M'sabata yachitatu ya Januware, anthu pafupifupi 90,000 ochokera padziko lonse lapansi adasonkhana ku Mumbai monga gawo lachinayi la World Social Forum (WSF). Mlingo wa bungwe ndi chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito ndi aluntha omwe adagwira nawo ntchitoyi adawonetsa kukula kwamphamvu ndi mphamvu ya gulu lotsutsana ndi dziko lapansi.
Zokambirana zomwe zidayamba m'mabwalo am'mbuyomu zidapititsidwa patsogolo ku Mumbai. Mofananamo, mabungwe a otenga nawo mbali, omwe anali ndi chiyambi chawo m'misonkhano yam'mbuyomu, adalimbikitsidwa ndikukula mumsonkhano wa Gurgaon.
Mchitidwe womvetsetsa chisalungamo ndi zotsutsana za dongosolo la dziko latsopano, ndi kufunafuna njira zina mโmalo mwa kuponderezedwa kopitirizidwa nalo, kunapitirizabe ndi nyonga yowonjezereka.
Mwina, m'malo moneneratu, kuwulutsa kwapa TV kwa WSF kunawonetsa ngati chochitika chimodzi. Ngati zinali choncho, kufunika kwake kukanakhala kochepa. Komabe, sizili choncho. WSF imayimira ndondomeko osati chochitika. Iliyonse mwa ma WSF anayi mpaka pano yatsatiridwa ndi ndondomeko yolimbikitsira anthu ochulukirachulukira.
Kuphatikiza apo, yakula ndi mabwalo am'deralo omwe akuchitikira kumadera onse padziko lapansi, kuphatikiza Europe, Latin America, North America, Asia ndi Africa.
Ndi njira iyi yolimbikitsira yomwe yapangitsa kuti anthu mamiliyoni ambiri alowe nawo ziwonetsero zosiyanasiyana za chilungamo cha anthu komanso misonkhano yolimbana ndi nkhondo padziko lonse lapansi panthawi ya 2002-2003.
WSF yapereka chitsogozo kumayendedwe osiyanasiyana okana. Kuwonjezeka kwa kudalirika kwa chiwopsezo chomwe chimayambitsa kungazindikiridwe ndi mfundo yakuti anthu omwe amatsutsa tsopano akuyesera kuti apeze. Purezidenti wa Banki Yadziko Lonse, Bambo Wolfensen, akuti adapempha okonzekera kuti amulole kuti alankhule pa WSF 2004.
Popeza kuti ma TV ambiri amathera nthawi yochulukirapo pakuwona dziko lapansi, mwamwayi adakanidwa nthawi yowonjezereka ku WSF. Koma pempho lake loti alankhule ku WSF likuyimira gawo lofunikira kwambiri pagulu lodana ndi kufalikira kwa mayiko.
Sipangakhalenso mphamvu zomwe zimalamulira dziko lapansi kunyalanyaza WSF. Kulankhula pa World Economic Forum sikukwaniranso. Kuti apeze zovomerezeka pakati pa madera awo, akuyenera kutengera gulu lomwe likukula padziko lonse lapansi lomwe likuwopseza kugwetsa zomwe adazimanga movutikira.
Monga momwe WEF imaperekera bwalo la anthu osankhika amphamvu ochokera padziko lonse lapansi kuti awone zomwe akwaniritsa, WSF imaperekanso mfundo yofunika kwambiri kwa omenyera ufulu wawo omwe amakana kulowa nawo pulogalamu yapadziko lonse yamakampani.
WSF ndiyothandiza kwambiri kutsimikiziranso kutsimikiza mtima kwawo kulimbana ndi nkhanza zamalonda zaulere zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mayiko amphamvu. Ndikofunikiranso kukopa chidwi cha dziko ku ndondomeko ya ndale yomwe ikupeza mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi.
Potsirizira pake, ndi chiwonetsero chachikulu cha mphamvu za anthu, kutsutsidwa kwakukulu kwa imperialism ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi demokalase zomwe zili mu mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wamakampani.
Nthawi yomweyo, pafupifupi 90,000 aife tidanyamuka kupita ku Mumbai kukakambirana ndi kukangana, zikuwoneka kuti ndizoyenera kusinkhasinkha momwe gulu lolimbana ndi kudalirana kwapadziko lonse lapansi lingapitirire kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa anthu.
Kuchulukirachulukira ndi kuchuluka kwa mabungwe ambiri omwe siaboma, ambiri omwe amagawana pang'ono ndi cholinga choyambirira cha kayendetsedwe kake, zikuwoneka.
Chaka chino, mwachitsanzo, njira ina ya WSF, yotchedwa Mumbai Resist inachititsa msonkhano wawo kudutsa msewu waukulu kuchokera ku WSF. Linakonzedwa ndi ena omwe amawona kuti poyesa kutengera kuchuluka kwa malingaliro, mzere wa WSF pa ndale zapadziko lonse lapansi unali wovuta kwambiri kuti ugwiritse ntchito.
Palibe chomwe ma TV amakampani amawakonda kwambiri kuposa kupereka mawonekedwe olakwika a chithunzichi, kuwonetsa WSF ngati ma hippies komanso osokoneza achinyamata omwe sanaganizirepo nkhani zomwe amabwera kudzakambirana.
Kapena monga Tony Blair amakonda kuyitcha: 'Maseลตera oyendayenda a anarchists'. Ngakhale kuti maganizo oterowo sali kanthu koma kusokoneza choonadi, ndikofunika kuti kayendetsedwe kake kadziperekere ku ndondomeko yodzifufuza, kuti ikhalebe ndi kukula kwake kolimba pamene ikusunga filosofi yake yaikulu.
Pankhani imeneyi, panali chitukuko chosangalatsa chaka chino. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri ochokera kumayiko otukuka anali olimbikitsa ndale omwe adadzipezera okha ndalama zoyendera ulendo wawo, ambiri mwa nthumwi zochokera kumayiko omwe akutukuka kumene monga Pakistani anali mamembala a NGOs (nthawi zambiri ndi mabungwe a mayiko) omwe adathandizira maulendo awo.
Ngakhale wina akuyenera kuzindikira kuti ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri kwa omenyera ufulu ochokera kumayiko omwe akutukuka kumene kuti apereke ndalama zoyendera mayiko, komabe m'malo mwa omenyera ufulu wa ogwira ntchito za NGO kudzakhala ndi vuto lalikulu pakulimbikitsa anthu ambiri m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene.
Chifukwa chimodzi, zidzakhala ndi zotsatira pa mlingo wa ndale za kayendetsedwe kake. Magulu amapeza mphamvu kuchokera ku ndale za mamembala awo.
Ndale zimalola wophunzira aliyense kumvetsetsa kugwirizana pakati pa zochitika zooneka ngati zosagwirizana kapena magulu ndi udindo wake mkati mwa zochitika zazikulu ndi kayendetsedwe kake. Kumvetsetsa kofanana kumagwira ntchito ngati guluu mkati mwa kayendetsedwe kake, kulola kugwirizanitsa zochita zakutali.
Pachifukwa ichi wophunzira aliyense amabwera kudzatengera gululo ndikukhala mtsogoleri pagulu lake laling'ono lachikoka. Kuphatikiza apo, kumvetsetsa kumeneku kumathandizira kulosera, ndipo kulosera kumathandizira kuti zitheke. Kukwera kwa ndale, kumvetsetsa kwathunthu kwazinthu zofunikira zomwe zimayenera kukumana nazo, zimakula mwamphamvu kayendetsedwe kake.
Pazaka makumi anayi kapena kuposerapo zapitazi, nkhani zanzeru zakhala zikuyesera kunyalanyaza kufunikira kwa ndale ndi ndale za anthu ambiri. Chiwonetsero chakuthupi cha ndondomekoyi kwakhala kuchulukirachulukira kwa mabungwe omwe siaboma.
Kupereka ndalama kumabungwe omwe siaboma nthawi zambiri kumatengera momwe amachitira ndale. Izi zalembedwa mokwanira ndi ofufuza osiyanasiyana m'maiko aku Asia, Africa ndi Latin America.
Mwina kufotokoza kodziwika bwino komanso komveka bwino kwakhala kwa Ferguson. M'buku lake, The Anti-Politics Machine, adawulula momwe thandizo la "chitukuko" likuchokera ku Lesotho ku Africa.
Omenyera ufuluwo akangodalira thandizo amakakamizika kuswa mgwirizano ndi ndale. M'dziko la NGO ndale zimakhala zonyansa, ndipo mphamvu zonse zimayang'ana pakupanga mavuto monga kwenikweni ndi 'zachikhalidwe'.
Kugawikana kochita kupanga pakati pa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi ndale ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe ma NGOs ambiri amathandizira kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo zakhala zochepa, osati ku Pakistan kokha komanso padziko lonse lapansi.
Mavuto a "zachitukuko" amagawidwanso m'magulu ngati kuti mavutowa angathetsedwe payekha, popanda kusintha kwakukulu kwapangidwe. Sikuti amangokakamizika kutulutsa zizindikiritso zocheperako za anthu awo (mwachitsanzo, akazi oponderezedwa kapena osaphunzira kapena ogwira ntchito ana), pomwe opereka ndalama asankha kupita ku chilengedwe kapena utsogoleri kapena mabungwe aboma, zimakhala zosatheka kwa unyolo wonse wa Ma NGO omwe amadalira mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina thandizo kuti asatsatire.
David Hulme wa yunivesite ya Manchester m'buku laposachedwapa adalemba za kusintha kwa NGOs ambiri akumwera (SNGOs) pazaka khumi zapitazi. Amalemba kuti, โKambiranani ndi oyang'anira madera masiku ano ndipo simungamve zambiri za malingaliro olimbikitsa osauka.
Akuluakulu oyang'anira ku North America monga Stephen Covey ndi Peters ndi Waterman ndi omwe amalimbikitsa kwambiri, ngakhale zolemba zawo zimangopanga phindu komanso kupulumuka kwa bungwe. Koma mwina ndi zomwe ma NGOs ali nazo masiku ano! "
Akupitiriza kukamba za milandu yolembedwa ya Central America SNGOs makamaka Bolivia ndi Chile kumene mabungwe omwe siaboma akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchepetsa zotsatira za mapulani okonza mapulani ndipo m'malo molimbikitsana tsopano ndi opereka chithandizo kapena oyambitsa ntchito zothandizira anthu.
Mphamvu za omenyera ufulu omwe akanatha kukopa zipani zandale kapena kutenga nawo gawo pakulimbikitsa anthu ambiri motsutsana ndi mapulani awo, motsutsana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwaumoyo, maphunziro ndi ntchito zina zaboma, zidasinthidwa kuti zithandizire kagawo kakang'ono ka boma. anthu. Pamapeto pake, mabungwe omwe siaboma akuwoneka kuti akusintha kukhala, kunena mawu a Hulme 'pafupi kwambiri ndi amphamvu, kutali kwambiri ndi opanda mphamvu'.
Pamene kugawanika uku, kugawanikana kochita kupanga pakati pa ndale ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu kumatsutsidwa, kukakamiza mwakhama kumatsatira. Chitsanzo cha Honduran NGO IDEPH omwe opereka ndalama akunja anakana kuthandizira maphunziro a atsogoleri a mabungwe ndi zokambirana zapaintaneti zomwe zidalimbitsa mgwirizano, mwatsoka sizinali zosokoneza, koma ndizofala.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pafupifupi atsogoleri onse a NGO omwe amalankhula nawo ku Pakistan amakhulupirira kuti ngakhale mgwirizanowu umagwira ntchito ngati ma NGO ena mwanjira yawoyawo yathawa zovuta izi.
Nโzosakayikitsa kuti ambiri amene amagwira ntchito mโmabungwe omwe siaboma amasonkhezeredwa ndi chikhumbo chochitira zinthu zothandiza anthu. Kuti ntchito yawo imasokonezedwa mosavuta ndipo zotsatira zake zokanidwa ndi momwe makampani amagwirira ntchito ndizowona zomwe ayenera kukhala okonzeka kukumana nazo. Ndipo inde, ndinagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti, mafakitale. M'malo mwake, mabungwe omwe siaboma ali m'gulu la mafakitale akuluakulu m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene.
Pamene David Lewis adanena kuti m'zaka za m'ma 1980, "Mabungwe awiri okha ndi omwe adachita bwino pavuto la Central America: asilikali ndi mabungwe omwe siaboma" akadatha kunena za Pakistan kapena zigawo zambiri za dziko lachitatu.
Pamene mabungwe aboma akupanga mapangano, kutukuka kwa mafakitale kukucheperachepera, komanso mwayi wantchito ukuchepa m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene, mabungwe omwe siaboma atuluka ngati olemba anzawo ntchito. Ambiri mwa iwo omwe amadalira ndalama zothandizira pa moyo wawo sangathe kupikisana ndi US hegemony, ulamuliro wa Banki Yadziko Lonse pakupanga mfundo za Pakistani kapena kusintha kwakukulu pandale.
Zinthu sizili bwino padziko lonse lapansi. Mabungwe ambiri omwe si aboma omwe ali ndi ziwonetsero zandale akwanitsa kutsata malingaliro andale. Komabe, monga mkhalidwe wamba, zimenezo zakhala zikuchitika mโmaiko amene mwambo wa ndale wopita patsogolo wakhala wamphamvu.
Gulu lotsutsana ndi dziko lonse lapansi lingathe kupitirizabe kupita patsogolo kwake kodabwitsa ngati anthu omwe akupita patsogolo pa anthu ali ndi ndale. Ngati likhala bwalo lalikulu la NGO, lothandizidwa ndi opereka ndalama, limatha kutaya mphamvu zake mosavuta. Nthawi yomweyo, cholinga cha kulimbikitsa WSF kuyenera kukulirakulira m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene.
Mwina mphamvu zomwezo ndi zothandizira zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zapadziko lonse tsopano ziyenera kutembenuzidwa kulimbitsa malo a chikhalidwe cha anthu m'madera a ku Africa ndi Asia makamaka kupyolera mu chithandizo cha omenyera ufulu wamba.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama