Zaka zoposa 70 zapitazo, kuphulika kwa mankhwala kunayambika ku Washington State ndi Nevada. Unapha anthu, nyama, chilichonse chomera, chopuma mpweya, ndi kumwa madzi. Zilumba za Marshall zinakhudzidwanso. Chilumbachi chomwe kale chinali chabwino kwambiri cha Pacific chinatchedwa โmalo oipitsidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.โ Pamene makhansa awo amakula, ozunzidwa ndi kuyesa kwa atomiki ndi chitukuko cha zida za nyukiliya adalandira dzina: downwinder. Chomwe chinazindikiritsa tsoka lawo ndi mdima womwe adasungidwa kuti adziwe zomwe akuchitiridwa. Umboni wa kuvulazidwa unawagwera iwo, osati ku boma la US Mabungwe udindo.
Tsopano, m'badwo watsopano wa otsika akudwala pomwe makampani omwe akubwera akukankhira ukadaulo wotsatira wodabwitsa - pakadali pano, kuphulika kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa hydraulic fracturing. Kaya akukhala ku Texas, Colorado, kapena Pennsylvania, zizindikiro zawo nโzofanana: zidzolo, kutuluka magazi mโmphuno, kupweteka mutu kwambiri, kupuma movutikira, kupweteka mโmfundo, matenda a mโmimba, kulephera kukumbukira zinthu, ndi zina zambiri. โMalingaliro anga,โ akutero Yuri Gorby wa ku Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, โzomwe tikuwona zikuchitika ndivuto lalikulu la thanzi, lomwe langoyamba kumene.โ
Njira ya "fracking" imayamba ndikubowola mtunda wa kilomita imodzi kapena kuposerapo, kenaka kupita mozungulira m'mipangidwe ya shale yazaka 500 miliyoni, zotsalira za nyanja zomwe zidasefukira kumadera aku North America. Mamiliyoni mamiliyoni amadzi amadzi a mankhwala ndi mchenga amalowetsedwa pansi pazovuta kwambiri, ndikuphwanya shale ndikutulutsa methane yomwe ili nayo. Ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mpweya umenewo kumabwera magaloni masauzande a madzi oipitsidwa. Madzi a "flowback" awa ali ndi makemikolo oyambilira, kuphatikiza zitsulo zolemera ndi zinthu zotulutsa ma radio zomwe zimakwiriridwa bwino mu shale.
Makampani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu amatcha "gasi" wachilengedwe, koma palibe chachilengedwe pakutha zaka theka la biliyoni zosungirako zotetezedwa za methane ndi chilichonse chozungulira. M'malo mwake, ndizochitika zachiwawa zazachilengedwe zomwe zimazungulira malo achilendo - malo opangira ma compressor omwe amaphatikizira gasi wonyamula mapaipi, maiwe obwera ndi kachilomboka, milu yamoto yomwe imawotcha zonyansa zamagesi, magalimoto adizilo kuchuluka, mapaipi masauzande ambiri, ndi zina zambiri - zakhala zikufalikira kumidzi yaku America, kupopera ma carcinogens ndi poizoni m'madzi, mpweya, ndi nthaka.
Makumi asanu ndi limodzi mwa XNUMX aliwonse a Pennsylvania ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotchedwa Marcellus, ndipo chakhala chikuwoneka pamakampani opanga ma fracking kuyambira pamenepo. 2008. Mabungwe omwe akudyera masuku pamutu amabwera m'boma ndi ziyeneretso zaboma: kumasulidwa ku Air Air, Madzi Oyera, ndi Ntchito Zamadzi Oyera Akumwa, komanso Superfund Act, yomwe imafuna kuyeretsa zinthu zowopsa. Makampaniwa sayenera kutcha malita mabiliyoni a zinyalala zapachaka kuti โndizowopsa.โ M'malo mwake, amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "zinyalala zotsalira". Kuphatikiza apo, makampani opanga ma fracking amaloledwa kusunga chinsinsi mankhwala ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito.
Pennsylvania, nayonso, imawonjezera mwayi wake. Khomo lozungulira limatsekereza omwe kale anali aphungu, abwanamkubwa, ndi akuluakulu ochokera ku dipatimenti yoteteza zachilengedwe m'boma (DEP) kukhala malo ogulitsa gasi. DEP palokha tsopano ndi chinthu cha a mlandu omwe amaimba mlandu bungweli popanga malipoti achinyengo a labotale, ndiyeno kuwagwiritsa ntchito kuchotsera madandaulo a eni nyumba kuti mabungwe a gasi wa shale aipitsa madzi awo, kuwadwalitsa. Anthu omwe ndidawafunsana nawo ali ndi mayina awoawo a DEP: "Musamayembekezere Chitetezo."
The Downwinders
Randy Moyer ndi wazaka 49 wa nkhope yosangalatsa, wandevu zomwe zojambula zake zimakukumbutsani kuti Portage, kwawo kwa hardscrabble kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Pennsylvania, ndi gawo la Appalachia. Anagwira ntchito zaka 18 - mpaka mitengo ya mafuta idakwera kwambiri - kuyendetsa zida zake kuti ziwononge zinyalala ku New York ndi New Jersey. Ndiye zomwe zinkawoneka ngati mwayi waukulu zidadziwonetsera: $25 pa ola ndikugwirira ntchito kanyumba kakang'ono ka hydraulic-fracturing kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Pennsylvania.
Kuphatikiza pa kunyamula madzi ophwanyika, madzi, ndi zinyalala, Randy anachitanso zomwe zimatchedwa, popanda kuseketsa, "zachilengedwe." Anakwera m'mitsuko ikuluikulu kuti achotse mabwinja amadzimadzi. Anatsukanso mphasa zikulu-zikulu zomwe zinayalidwa mozungulira zitsimezo mpaka kufika pansi poti magalimoto amakwera. Makasi amenewo amakhutitsidwa ndi โmatope obowola,โ madzi owoneka bwino, odzaza ndi mankhwala omwe amathandizira pobowola mu shale. Chimene abwana ake sanamuuzepo chinali chakuti matope obowola, komanso madzi otayira ophwanyidwa, sali oopsa kwambiri, komanso. zowonongeka.
Mโbandakucha wa tsiku lozizira kwambiri mu November 2011, iye anaima mโbeseni lalikulu pamalo enaake, akutsuka mphasa 1,000 ndi mapaipi amphamvu kwambiri, ndipo ankapuma nthaลตi ndi nthaลตi kuti atenthetse mapazi ake mโgalimoto yake. "Ndinavula nsapato ndipo mapazi anga anali ofiira ngati phwetekere," adandiuza. Pamene mpweya wa chotenthetseracho unawawomba, iye โanangotsala pangโono kudutsa padenga.โ
Atafika kunyumba, anatsuka mapazi ake, koma ululu wake sunathe. โZiphuphuโ zimene zinaphimba mapazi ake posakhalitsa zinafalikira kumkango wake. Patatha chaka ndi theka, kutupa kwa khungu kumayambiranso. Mlomo wake wapamwamba umatupa mobwerezabwereza. Kangapo lilime lake linkatupa kwambiri moti analitsindikira pansi ndi supuni kuti azitha kupuma. "Ndakhala wokazinga kwa miyezi yopitilira 13 ndi zinthu izi," adandiuza kumapeto kwa Januware. โNdingolingalira momwe helo ulili. Ndikumva ngati ndikuyaka moto. โ
Abale ndi abwenzi adatengera Moyer kuzipinda zadzidzidzi kasachepera kanayi. Waonana ndi madokotala oposa 40. Palibe amene anganene chomwe chinayambitsa zidzolo, kapena mutu wake, migraines, kupweteka pachifuwa, ndi kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika, kapena kupweteka kwakuwombera kumbuyo ndi m'miyendo yake, kusawona bwino, vertigo, kukumbukira kukumbukira, phokoso loyera lokhazikika m'makutu ake, ndi mavuto opuma omwe amafunikira kuti azitha kubisa inhalers m'nyumba yake yaying'ono.
M'nthaลตi zakale, matenda a ogwira ntchito adalowa m'malo a "mankhwala a mafakitale." Koma masiku ano, zikafika ku US fracking industry, canaries sizongokhala ku migodi ya malasha. Anthu onga Randy amaoneka ngati akusonyezera zimene zimachitika pamene malo apoizoni sakhalanso okwiriridwa makilomita ambiri pansi pa dziko lapansi. Malo osungiramo mpweya amene zikuoneka kuti anamupatsa poizoni ali pafupi ndi madera otukuka. "Kwa pafupifupi makampani ena onse omwe ndingaganizire," akutero Anthony Ingraffea of Cornell University, coauthor of a landmark phunziro amene anakhazikitsa njira yaikulu ya gasi wotenthetsera mpweya wa fracking, โkuyambira kupanga utoto, kupanga chowotcha chowotchera, kumanga galimoto, mitundu yamalonda yamwambo imeneyi imachitika mโmalo opangira mafakitale, mโkati mwa nyumba, zotalikirana ndi nyumba ndi famu, zolekanitsidwa ndi sukulu.โ Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, makampani opanga gasi, iye akutero, โakutikakamiza kuti tipeze nyumba zathu, zipatala ndi masukulu mโkati mwa mafakitale awo.โ
Imfa ndi Moyo wa Little Rose
Rose wamng'ono anali hatchi yomwe Angel Smith ankakonda kwambiri. Wowona zanyama atamuveka, Angel adandiuza monyadira, adakweza ziboda zina atangomaliza kumene. "Ukufuna kudya, Rosie?" Angel ankafunsa, ndipo Rosie ankagwedeza mutu wake. "Mukutsimikiza?" Angel ankangoseka, ndipo Rosie ankakweza mwendo wake wapatsogolo nโkumagwedeza mano ake. Ku Clearville, kumwera kwa Portage, Angel anakwera Little Rose m'magulu, atanyamula mbendera ya ku America ya banjali.
Mu 2002, "munthu wapamtunda" anagogoda pachitseko ndikupempha Angel ndi mwamuna wake Wayne kuti abwereke ufulu wa gasi wa famu yawo ya maekala 115 kukhala kampani yamagetsi ya San Francisco. PG & E. (Pacific Gas & Electric.) Poyamba, iye anali waulemu, koma kenako anayamba kupezerera anzawo. โAnansi anu onse asayina. Mukapanda kutero, tingoyamwa gasi pansi pa nthaka yanuyo.โ Mwina chifukwa chotopa komanso kusowa kwa chidziwitso (pafupifupi palibe amene ali kunja kwa mafakitale ndiye amadziwa chilichonse chokhudza kuphulika kwa ma hydraulic fracturing), adavomereza. Kubowola kunayamba mu 2002 pa malo oyandikana nawo ndipo mu 2005 pa Smith's.
Pa Januware 30, 2007, Little Rose adazandima, adagwa, ndipo sanathe kudzuka. Miyendo yake inkayenda monjenjemera. Pamene Wayne ndi Angel anamukokera iye pa mpando, iye amangokomoka kachiwiri. Angel anati: โNdinaimbira dokotala aliyense mโbuku la mafoni. Onse anati, 'Mponyeni.'โ Banjali silinapirire kutero. Patapita masiku awiri, mnansi wina anamuwombera. "Kunali kusankha kwathu," akutero Angel, mawu ake osamveka. Anali bwenzi langa lapamtima.
Posakhalitsa, ng'ombe za a Smith zinayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro zofanana. Zosafa zinayamba kuchotsa mimba kapena kubala ana a ngโombe akufa. Nkhuku zonse zinafanso. Anateronso amphaka a khola. Momwemonso agalu atatu okondedwa, osakalamba, onse athanzi kale. A 2012 phunziro Wolemba Michelle Bamberger ndi pulofesa wa zamankhwala ku Yunivesite ya Cornell Robert Oswald akuwonetsa kuti, m'malo opangira mpweya, izi ndizizindikiro za nyama ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati chenjezo la matenda omwe amabwera pambuyo pake eni ake.
A Smiths adafunsa a DEP kuti ayese madzi awo. Bungweli lidawauza kuti ndi bwino kumwa, koma Angel Smith akuti kuyesedwa kotsatira ndi ofufuza a Pennsylvania State University kunawonetsa kuchuluka kwa arsenic.
Panthawiyi, banjali lidayamba kudwala mutu, kutuluka magazi m'mphuno, kutopa, kukhosi ndi maso, komanso kupuma movutikira. Mimba ya Wayne inayamba kutupa modabwitsa, ngakhale Angel akuti, sali wolemera. Ma X-ray a m'mapapo ake adawonetsa zipsera ndi ma depositi a calcium. Kupenda magazi kunavumbula matenda a chiwindi. "Muthandizeni kuti asiye kumwa mowa," adatero dotolo yemwe adamukokera pambali Angel zotsatira zitabwera. "Wayne samamwa," adayankha. Ngakhalenso Angel, yemwe ali ndi zaka 42 tsopano ali ndi matenda a chiwindi.
Pamene nyamazo zinkayamba kufa, zitsime zisanu zamphamvu kwambiri zinali zitabowoledwa pamalo oyandikana nawo. Posakhalitsa, madzi anayamba kusefukira pansi pa nkhokwe yawo ndipo padziwe pawo padatuluka chinyezi chamafuta ndi thovu. Mu 2008, malo opangira compressor adamangidwa pamtunda wa kilomita imodzi. Malowa, omwe amapondereza gasi kuti ayendetse mapaipi, amatulutsa ma carcinogen odziwika komanso poizoni monga benzene ndi toluene.
A Smiths akuti anthu omwe amawadziwa kwina ku Clearville akhala ndi matenda ofanana, monganso nyama zawo. Kwa nthawi ndithu ankaganiza kuti mavuto a ziweto zawo atha, koma mโmwezi wa February ngโombe zingapo zinataya mimba. Banjali likufuna kusamuka, koma silingathe. Palibe amene adzagule malo awo.
Museum of Fracking
Mosiyana ndi a Smiths, David ndi Linda Headley sanabwereke malo awo. Mu 2005, atagula famu yawo ku Smithfield, adasankha kusalipira ufulu wa gasi pansi pa nthaka yawo. Kubowola kwa gasi wozama komwe makolo awo ankadziwa kunkawoneka ngati zakale ndipo ndalama zake sizinkawoneka ngati zoyenera.
Ndi mapiri ake ndi zigwa, mtsinje wodutsa m'dziko lawo, ndi kasupe amene amawapatsa madzi, dzikolo linkawoneka ngati labwino kukwera maulendo, kusambira, ndi kulera mwana wawo Grant. Adamu anabadwa mavuto onse atayamba.
Banjali litangomaliza kugula, zipolopolozo zinalowa m'nyumbamo. Mwiniwake woyambayo anali atabwereketsa gasi popanda kuwauza. Ndipo kotero iwo anadzipeza okha, monga iwo adzanenera pambuyo pake, โosamaliraโ chabe pa malo akampani.
Masiku ano, katundu wa Headleys ndi mtundu wa museum wa fracking. Pali zitsime zisanu, zonse zokhala ndi akasinja olekanitsa zamadzimadzi ndi gasi, ndi thanki yamadzi momwe madzi obwerera amasungidwa. Zinayi mwa zitsimezo zimakhala zoyima pang'ono, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa fracking womwe udalipo kale masiku ano. Kuyenda mphindi zingapo kuchokera pakhomo lakumaso kwa Headleys kuli chitsime champhamvu kwambiri. Paipi inabowoleredwa pansi pa mtsinje wawo.
"Ngozi" zakhala zikuchitika nthawi zonse. Pamene chitsime chapafupi ndi nyumbacho chinangโambika, kasupe wawo, wodzala ndi zomera, nkhanu, ndi tizilombo, anaipa. A DEP adauza a Headleys, monga adachitira a Smiths, kuti madzi akadali abwino kumwa. Koma David anati: โPakasupe zonse zinafa, nโkukhala zoyera. Adamu anali atangobadwa kumene. "Palibe njira yomwe ndimawonetsera ana anga." Kwa zaka ziwiri ankanyamula madzi kupita nawo kunyumbako kuchokera kunyumba za achibale awo ndi anzake ndipo kenako ankawalumikiza kunjira yolowera madzi mumzinda.
Matanki onse amadzi atayira zinyalala zapoizoni padziko la Headley. Dothi loipitsidwa lozungulira thanki yamphamvu kwambiri lasungidwa mosinthana mu zinyalala ndi dzenje lotseguka pafupi ndi chitsime. A Headley adapempha DEP kuti ichotsedwe. David akuti woimira bungweli adawauza kuti zinyalala zimayenera kuyesedwa kaye ngati pali ma radioactivity. Potsirizira pake, zina za izo zinakokedwa; ena onse anakwiriridwa pansi pa dziko la Headleys. Mayeso a radioactivity akuyembekezerabe, ngakhale David ali ndi kauntala yake ya Geiger yomwe yayeza milingo yayikulu pamalo a chitsime.
Bungwe loyima palokha zachilengedwe, Zochitika zapadziko lapansi, anaphatikiza a Headleys pakati pa mabanja 55 omwe adawafunsa posachedwa phunziro za mavuto azaumoyo pafupi ndi malo opangira gasi. Kuyesedwa kunawonetsa zonyansa zambiri mumlengalenga wa Headleys, kuphatikiza kloromethaneneurotoxin, ndi trichloroethene, kansa yodziwika bwino.
Mwina chochititsa chidwi kwambiri nโchakuti aliyense mโbanjamo amadwala. Grant wazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri ali ndi zidzolo zomwe, monga za Randy Moyer, zimawonekera nthawi ndi nthawi pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za thupi lake. Adam wazaka zinayi akudwala matenda opweteka m'mimba omwe amamupangitsa kukuwa. David akuti iye ndi Linda onse anali ndi โmafupa opweteka kwambiri. Ndi zinthu zodabwitsa, chigongono chako chakumanzere, chiuno chakumanja, ndiye kuti umva bwino kwa masiku atatu, ndipo udzakhala msana wako. Ali ndi zaka 42, popanda mbiri yakale ya banja la nyamakazi kapena mphumu, Linda adapezeka ndi zonsezi. Aliyense wakhala akutuluka magazi m'mphuno - kuphatikizapo akavalo.
Zaka zisanu mukuyenda kwa gasi wa Marcellus kudera lino la Pennsylvania, zizindikiro monga Randy Moyer's, Smiths ', ndi Headleys' zikuchulukirachulukira. Ana akukumana ndi mavuto omwe achinyamata sakhala nawo, monga kupweteka kwa mafupa ndi kuiwala. Matenda ndi imfa za nyama zili ponseponse. Kafukufuku wa Earthworks akuwonetsa kuti kukhala pafupi ndi malo opangira mpweya kumawonjezera kuopsa kwa zizindikiro zodziwika bwino 25, kuphatikiza zotupa pakhungu, kupuma movutikira, komanso nseru.
Musayembekezere Chitetezo
Othandizira a DEP ali nawo adaululidwa kuti bungweli limaletsa dala kuyesa kwake kwa mankhwala kuti achepetse umboni wowopsa kwa eni minda. Wokhala kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Pennsylvania ku Washington County akuimba mlandu bungweli chifukwa cholephera kufufuza mokwanira za kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya ndi madzi komwe akuti kwamudwalitsa. Pankhani ya mlanduwu, nthumwi ya boma la Democratic Jesse White yati mabungwe aboma ndi maboma afufuze za DEP za "Zolakwa ndi chinyengo."
Popanda chitetezo chenicheni cha boma, asayansi odziimira okha asiyidwa kuti akwaniritse kusiyana. Koma pamene bizinesi ikupita patsogolo, kufananiza zizindikiro ndi zomwe zingayambitse ndikuyesa kosalekeza. A 2011 phunziro ndi Theo Colborn, woyambitsa wa Kusintha kwa Endocrine Disruption ndi wolandira National Council for Science and Environment's Lifetime Achievement Award, adazindikira 353 mankhwala amakampani omwe angawononge khungu, ubongo, kupuma, m'mimba, chitetezo cha mthupi, mtima, ndi endocrine (kupanga mahomoni). Makumi awiri ndi asanu peresenti ya mankhwala omwe apezeka ndi kafukufukuyu angayambitse khansa.
David Brown ndi katswiri wakale wamankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mlangizi wa bungwe lodziyimira pawokha lazachilengedwe, Southwest Pennsylvania Environmental Health Project. Malingana ndi iye, pali njira zinayi zowonetsera mankhwala a gasi: madzi, mpweya, nthaka, ndi chakudya. M'mawu ena, pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe chatizungulira.
Kukumana ndi madzi kumabwera chifukwa chakumwa, koma kusamba ndi kusamba kumapangitsa kuti madzi ayambe kutuluka pakhungu ndi pokoka mpweya wamadzi. Brown anati: โKuyenda pamlengalenga nโkovuta kwambiri. Zotsatira za mpweya woipitsidwa, mwachitsanzo, zimakhala zazikulu panthawi yochita zinthu zolemetsa. โAna othamanga,โ iye akutero, โali okhoza kuululika kuposa achikulire.โ Chomwe chikuvutitsanso toxicology yomwe ikubwerayi ndikuti mankhwala samagwira ntchito ngati amodzi koma mogwirizana. โKupezeka kwa chinthu chimodzi,โ akutero Brown, โkukhoza kuonjezera kawopsedwe ka wina kangapo.โ
Brown akudandaula za kulephera kwa boma kumvera kulira kwa nzika zopempha thandizo. โPalibe amene akufunsa kuti, โKodi munatani? Kodi pali anthu ena amene akhudzidwa m'dera lanu?' Ndimaphunzitsa zamakhalidwe. Pali mulingo wamakhalidwe abwino omwe tiyenera kukhala nawo mdziko lonse. Tikuwoneka kuti tasankha kuti tikufuna mphamvu kwambiri ... kotero kuti tazindikira anthu ndi malo oti apereke nsembe.
Magulu Odalirika
Palibe amene ndidafunsana naye m'madera omwe adakhudzidwa ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Pennsylvania amamwanso madzi awo. M'malo mwake, ndinayamba kuganiza za nkhani ya Poland Spring ngati mphatso yabwino yapanyumba kuposa vinyo aliyense (ndipo sindinali ndekha). Kupuma mpweya kuli mu chilengedwe chosiyana cha chiopsezo. Simungathe kuyika mpweya wabwino m'botolo, koma mutha kupereka zoyeretsa mpweya, monga momwe wofunsidwa wina, yemwe amakonda kusatchulidwa, wakhala akuchita.
Ganizirani za iye monga mlengi wa zomwe mnzanga watsopano waku Pennsylvania amachitcha "magulu okhulupirira." Makampani opanga magetsi amagawanitsa anthu ndi mabanja kukhala magulu omenyana. Udani woterewu ndi wosavuta kupeza, koma pakati pa tsoka ndidapezanso kuthandizirana ndikuyambiranso kuyendetsa kwa anthu kuti agwirizane.
Ron Gulla, wogulitsa zida zolemera za John Deere, amatengeka ndi ukali kukampani yomwe idawononga nthaka yake - famu yake inali yachiwiri ku Pennsylvania kuphwanyidwa - komanso chifukwa chokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nthaka: "Famu ili ngati kulera mbewu. mwana. Mumausamalira, mumausamalira, ndipo mumadziwa pakakhala mavuto.โ
Gulla akuyamikira Barbara Arindell, woyambitsa bungwe loyamba la anti-fracking, Pennsylvania's Nzika za Damasiko Zokhazikika, ndi kumuphunzitsa za kuopsa kwa zoyesayesa zamakampani. Tsopano, iye ndi munthu wapakati pagulu lomwe likukulirakulirabe la anthu omwe akukhala madocumentar awo. Aliyense amene ndinamufunsa anatulutsa maumboni oti andisonyeze: zithunzi, makanema, malipoti a nkhani, ndi zolemba zawo zomwe zachitika.
Komanso, mโkati mwa kupsinjika maganizo kosalekeza, ambiri akhala ochirikiza. Linda Headley ndi Ron Gulla, mwachitsanzo, adayenda ndi anthu ena aku Pennsylvania kupita ku Albany mwezi watha wa February kuti akachenjeze akuluakulu a New York State kuti asavomereze fracking. โAnthu ambiri anena kuti, โBwanji osangochokapo?โโ akutero Gulla. โ[Koma] ndinaleredwa kuganiza kuti ngati pali chinachake cholakwika, mumachidziwitsa anthu.โ โ
David Headley anati: โMuyenera kukhulupirira kuti zinthu zimachitika pa chifukwa. "Zimakopa anthu ambiri omwe sitinkawadziwa kale. Muli ndi misonkhano iyi, ndipo mukumenyera [chifukwa] chimodzi ndipo mukumva kuti muli pafupi kwambiri ndi anthu omwe mukugwira nawo ntchito. Kuphatikizapo inu anyamata, atolankhani. Zatipanga kukhala banja lalikulu. Zoonadi. Mukuganiza kuti muli nokha, ndipo wina akutulukira. Nthawi zonse Mulungu amatumiza angelo.โ
Komabe, musalakwitse: ili ndi vuto lowopsa komanso lomwe likukulirakulira paumoyo wa anthu. "Kungosamutsa midzi yonse kapena kuletsa kuthamangitsidwa, kuthetsa kuwulutsidwa ndi ndege sikungatheke," a David Brown adatero mukulankhula kwaposachedwa ku New York State. "Chosankha chathu chokha ku Washington County ... ndikuyesa kupeza njira zothandizira anthu kuti achepetse kuwonekera kwawo ndikuwachenjeza pamene mpweya uli woopsa kwambiri kupuma."
M'malo omwe boma likulephera kupereka chitetezo kwa omwe akukhala m'malo osasinthika, odzipereka, akatswiri ngati a Brown, ndi mabungwe omwe angotsala kumene monga Southwest Pennsylvania Environmental Health Project akhala oteteza thanzi la nzika. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa omwe akukhudzidwa ndi ngozi, kuphatikiza Angel ndi Wayne Smith, akusumiranso mabungwe agasi. "Ngati ndingathe kubwerera ku 2000, ndikanawawonetsa mathero a njira ndikunena kuti, 'Musabwerere,'โ Angel anandiuza. Koma ife tiri mmenemo tsopano. Menyani ndi kupita patsogolo. "
Ellen Cantarow analemba koyamba kuchokera ku Israel ndi West Bank mu 1979. A TomDispatch nthawi zonse, zolemba zake zasindikizidwa Village Voice, Grand Street, Mayi Jones, Alternet, Counterpunch, ndi ZNet, ndipo amavomerezedwa ndi South End Press. Ndiwolemba wamkulu komanso mkonzi wamkulu wa oral history trilogy, Kusuntha Phiri: Azimayi Akugwira Ntchito Zosintha Anthu.
Nkhaniyi idayamba kupezeka TomDispatch.com. Pulogalamu ya American Empire Project, Mlembi wa Mapeto a Chikhalidwe Chogonjetsa, monga za novel, Masiku Otsiriza a Kusindikiza. Buku lake laposachedwa ndi The American Way of War: Momwe Nkhondo Za Bush Zinakhalira za Obama (Mabuku a Haymarket).
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