambiri mu Chisilamu, chimene Mneneri Muhammadi adachiwona kuti chikukwaniritsa utatu wa zipembedzo pamodzi ndi Chikhristu ndi Chiyuda. Qurรขโฌโขan imafuna kulemekeza Ayuda ndi Akhristu (รขโฌลAnthu a m'Buku"), ndipo ngakhale munthu angapeze kutsutsana kwa mfundo imeneyi m'malembo a Chisilamu, adzapezanso kusalolera kwa zipembedzo zambiri (kuyika mofatsa). m'malemba a zipembedzo zina ziwirizo, makamaka mu Chipangano Chakale.
Kuchokera ku mfundo kupita ku machitidwe, mbiri ya Chisilamu ikufanana bwino ndi ya Kumadzulo. Zitsanzo monga Bwalo la Inquisition ndi zifukwa zomveka zachipembedzo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophana ndi atsamunda aku Western ndi kuponderezana (kuphatikiza kutheratu kwa anthu amtundu waku Western Hemisphere kuyambira 1492 kupita mtsogolo) zimatsutsana ndi lingaliro lakuti kulolerana kwa zikhulupiriro zosagwirizana ndi gawo lofunikira. ku chikhalidwe cha azungu (1). M'mbiri yonse, Ayuda onse a ku Middle East ndi Ahindu ku Mughal India, mwachitsanzo, ankachitiridwa bwino, mosiyana ndi zomwe Ayuda anakumana nazo ku Ulaya. Mfundo ili pano osati kutsimikizira kusinthika kwa liberal-West / dogmatic-East equation, koma kuwonetsa kuperewera kwake ngati lingaliro lomwe likuyambitsa mkangano womwe ulipo.
Komabe, ngakhale pali zofooka zake, lingaliro ili lakhazikika kwambiri pazandale. Ku Britain, The Observer inafalitsa รขโฌลmbiri ya kulankhula mwaufuluรขโฌ yotsagana ndi nkhani za mzera wa katuni, kundandalika pafupifupi zaka za Azungu: kuchokera ku Socrates kupyolera mu Magna Carta mpaka ku US Bill of Rights. Chisilamu chinaloledwa kuwonekera kawiri m'nkhaniyi: choyamba mu 1989 pamene รขโฌล[a] Ayatollah Khomeini adatulutsa fatwa yotsutsana ndi Salman Rushdie pa "mwano" wa buku lake, The Satanic Versesรขโฌ , ndipo kachiwiri mu 2002 kumene รขโฌลmtolankhani wa ku Nigeria Isioma Daniel anafukiza[d] Asilamu polemba za Mneneri Mohammed ndi Abiti World, zomwe zidayambitsa zipolowe zomwe [zinasiya] anthu oposa 200 atamwaliraรขโฌ . Munkhani yomweyi, mtsogoleri wa pepalalo adanena motsimikiza kuti รขโฌลuku sikulimbana kwa zitukukoรขโฌ . Komabe olemba ake sakanachita zochulukira kuchirikiza lingaliro la Samuel Huntingdon mโbuku lake รขโฌลThe Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Orderรขโฌ kuti รขโฌลlingaliro la kudzikonda payekha ndiรขโฌยฆ mwambo wa ufulu wa munthu ndi ufuluรขโฌ opezeka Kumadzulo ndi รขโฌลosiyana pakati pa anthu otukukaรขโฌ .
M'zochita zawo zodzikonda pachikhalidwe, olemba a Huntingdon kapena The Observer salola kuti zenizeni ziwononge chikondi pamene akuyang'ana pagalasi ndi maso. Koma zoona zake n'zakuti pali zitsanzo zina zambiri za mfundo yaufulu yodziwonetsera yokha m'mbiri; ngakhale kunja kwa miyambo yakumadzulo yomwe yatifotokozera mothandizidwa ndi nyuzipepala ya Lamlungu yotsogola yaufulu ya ku Britain.
Mwachitsanzo, panthaลตi imene Ayuda ndi ampatuko anali kuwotchedwa pamtengo ku Ulaya, chikhulupiriro chakuti โkufunafuna kulingaliraโ kuyenera kulamulira โchikhulupiriro chakhunguโ chinali kufalikira ku India pansi pa Mfumu ya Chisilamu Akbar, yomwe inasonyeza maganizo ake. kudzipereka ku mfundoyi pokonza zokambirana zapagulu pakati pa anthu azipembedzo zonse, kuphatikiza osakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu. Posonyeza kulolerana kwachipembedzo kwa Mughal India komwe tafotokoza pamwambapa, Akbar adapereka lamulo loti "palibe munthu amene ayenera kusokonezedwa chifukwa cha chipembedzo, ndipo aliyense ayenera kuloledwa kupita kuchipembedzo chomwe chimamusangalatsa", kapena kusankha kutero. alibe chipembedzo konse. Pochita izi, Akbar anali kuyika maziko ovomerezeka a boma m'zaka za zana la 16, zaka mazana awiri zisanakhale zachipembedzo ku France ndi United States.
Ngakhale kuti titsatira zikhalidwe za Kumadzulo ndi Chisilamu pazokambiranazi, titha kulolanso njira ina yachidule kuti tizindikire zochitika zina zaufulu zomwe zikuyenda bwino kupyola maiko a ku Ulaya. Mwachitsanzo, zaka pafupifupi 3 Akbar asanayambe kulamulira, mโzaka za mโma 2 B.C.E., mfumu ya ku India ya Chibuda Ashoka inalengeza za malamulo olimbikitsa ufulu wa anthu. ufulu, zomwe Ashoka sanachite. Wina atha kukumbukiranso kuchuluka kwa magulu azikhalidwe m'dziko lomwe tsopano ndi lachitatu momwe maulamuliro a demokalase asanakhalepo anali kusinthika, kupatsa anthu wamba zonena pazochitika zapagulu, kale ambiri mwa maderawa asadakonzedwenso kapena kuchotsedwa kwathunthu ndi kuchuluka kwa Europe. Zitsanzo zimenezi, ndi zina zosawerengeka zochulukirachulukira kuzindandalika, zimasonyeza kuti kuyenda kwaufulu ndi kufotokoza malingaliro sikuli konse kupangidwa ndi Kumadzulo kapena mwambo wake Wounikira. Liberalism, ponse pamalingaliro ndi chikhulupiriro, yayamikiridwa ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana m'mbiri yonse ya anthu, ndipo mosiyana ndi zomwe Huntingdon adanena, sizinakhalepo zokhazokha (XNUMX).
Kaya zomwe zinasiyidwa mumndandanda wazaka za The Observer zidachitika mwangozi kapena dala zomwe zingakhudze mkangano wapano zidzakhala zofanana. Pamene akutsanzira kulemekeza Asilamu ndi kung'ung'udza mwaulemu zotsutsa zachitukuko chilichonse, The Observer yalimbitsa kwambiri chikhulupiriro cholakwika chakuti nkhani ya ufulu wolankhula ndi nkhani ya azungu; ndi Kum'maลตa kuloledwa kuwonekera kwakanthawi kochepa komanso kutsutsana mwachindunji ndi mfundo zowunikira za ku Ulaya. Chifukwa chake malingaliro amalingaliro ankhani ya รขโฌลmkangano wa zitukukoรขโฌ, pomwe amakanidwa mwachiphamaso ndi ufulu waulemu, akhazikika ngakhale kumanzere kwa gulu la ndale. Posiya kudzikuza kotereku ndikuwunika mbiri yakale, tawona kuti ufulu wowongoka siulinso Wachizungu monga momwe zikhulupiriro zimalembedwera mu DNA ya anthu ambiri achisilamu. Kotero tsopano tikhoza kusuntha kulingalira momwe zikhalidwe zaufulu zomwe zimatchedwa kuti mphatso za Kumadzulo kwa anthu zimadziwonetsera masiku ano.
M'nkhani yake ya LSE, Ramadan adanena kuti pokambirana zachitukuko mfundo zikhoza kukhala zothandiza poyerekeza ndi mfundo ndi (zachikhalidwe ndi ndale) machitidwe poyerekeza ndi machitidwe, koma kuti mavuto adzabuka pamene chipani chimodzi chikufanizira mfundo zake ndi zochita za wina. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zokambirana zikhale zolakwika, osati chifukwa zimapangitsa kuti omwe kale anali nawo adzinyengerera komanso kutsutsa mnzake mosayenera. Kotero pamenepa, anthu a mbali ya ku Ulaya amayerekezera รขโฌลMakhalidwe akumadzuloรขโฌ akulankhula mwaufulu ndi kulolerana ndi zofuna zaukali zomwe zimachokera kudziko lachi Islam kuti ziwonetsero zonyansa za Mtumiki ndizoletsedwa. Pakadali pano Asilamu okhumudwa amafananiza umulungu wa Chisilamu ndi khalidwe lopanda ulemu la atolankhani aku Western.
Koma monga Ramadan amanenera, kufananiza mfundo zathu ndi zochita zathu komanso kudzikhutiritsa tokha kuti ndizokhazikika ziyenera kukhala zofunika kwambiri tisanatsutsidwe ena. Kudzipenda nthawi zonse kumakhala kopindulitsa, chinyengo sichitero. Kwa ife monga Azungu, kuti tifanizire mfundo zathu ndi zochita zathu, tikhoza kufufuza momwe timaonera ufulu wa ndale monga momwe zilili masiku ano. Kodi zochita zathu zonse zimagwirizana ndi zomwe timaganiza kuti ndi zaufulu? Kuti tiyankhe funsoli, zingakhale zopindulitsa kwambiri kupenda machitidwe athu omwe awonekera kwambiri kwa Asilamu padziko lonse lapansi. Phindu lowonjezera pano lidzakhala kuzindikira momwe zolemba zathu zenizeni za demokalase ndi ufulu wa kulankhula zingawonekere ndi omwe akukhala, tikuuzidwa, kumbali ina ya kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe. Chisoni, pambuyo pa zonse, ndi gawo lofunikira pakukambitsirana kwatanthauzo.
Pakali pano pali nkhani zambiri zachangu Kumadzulo za ntchito yathu yofalitsa demokalase ku Middle East, ndi ntchito ya Iraq monga chitsanzo. Koma kunena kuti รขโฌลkukhazikitsa demokalaseรขโฌ kuti dziko la Chisilamu ndi cholinga cha mfundo zakunja za azungu kumabweretsa mafunso angapo omwe, ngakhale akuwonekeratu, amawonekera chifukwa chosowa kwawo mkangano wandale. Mwachitsanzo, ku Iraq, chifukwa chiyani zofuna zodziwika kuti zisankho zaulere zidakanidwa koopsa ndi omwe adakhalako kwa miyezi ingapo ataukira, ndipo adagwirizana pokhapokha ma Iraqi atalowa m'misewu zikwizikwi kuwonetsa demokalase? Popeza palibe kukayikira kuti anthu aku Iraq akufuna kuti asitikali omwe akukhalapo achoke, monga momwe kafukufuku wina wasonyezera, komanso popeza gulu lonse la ndale la Iraq lidagwirizana kuti likhazikitse ndondomeko yochotsa asitikali omwe akukhala pamisonkhano iwiri yapadziko lonse kumapeto kwa chaka chatha, n'chifukwa chiyani atsogoleri a ndale akumadzulo akupitirizabe kukana nkhani za nthawi iliyonse yotereyi? Ndipo ndichifukwa chiyani olemba ndemanga aku Western akupitiliza kutsutsana pazabwino zosiya ngati kuti anthu aku Iraq sananene zomwe amakonda pankhaniyi? Kodi ufulu wolankhula kwa anthu omwe si a kumadzulo uyenera kukhala wolinganizidwa ndi ufulu wa mbuye wachitsamunda wonyalanyaza anthu ake ayenera kufotokoza malingaliro olakwika?
Kuyesa kwa US-UK kuti aletse demokalase yomwe ikubwera ku Iraq ikugwirizana ndi mfundo zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo malingaliro a omwe akuzunzidwa ndi ndondomekozi nawonso si atsopano. Zaka XNUMX zapitazo, Purezidenti Eisenhower adapempha bungwe la US National Security Council kuti liwone chidani chomwe anthu a ku Middle East amadana nacho pa mfundo za boma lake (zomwe adazifotokoza kuti ndi "nkhondo yodana nafe"). Bungweli linanena kuti chidanicho chimachokera ku lingaliro lofala kuti US ikuthandizira maulamuliro opondereza m'derali kuti awathandize kupeza ndi kulamulira nkhokwe za mafuta. Khonsoloyo idapitiliza kunena kuti zingakhale zovuta kuti US ithane ndi lingaliroli, makamaka chifukwa ndilolondola.
Mu 1953, kulondola kwa malingaliro amenewo kudawonetsedwa mosakayikira pomwe Britain ndi US adakonza chiwembu chogwetsa boma lanyumba yamalamulo ya Iran ndikukhazikitsa ulamuliro wankhanza wa Shah. Tehran adakwiyitsa a Briteni pokhazikitsa makampani ake amafuta, atatenga lingaliro lakuti anthu aku Iran, osati Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (kenako BP), ayenera kukhala opindula kwambiri ndi chuma cha dziko. Boma la Winston Churchill lidapitiliza ntchito zobisika zomwe zidayambika kale ndi oyang'anira Labor kuti akonze kulanda mothandizidwa ndi CIA. Kuukiraku kunali kopambana kwa zofuna za anthu osankhika aku Western, ngati sizinali za demokalase yaku Western, popeza US-UK idakhazikitsa upondereza wamakasitomala omwe adakhala zaka 25 zikubwerazi kukulitsa mbiri yankhanza zodabwitsa. Amnesty International inanena mu 1976 kuti pansi pa Shah, Iran inali ndi "chilango chachikulu kwambiri cha imfa padziko lonse lapansi, palibe njira yovomerezeka ya makhoti a anthu wamba komanso mbiri ya kuzunzidwa" yomwe inali "yopanda chikhulupiriro". "Anthu onse" adati gulu lomenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe "lidali pachiwopsezo chosatha, chofalikira" ndi magulu achitetezo amkati okhala ndi zida komanso ophunzitsidwa ndi a Kumadzulo.
Njira yodziwika bwino yomwe Kumadzulo kumakhala ndi mphamvu zogwira ntchito koma ntchito zaulamuliro watsiku ndi tsiku zimaperekedwa kwa anthu osankhika am'deralo zidafotokozedwa ndi Lord Curzon m'masiku a Ufumu wa Britain. Ndikwabwino, adatero Curzon, kulamulira kuseri kwa "Arab faรยงade," ndi "mayamwidwe" a quasi colonies "ophimbidwa ndi zopeka zamalamulo monga chitetezo, gawo lachikoka, State buffer, ndi zina zotero" ( 3). Ntchito yaku Persian yoperekedwa ndi Shah ku Iran mpaka 1979 ikuwonetsedwa lero ndi maulamuliro achiarabu kudera lonselo omwe udindo wawo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mayikowa akulamuliridwa mokomera, osati za anthu awo (monga mu demokalase), koma za demokalase. West ndi makasitomala ake osankhika. UK imasunga ubale wapamtima ndi Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, United Arab Emirates ndi Saudi Arabia, pomwe US โโimapereka thandizo lazachuma, lankhondo ndi ukazembe makamaka ku Egypt, Jordan ndi Saudi Arabia. Palibe maiko awa omwe angafotokozedwe ndendende ngati demokalase koma onse ndi ogwirizana nawo a West omwe amakonda ufulu. (Mlandu wa Israeli, pomwe anthu omwe si a Israeli omwe amakhala osaloledwa ndi lamulo amakanidwa mwadongosolo ufulu wawo wachibadwidwe ndi mgwirizano wa US, UK ndi mayiko ena akumadzulo akuyenera kukambirana mosiyana)
Chitsanzo cha Saudi Arabia chimayang'anitsitsa. Boma la Saudi limaletsa kutsutsa ndale, liribe zofalitsa zodziyimira pawokha ndipo - mwina mosadabwitsa chifukwa cha mbiri yake yodula anthu, kuzunzidwa ndi nkhanza zina - amaletsa mabungwe omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe ngati Amnesty International kuti asalowe mdzikolo. Komabe, pamene andale akumadzulo ndi olemba ndemanga akuima pamzere kuti adzudzule teokrase yopondereza ya Iran, njira yosiyana imatengedwa ku ulamuliro wa Saudi; teokrase pang'onopang'ono ngati wankhanza. Tony Blair wapeza nthawi yoti atsogolere ntchito yolimbikitsa demokalase ku Middle East kutamanda Saudi Arabia ngati "bwenzi lapadziko lonse lapansi lolimbana ndi uchigawenga" nanena kuti "mosakayika konse kuti m'tsogolo maubwenzi amenewo ndi ubalewu udzakhalapo. kukhala wamphamvu kwambiriรขโฌ . Kulimba kwa ubale womwe Prime Minister akutchula kukuwonetsedwa ndi mfundo yakuti boma la Saudi silimangopatsa Britain รขโฌลmisika yake yayikulu kwambiri yogulitsa chitetezo padziko lonse lapansiรขโฌ (polemba mawu a MoD) komanso, kwazaka zambiri, idakhala ndi misika yake yamkati. asilikali ophunzitsidwa ndi UK, nthawi zina ndi ndalama za boma la Britain.
Pobwereranso mwachidule ku nthawi ya Observer's ya kulankhula kwaufulu, titha kupereka lingaliro latsopano mumndandanda wanthawi zomwe zikhazikike patsogolo pa Ayatollah Khomeinei's 1989 fatwa motsutsana ndi Salman Rushdie. Mu 1988, bungwe lachipembedzo losankhidwa ndi ogwirizana athu aku Saudi linapereka fatwa yakeyake yovomereza kuphedwa kwa mamembala a zipani zotsutsa; ndithudi china chake chofunikira kwa ife chifukwa cha zopereka zathu zakuthupi ku mwayi wabwino wa akuluakulu aku Saudi omwe ali ndi udindo. Zowonadi, pofuna kufananiza mfundo zathu ndi zochita zathu, Wowonayo ayenera kuti anatchulanso kutamandidwa kwa maulamuliro omwe amadziwika kwambiri odana ndi demokalase padziko lonse lapansi monga โbwenzi labwinoโ la boma la Britain. munthu kuposa Prime Minister. Kodi izi sizinthu zodziwika bwino, kuchokera kumalingaliro aku Britain, m'mbiri yakulankhula mwaufulu? (4)
Kuphwanya รขโฌลmwambo waufulu ndi ufulu wa munthu aliyenseรขโฌ umene uli รขโฌลwapaderaรขโฌ kumayiko a Kumadzulo sikuli kokha ku ndondomeko zathu za ku Middle East. Ku Indonesia, dziko lachisilamu lomwe lili ndi anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, a Kumadzulo adathandizira wolamulira wankhanza Suharto mokondwera kwazaka zopitilira makumi atatu pomwe adapha otsutsa ake andale ndi omutsatira ndi mazana masauzande. Wina angafunse kuti chifukwa chiyani chikondi chaufulu chomwe chikuwoneka kuti chinali chokhazikika pazikhalidwe zathu zachitukuko sichinalowerere m'maboma osawerengeka osankhidwa ndi demokalase nthawi yonseyi?
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kuyerekeza mfundo zomwe timaziganizira ndi machitidwe athu enieni mwanjira imeneyi kumagwira ntchito ziwiri zofunika: choyamba, powunikira nthawi zomwe timalephera kutengera zomwe timadzitcha tokha komanso momwe tingakonzere; ndipo chachiwiri, powunikira mkangano womwe ulipo potilola ife kuzindikira momwe malo athu omwe alipo pa demokalase ndi ufulu wolankhula angawonedwe mu dziko lachi Islam. Anthu ambiri m'gulu lachisilamu padziko lonse lapansi sangazindikire kuti ufulu wolankhula womwe umanenedwa kukhala "wosakambirana" pojambula mneneri Muhammad watsimikizira, pamodzi ndi maufulu ena osawerengeka, kukhala oyenera kukambirana. ngati sichothekera kotheratu, pochirikiza unyinji wa maulamuliro aulamuliro ochirikizidwa kuchirikiza zofuna za Azungu kuyambira Kumpoto kwa Afirika kufikira Kummwera kwa Kumโmawa kwa Asia. Titawonetsa kufunikira koyambira kwa liberal-West / dogmatic-East dichotomy, titha tsopano kumaliza ndikuwunika mkangano wazojambula zaku Danish muzochitika zawo zandale, tili ndi chidziwitso chatsopano chamalingaliro achisilamu pankhaniyi.
Chofunikira koma chosayiwalika pamtsutso wapano ndi kulinganiza kwa mphamvu pakati pa Asilamu omwe akhumudwa ndi atolankhani omwe adafalitsa makatuni (komanso akuluakulu azandale omwe akuyimira). Ku Denmark, komwe mkangano udayambira, Asilamu ambiri amakhala ocheperako, akukumana ndi zovuta zopeza ntchito komanso kukhudzidwa kwambiri pazachuma. Mโdziko limene anthu odana ndi osamukira kumayiko ena ali pampando wa ndale, tsankho limachita mbali yaikulu podziลตa mmene Asilamu aku Denmark alili (mwachitsanzo, zikuoneka kuti phungu wina wa ku Denmark anafotokoza za kupezeka kwa Asilamu ku Denmark monga โkhansa. โ). Kwa ambiri a iwo, nkhaniyo imakhudza kwambiri ndale monga momwe imakhalira ndi chipembedzo. Makatuniwa ndi chisonyezero chowonekera cha tsankho chomwe chimakhudza kwambiri moyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo izi ndizofala m'ma ghetto ku Europe konse. Onjezani izi ku mbiri yakale ya mfundo zakunja zaku Western kumayiko ambiri achisilamu, mpaka komanso zovuta zazikulu zamasiku ano (Palestine, Iraq, Iran), komanso momwe zojambulazo zimawonekera kuchokera kumalingaliro achisilamu. zovuta kuphonya. Zojambulazo zimangowoneka mopanda malire pamilandu yochitidwa ndi maboma akumadzulo motsutsana ndi dziko lachi Islam, koma, m'mawu ake, ndi diso la puerile ndi lopanda pake - kuwonjezera kosafunikira kwa chipongwe china kuvulala chikwi.
Kaimidwe ka anthu ambiri m'manyuzipepala a ku Ulaya kwakhala kutsutsa molimba mtima kuopseza ziphunzitso zachipembedzo (ngakhale kulimba mtima koteroko kunali kochepa zaka zitatu zapitazo pamene pepala la Danish lomwe linasindikiza zithunzi za Muhammadi linakana kufalitsa zithunzithunzi za Khristu pa. zifukwa zoti โadzayambitsa mfuuโ). Chifukwa cha mphamvu pakati pa atolankhani ndi midzi ya Asilamu m'maiko akumadzulo, komanso pakati pa mayiko akumadzulo ndi dziko lachisilamu padziko lonse lapansi, kulimba mtima ndizovuta kuziganizira. Ngati atolankhani aku Europe anali ndi mbiri yolimba mu (a) kulemba maubwenzi pakati pa maboma awo ndi maulamuliro odziyimira pawokha kunja, ndi (b) kunena za kusowa kwa mwayi wazachuma komanso kuletsa ufulu wa anthu omwe amakumana ndi anthu apanyumba, kuphatikiza Asilamu poyamba ndi m'badwo wachiwiri osamukira kudziko lina, ndiye kuti kaimidwe kameneka kameneka kakuti ufulu uyenera kulemekezedwa. Apanso, gawo lamphamvu la nkhaniyi, loperekedwa mosiyana ndi akonzi a nyuzipepala omwe adasankha kufalitsa ma caricatures, silingalephereke. Munthu akhoza kuganiza za zinthu zochepa zochititsa chidwi kwambiri kuposa za anthu apamwamba omwe amakhudza machitidwe a ngwazi mwa kupirira molimba mtima nkhanza zowopsya za omwe akukhala pansi pa nsapato zawo.
Koma mwina chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakusindikizidwa kwa zojambulazo komanso kulimbikitsanso kwa ma dichotomies omwe akukambidwa pano ndi zotsatira zomwe adzakhale nazo pa nkhani yandale yomwe ikuchitika Kumadzulo ndi ndondomeko za boma zomwe zimachokera kapena kupeza zovomerezeka kudzera m'mawu. za nkhani imeneyo. Si zangochitika mwangozi kuti anthu amene amakamba nkhani zopeka za รขโฌลkulimbana kwachitukukoรขโฌ amawonetsanso "zina" zotsutsazo ngati mphamvu yomwe ikuwopseza kwambiri kuwononga "njira yathu ya moyo", motero amalimbikitsa dziko la US laukali. -Njira zotsogola zankhondo kudziko lonse lachisilamu. Zolankhula za Manichean zolimbikitsa malingaliro omasuka a รขโฌลmakhalidwe athuรขโฌ ndi kufunikira kowateteza kwa omwe "amadana ndi ufulu wathu" kwakhala kofunika kwambiri pakulimbikitsa nkhondo zaku Western mzaka zaposachedwa. Kuwona mfundo zamayiko akunja zomwe zikuwonetseredwa ngati zoyesayesa zongofuna kubweretsa chidziwitso ku zikhalidwe zakumbuyo, zotsika (ngati zachilendo), kapena kutiteteza kwa zikhalidwe, sikumatiyika kudera lomwe sitikulidziwa. Zowonadi, kugonjera pafupifupi nthawi zonse kumayendera limodzi ndi kuchotsera dala umunthu wa omwe akugonjetsedwa ndi omwe ali ndi udindo kapena omwe kuvomereza kwawo kuli kofunika pakuchitapo kanthu (5). Ndipo ponena za maubwenzi apabanja, zopereka zachindunji zoperekedwa ndi ziwonetsero za magulu ena a anthu monga otsika m'njira ina poyerekezera ndi kuzunzidwa kwa maguluwo ndi ambiri ndizochitikanso zomwe sizidziwika, makamaka ku Ulaya.
Monga Tariq Ramadan adatsindika munkhani yake ya LSE, kukambirana kofunikira pakati pa Asilamu ndi Azungu ndikotheka kwambiri. Mbiri yakale imasonyeza kuti mfundo za makhalidwe abwino za anthu za ufulu wa kulankhula, kulambira ndi chikumbumtima zaonekera mโzikhalidwe zonse ziลตirizo panthaลตi zosiyanasiyana, kumlingo waukulu kapena wocheperapo. Chotchinga cha zokambirana sichofunikira chotsutsana ndi machitidwe awiri otsutsana ndi diametrically. Ndiponso funso lenileni limene lilipo silili lakuti kaya ufulu wa kulankhula uyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi zofuna za ziphunzitso zachipembedzo. Mโmalo mwake, kwa ife monga Azungu, funso ndi lakuti ngati tidzapitirizabe kukhala ogwirizana kapena kuvomereza kukana ufulu kwa ena. Kukana kufalitsa ma caricatures, malinga ndi zochitika zandale zomwe nkhaniyi yakhalapo, sikungakhale kusagwirizana koma kutsimikiziridwa kwa makhalidwe omwe ife ku Ulaya timafuna kuti tizitsatira.
David Wearing ndiwothandizira nthawi zonse ku UK Watch, mkono waku Britain wa ZNet. Ndiwolembanso patsamba la The Democratรขโฌโขs Diary
zolemba
(1) Onani รขโฌลAmerican Holocaustรขโฌลyolemba David E. Stannard
(2) Kwa mawu a Huntingdon, Akbar ndi Ashoka awona รขโฌลThe Argumentative Indianรขโฌ lolembedwa ndi Amartya Sen. Pa mbiri ya Chisilamu onani รขโฌลIslam: A Short Historyรขโฌ lolemba Karen Armstrong. Kwa anthu omasuka, omwe amatsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ku America ndi Africa, onani Stannard ndi รขโฌลThe Good Empireรขโฌ lolemba Vivek Chibber, Boston Review February/March 2005.
(3) รขโฌลChaka cha 501: Kugonjetsa Kukupitirizaรขโฌ wolemba Noam Chomsky
(4) Kuti mumve za ubale waku Britain ndi Saudi Arabia ndi maulamuliro ena aku Middle East, komanso maubwenzi aku Western ndi apolisi achinsinsi a SAVAK aku Iran aku Iran komanso zina zambiri pakuukira kwa Iran, onani รขโฌลWeb of Deceit: Britain's Real Role. mu Worldรข โฌ ndi Mark Curtis.
(5) Wonani Stannard kaamba ka kukambitsirana kotheratu ponena za kunyonyotsoka kwa magulu obadwa kumene osakhala Achikristu ku Amereka ndi mbali yaikulu imene ichi chinachita mโkuthetsedwa kwawo ndi magulu a atsamunda a ku Ulaya kuyambira 1492 kupita mtsogolo.
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