Pa Seputembara 9, 2023, pamsonkhano wa G20 ku New Delhi, maboma a mayiko asanu ndi awiri ndi European Union. inayinidwa memorandum of understanding kupanga India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor. Mayiko atatu okha (India, Saudi Arabia, ndi United Arab Emirates kapena UAE) ndi omwe angakhale mbali ya njira iyi, yomwe imayenera kuyamba ku India, kudutsa Gulf, ndi kutha ku Greece. Mayiko a ku Ulaya (France, Germany, ndi Italy) komanso European Union adalowa nawo ntchitoyi chifukwa amayembekezera kuti IMEC ikhala njira yogulitsira katundu wawo kupita ku India komanso kuti athe kupeza katundu waku India, zomwe amayembekezera. kukhala, mtengo wotsika.
United States, yomwe inali m'modzi mwa oyambitsa IMEC, idakankhira ngati njira yodzipatula ku China ndi Iran komanso kufulumizitsa kukhazikika kwa ubale pakati pa Israeli ndi Saudi Arabia. Zinkawoneka ngati chida chabwino kwambiri ku Washington: kuthamangitsa China ndi Iran, kubweretsa Israeli ndi Saudi Arabia palimodzi, ndikukulitsa ubale ndi India womwe umawoneka kuti wafooketsedwa chifukwa chakusafuna kwa India kulowa nawo United States pamalingaliro ake okhudza Russia.
Nkhondo ya Israeli pa Palestine ku Gaza yasintha equation yonse ndikuyimitsa IMEC. Tsopano ndizosatheka kuti Saudi Arabia ndi United Arab Emirates alowe nawo ntchito yotereyi ndi Israeli. Lingaliro la anthu m'mayiko achiarabu ndi lotentha kwambiri, ndi mkwiyo woyaka chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa mabomba mopanda tsankho kwa Israeli komanso kutayika koopsa kwa moyo wa anthu wamba. Maiko am'madera omwe ali ndi ubale wapamtima ndi Israeli-monga Jordan ndi Turkey-ayenera kuumitsa mawu awo motsutsana ndi Israeli. M'kanthawi kochepa, ndizosatheka kulingalira kukhazikitsidwa kwa IMEC.
Pivot ku Asia
Zaka ziwiri dziko la China lisanakhazikitse "One Belt, One Road" kapena Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), United States inali itakonza kale njira yamalonda yothandizidwa ndi mabungwe apadera kuti alumikizane ndi India ku Europe ndikulimbitsa mgwirizano pakati pa Washington ndi New. Delhi. Mu 2011, mlembi wa boma wa US Hillary Clinton adapereka malankhulidwe ku Chennai, India, komwe adalankhula za kupangidwa kwa Njira Yatsopano ya Silika yomwe idzayambira ku India kupita ku Pakistan ndi ku Central Asia. "Ukonde wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi maulalo olumikizirana pazachuma ndi zoyendera" ungakhale chida choti dziko la United States likhazikitse bwalo latsopano la maboma ndi "malo ochita malonda aulere" momwe United States ingakhale membala (mofanana ndi momwe amachitira. United States ndi gawo la Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation kapena APEC).
New Silk Road inali gawo la "pivot to Asia" yokulirapo, monga momwe Purezidenti wa US Barack Obama adanenera. "Pivot" iyi idapangidwa kuti iwonetse kukwera kwa China ndikuletsa kukopa kwake ku Asia. Clinton ndi nkhani mu Foreign Policy (โAmerica's Pacific Century,โ October 11, 2011) ananena kuti New Silk Road iyi sinali wotsutsana ndi China. Komabe, mawu awa a "pivot" adabwera pamodzi ndi nkhondo yatsopano ya AirSea ya asitikali aku US. lingaliro zomwe zidapangidwa mozungulira mkangano wachindunji pakati pa United States ndi China (lingaliro lomangidwa pa Pentagon ya 1999 phunziro yotchedwa "Asia 2025" yomwe inanena kuti "zowopsa zili ku Asia").
Patatha zaka ziwiri, boma la China lidati limanga ntchito yayikulu yomanga ndi malonda yotchedwa "One Belt, One Road," yomwe pambuyo pake idzatchedwa Initiative Belt ndi Road (BRI). Pazaka khumi zotsatira, kuyambira 2013 mpaka 2023, ndalama za BRI zidakwana $1.04 thililiyoni anafalikira m'mayiko 148 (magawo atatu mwa magawo atatu a mayiko padziko lapansi). Munthawi yochepayi, ntchito ya BRI yachita chidwi kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka kumayiko osauka a Africa, Asia, ndi Latin America, komwe BRI yapanga ndalama zomanga zomangamanga ndi mafakitale.
Atadzudzulidwa ndi kukula kwa BRI, United States idayesa kuyiletsa kudzera mu zida zosiyanasiyana: the Amรฉrica Crece kwa Latin America ndi Malingaliro a kampani Millennium Challenge Corporation kwa South Asia. Chofooka pa zoyesayesazi chinali chakuti onse adadalira ndalama zochokera kumakampani omwe alibe chidwi.
Zovuta za IMEC
Ngakhale kuphulitsidwa kwa Israeli ku Gaza kusanachitike, IMEC idakumana ndi zovuta zingapo.
Choyamba, kuyesa kudzipatula ku China kumawoneka ngati konyenga, chifukwa doko lalikulu lachi Greek lomwe lili mumsewu - ku Piraeus - ndi. anakwanitsa ndi China Ocean Shipping Corporation, komanso kuti madoko a Dubai ali ndi zambiri Msungidwe kuchokera ku doko la China la Ningbo-Zhoushan ndi Zhejiang Seaport. Saudi Arabia ndi UAE tsopano ndi mamembala a BRICS +, ndipo maiko onsewa akutenga nawo gawo mu Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.
Chachiwiri, ndondomeko yonse ya IMEC imadalira ndalama zamagulu apadera. Gulu la Adani - lomwe limagwirizana kwambiri ndi Prime Minister waku India Narendra Modi ndipo lidalowa pansi kuwala zachinyengoโndi eni ake kale Mundra port (Gujarat, India) ndi Haifa port (Israeli), ndipo akufuna kutenga a gawo pa doko ku Piraeus. Mwanjira ina, korido ya IMEC ikupereka chivundikiro chazandale zandalama za Adani kuchokera ku Greece kupita ku Gujarat.
Chachitatu, msewu wapanyanja pakati pa Haifa ndi Piraeus umadutsa m'madzi omwe amatsutsana pakati pa Turkey ndi Greece. Izi "Aegean Dispute" zakwiyitsa boma la Turkey kuti kuopseza nkhondo ngati Greece idutsa ndi mapangidwe ake.
Chachinayi, ntchito yonseyi idadalira "kukhazikika" pakati pa Saudi Arabia ndi Israeli, kukulitsa mgwirizano wa Abraham Accords womwe udakopa Bahrain, Morocco, ndi United Arab Emirates kuti zitheke. dziwani Israel mu Ogasiti 2020. Mu Julayi 2022, India, Israel, United Arab Emirates, ndi United States adapanga Gulu la I2U2, ndi cholinga, mwa zina, "kukonzanso zomangamanga" komanso "kupititsa patsogolo njira zachitukuko za carbon low" kudzera "Private Enterprise Partnerships." Ichi chinali kalambulabwalo wa IMEC. Ngakhale "kukhazikika" ndi Saudi Arabia kapena kupita patsogolo kwa njira ya I2U2 pakati pa UAE ndi Israeli sikukuwoneka kotheka panthawiyi. Kuphulika kwa Israeli kwa ma Palestine ku Gaza kwayimitsa izi.
M'mbuyomu ntchito zanjira zamalonda zaku India, monga International North-South Trade Corridor (ndi India, Iran, ndi Russia) ndi Asia-Africa Growth Corridor (otsogozedwa ndi India ndi Japan), sanachoke pamapepala kupita kudoko pazifukwa zambiri. Izi, makamaka, zinali ndi ubwino wokhala ndi moyo. IMEC idzakumana ndi tsoka lofanana ndi makondewa, pamlingo wina chifukwa cha kuphulitsa kwa Israeli ku Gaza komanso chifukwa cha malingaliro a Washington kuti "ingagonjetse" China pankhondo yazachuma.
Nkhaniyi idapangidwa ndi Chizindikiro.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama