Scarlett Bain: Kodi tikutanthauza chiyani tikamalankhula za Global South?
Vijay Prashad: Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research, yomwe ndimawongolera, yangotulutsa kumene a phunziro wotchedwa Hyper-Imperialism: Njira Yatsopano Yowopsa Yowonongeka. Mu phunziro ili, tikupita mwatsatanetsatane za malingaliro a Global South ndi Global North. Kusanthula kwathu kukuwonetsa kuti Global North imagwira ntchito ngati bloc, yokonzedwa ndi mitundu itatu yosiyana - G7, NATO, ndi network of Intelligence Eyes network. The Global South, kumbali ina, ikhoza kumveka bwino ngati maiko omwe ali ogwirizana ndi zinthu zochepa (mbiri ya atsamunda, chikhalidwe cha ngongole, mbiri ya mgwirizano mu Third World Project) koma zomwe siziri. ayenera kukhala ndi mgwirizano wokhazikika pamagulu aliwonse ankhondo, azachuma, kapena anzeru. Global South ndi msonkhano osati bloc.
Ndi chiyani chomwe chikubweretsa maikowa pamodzi ku Global South?
Maiko awa a Global South ndi ogwirizana ndi zomwe ndatchula pamwambapa (mbiri ya atsamunda, chikhalidwe cha ngongole, mbiri ya mgwirizano mu Ntchito ya Third World). Chomwe chimawabweretsa palimodzi munthawi ino sizinthu izi, ngakhale zimapanga maziko a mgwirizano womwe ukubwera. Chomwe chimawabweretsa pamodzi ndikutayika kwa kuvomerezeka kwa Global North kuyambira chiyambi cha Third Great Depression ku 2007, komwe kudabwera limodzi ndi kutsika kovomerezeka chifukwa cha nkhondo yosaloledwa ndi Iraq ndipo kenako kutsatiridwa ndi kuwonongedwa kopanda pake kwa Libya ndi United States ndi France.
Kutayika kovomerezeka kumeneku kudabwera limodzi ndi kuwonekera kwa mwayi woperekedwa ndi zotsalira zaku China zomwe zidasinthidwanso kumayiko aku Africa, Asia, ndi Latin America kudzera mu Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Bungwe la BRI - mosiyana ndi International Monetary Fund ndi magwero ena a ndalama za Kumadzulo - amaika patsogolo pa zomangamanga osati kubweza mwamsanga kwa Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), kulola chitukuko cha nthawi yaitali kusiyana ndi kupha ndalama ndi 'ndalama zowotcha'.
Kuphatikizika kwa kutayika kwa kuvomerezeka kwa Global North ndi kuthekera kwakufika kwa China padziko lonse lapansi kudapanga 'malingaliro atsopano' ku Global South.
Kodi zolinga za Global South ndi zotani?
Pakadali pano, zomwe tikuwona ndi 'mood yatsopano' ku Global South. Zolinga zazikuluzikulu zimachokera m'magulu awiri - chigawo ndi mayiko ambiri, malingaliro onse omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi chikhumbo chofuna kukhazikitsa demokalase pazachuma ndi ndale. Kuchokera ku Shanghai Cooperation Organisation kupita ku Southern Common Market (Mercosur), chigawo ichi chikupangidwa kale, ndipo tsopano ndi chidwi chochulukirapo pamalonda amalonda amtundu wamba, chigawo ichi ndi chotheka.
Zogwirizana ndi chigawochi ndikukulitsa lingaliro la multilateralism, chikhulupiriro chakuti mabungwe apadziko lonse (UN, WTO) sayenera kukhala zida za Global North koma ayenera kulola kuti ndondomeko yawo ipangidwe ndi mayiko onse omwe ali mamembala a mabungwewa. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, cholinga chachikulu apa ndi demokalase yeniyeni ya chuma cha dziko lonse lapansi ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi.
Kodi mphamvu za Global South zatsala pang'ono kusokoneza dongosolo ladziko lomwe lakhazikitsidwa?
M'malo mwake, 'mawonekedwe atsopano' ku Global South komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa chuma cham'madera komanso kukonzanso gawo la mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi akugwedeza kale dongosolo lomwe lakhazikitsidwa. Kukana kugwadira kukakamizidwa ndi Global North pankhondo yaku Ukraine kapena pankhondo yaku Israeli yolimbana ndi a Palestine (kuphatikiza gawo la South Africa pobweretsa Israeli ku Khothi Lalikulu Lachilungamo) kukuwonetsa kuti 'kugwedezeka' uku kukuchitika kale m'malo mwake. kuposa chinthu choyenera kuyembekezera. Ndikukhulupirira kuti iyi ndi njira yosasinthika komanso kuti chida chokhacho chomwe Global North iyenera kuteteza izi ndi nkhondo.
Pakadali pano, monga Tricontinental akuwonetsa mu kafukufuku wathu watsopano (Hyper-Imperialism), maiko a NATO ndi ogwirizana nawo amawononga magawo atatu mwa magawo atatu aliwonse ankhondo padziko lonse lapansi. Izi ndizosautsa ndipo zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zokambirana zankhondo zowopsa kwambiri, zokambirana za zilango ndi nkhondo, zolimbana m'malo mochita mgwirizano.
Kodi Global South ili ndi gawo lofunikira pothetsa mikangano yomwe ilipo?
Mikangano yomwe ilipo pano - tinene ku Ukraine kapena motsutsana ndi ma Palestine - ndi zolengedwa zamwano wa Global North. Kodi chinali chosowa chotani kuti NATO idzikanikize pafupi ndi malire a Russia ngakhale malonjezano adapangidwa panthawi yolumikizananso ku Germany? Ndicho chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chinayambitsa nkhondo ku Ukraine. Kodi ndi ndani omwe ali ofunikira kwambiri kuti atsankho a Israeli azilanda ma Palestine, ndani koma Global North? The Global South - kaya kudzera mu BRICS 10 kapena Gulu la Anzake mu Chitetezo cha Charter ya UN - yapempha kuti kuthetsedwe, kukambirana, ndi chitukuko, koma maganizo awo sakupatsidwa nthawi iliyonse ya airtime ndi zofalitsa zomwe zili ku Global North.
Ku Ulaya, mwachitsanzo, kuyitanidwa kulikonse koletsa kumenyana ku Ukraine kumatchedwa kuti ndi malo olankhula Chirasha, ngakhale mafoniwa akuchokera ku Brazil kapena South Africa; kulephera kumvera Global South panthawiyi ndikuimba mlandu Global South kuti ikulephera kupanga malingaliro ake, ndi gawo la cholowa cha North Atlantic cha utsamunda ndi tsankho. Maitanidwe owona mtima oti athetse nkhondo amachotsedwa mwamwano kwambiri ndi atsogoleri a ku Ulaya ndi a US, omwe ndi omwe akufuna kuti mikangano ipitirire. Izi zikukulitsa kusowa kwa kuvomerezeka kwa atsogoleriwa pamaso pa mabiliyoni ambiri ku Global South.
Kodi ndizosangalatsa ku Europe kuyang'ana kumwera kwapadziko lonse lapansi?
Europe iyenera kuvomereza kuti sipakatikati pa dziko lapansi. Ku Europe kuli anthu ochepera 10 peresenti ya anthu padziko lapansi. Ndipo komabe akuluakulu ake olamulira amachita ngati akuyendetsa dziko. Maganizo amtunduwu ndi atsankho kwambiri komanso autsamunda. Anthu a ku Ulaya ayenera kukana maganizo amenewa ndi kuvomereza mfundo yakuti amagawana dzikoli ndi anthu mabiliyoni ambiri komanso kuti iwo sali apamwamba kuposa wina aliyense. M'zaka pambuyo pa kuyambika kwa Kuvutika Kwakukulu Kwachitatu, mayiko a ku Ulaya anayamba kugwirizanitsa ndi Russia (kudzera mu kugula mphamvu) ndi China (kudzera mu BRI). Izi zidadetsa nkhawa anthu apamwamba ku United States, komanso m'maiko ena aku Europe. Adalimbikitsa Nkhondo Yatsopano Yolimbana ndi China (poyamba kuzungulira Huawei) kenako adathamangitsa kusamvana kwawo ndi Russia kunkhondo yotentha ku Ukraine. Zochitika izi - Nkhondo Yatsopano Yozizira ndi nkhondo yotentha ku Ukraine - zachititsa kuti Ulaya adzilekanitse kuchokera pamene dziko lapansi lili pakati pa mphamvu yokoka, ku Asia.
Izi zachititsa kuti anthu a ku Ulaya akhale owopsa, chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mitengo yamtengo wapatali komanso jingoism ikuzungulira anthu a ku Ulaya. Anthu a ku Ulaya amafunikira mapulojekiti atsopano omwe amayambitsa chitukuko chawo pa chitukuko cha dziko lonse lapansi, ndikuphunzira kugwirizana ndi Global South kuthetsa mavuto a dziko lapansi (kuphatikizapo tsoka la nyengo) m'malo mowononga chuma chamtengo wapatali pa nkhondo ndi kutiyendetsa. ku chitukuko cha kulimbana.
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