Chikhalidwe chaumunthu—m’mene tilili, mmene timakhalira moyo wathu—chili pachiswe. Ndiwo maziko a buku la Shoshana Zuboff Age of Surveillance Capitalism.
Zuboff akukhulupirira kuti zimphona zaukadaulo zapanga mtundu watsopano wa capitalism. Woyang'anira capitalist "akufuna magazi anu ndi bedi lanu, zokambirana zanu zam'mawa, ulendo wanu, kuthamanga kwanu, firiji yanu, malo anu oimikapo magalimoto, chipinda chanu chochezera."
M'dongosolo lakale la propaganda, omvera omvera sanali ogula koma katundu, wogulitsidwa kwa ogula enieni, otsatsa. Poyang'anira capitalism, simuli ogula kapena mankhwala, zinthu zopanda pake. Zimphona zaukadaulo sizifunikira zomwe mumadya, kapenanso chidwi chanu: zimapanga ndalama zawo pogulitsa zinthu zomwe zimalosera zomwe mumachita potengera njira zomwe mumataya mukamachita bizinesi yanu yatsiku ndi tsiku pa intaneti (ndipo, mochulukira) zida zowunikira ponseponse m'chilengedwe-mopanda intaneti).
Ndipo khalidwe lanu litanenedweratu, likhoza kusinthidwa. Mukubedwa, akutero Zuboff, monga ma capitalist owunikira "amagwedeza, sungani, ng'ombe, sinthani, ndikusintha machitidwe m'njira zinazake pochita zinthu zobisika monga kuyika mawu enaake muzakudya zanu za Facebook, kuyika nthawi yowonekera kwa batani la BUY. pa foni yanu, kapena kuzimitsa injini ya galimoto yanu pamene malipiro a inshuwalansi achedwa.”
Khalidwe lililonse latsopano lotha kugwedezeka limakhala chinthu chaulere chotengera, popeza mwayi umapezeka wopeza ndalama pokulamulirani. Mwachitsanzo, makampani a inshuwaransi amakupatsirani ndalama zotsitsidwa ngati muyika chipangizo chowonera mgalimoto yanu kuti muwone momwe mumayendetsa bwino. Zikafika pamenepo, m'mawu a Zuboff, "kampani ya inshuwaransi imatha kukhazikitsa magawo ena oyendetsa galimoto. Izi zingaphatikizepo chilichonse, kuyambira kumangirira lamba wapampando mpaka ku liwiro la liwiro, nthawi yopuma, kutsika mabuleki ndi kumangoona, kuthamanga mwamphamvu kwambiri, kunyamulira mabuleki, maola ochuluka pamsewu, kuyendetsa galimoto, ndi kulowa m’dera loletsedwa.” Ogwira ntchito ku Amazon, otchedwa "Athletes," kuvala zida zoyang'aniridwa kuti zizikankhira kumagulu apamwamba a zokolola. Tikuwopa kusinthidwa ndi maloboti: ma capitalist owunika amatipanga kukhala maloboti.
Zomwe zimakhalapo ndizokwera kwambiri monga momwe kulamulira kuliri kwa microscopic. Mphamvu yatsopano, yomwe Zuboff amatcha "instrumentarian," yatulukira. Mphamvu za zida zikadakupangitsani kuti musiye zinsinsi zanu, machitidwe anu, ufulu wanu wosankha, zonse kuti zipindule ndi zimphona zaukadaulo. Kuti musunge umunthu wanu, a Zuboff akuwonetsa kuti, mumakakamizika "kubisala m'moyo wanu," kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wachinsinsi kuti muyang'anire. Koma nkhani ya WhatsApp ikuwonetsa kuti atha kukupezani ngati mutayesa kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo kubisala: cholinga chake ngati nsanja yobisika komanso yotetezeka kuti anthu azicheza mwachinsinsi, WhatsApp tsopano ndi imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za Facebook. Ndiwonso nsanja yomwe ma lynchings amapangidwira ku India komanso pomwe chisankho cha Fascist Jair Bolsonaro chidalumikizidwa ku Brazil.
Pamene mukuyesera kuchepetsa kuwunika kwa capitalism pamalingaliro anu ndi moyo wanu, dongosolo la filosofi lingakhale lothandiza. Katswiri wa zamakompyuta Cal Newport wafotokoza mfundo imeneyi m’buku lake Digital minimalism. Newport ikunena kuti zida zapa TV zomwe zimaperekedwa kudzera pa mafoni a m'manja zimatha kuwonjezera phindu pa moyo wa munthu, koma osati ngati zikugwiritsidwa ntchito monga mwauzira. Amafunsa owerenga kuti aganizire mozama za mtengo womwe akupeza pochita nawo zidazi, komanso momwe tingapezere mtengowo popanda ndalama zazikulu mu nthawi, mphamvu, ndi malingaliro omwe tikulipira panopa. Mutha kupeza phindu lonse la Facebook kuchokera ku 20-40 mphindi pa sabata, akulemba. Maola ena onse patsiku omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito ndi mphatso yodzifunira ya chidwi chanu ndi maso anu ku Facebook, zomwe zapeza momwe mungasinthire chidwicho kukhala phindu.
Momwe Mungadzitetezere Kumachitidwe A Big Tech
Poyang'anizana ndi machitidwe akale abodza, Noam Chomsky adalimbikitsa njira yodziteteza mwaluntha. Pamaso pa mtundu watsopano, wokwera kwambiri, wowunika wa capitalist, ndikulimbikitsa njira ya "kudziteteza kwa anthu." Ndi chithandizo chochokera ku Zuboff ndi Newport, nazi njira zinayi zomwe mungatenge kuti mudziteteze ku chinyengo cha chikhalidwe cha anthu.
- Lowani nawo Kukaniza. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito zida zapa media ngati Twitter, Facebook, ndi Instagram, ndikuyembekeza kukhalabe ndi ufulu wanu, Newport alemba kuti, "ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti ichi sichinthu chongoganiza chabe. M'malo mwake mukumenya nkhondo ya Davide ndi Goliati yolimbana ndi mabungwe omwe ali olemera kwambiri ndipo akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito chumachi kuti akuletseni kupambana." Muyenera kukhala membala wa zomwe Newport imatcha kukana chidwi, "omwe amaphatikiza zida zamakono ndi njira zopangira opaleshoni kuti achite maopaleshoni pazachuma chodziwika bwino - kutsika kuti atenge mtengo, ndiyeno nkumachoka pamaso pa misampha ya chidwi. zokhazikitsidwa ndi makampani awa zitha kutsekedwa. ” Khala kukana!
- Chepetsani Udindo wa Zipangizo M'moyo Wanu. Malangizo anzeru a Newport mu gawo ili ndi omveka, ndipo sindidzabwereza zonse, koma apa pali mfundo zingapo zofunika: chotsani chikhalidwe cha anthu pafoni yanu ndikuchipeza pa kompyuta; "osayankhula" foni yamakono; yesetsani kukumbatira zofalitsa "zochedwa"; sinthani kuwonera Netflix kukhala malo ochezera, osati munthu payekha.
- Lowani mu Moyo Weniweni. Njira imodzi "yobisala m'moyo wanu," monga Zuboff akusonyezera, ndikuvomereza malingaliro a Newport ochita zosangalatsa "zapamwamba" kuti asokoneze zosangalatsa "zotsika" zomwe kusuntha ndi kuwonekera pa foni yanu kumayimira. Osagwiritsa ntchito foni yanu mpaka mutataya luso logwiritsa ntchito manja anu, monga ophunzira azachipatala omwe tsopano alibe luso losoka odwala. Chitani zinthu zomwe zikukhudza manja anu. Pitani koyenda; kukumbatirani zokambirana, zomwe ndi ntchito ya "high-bandwidth" komanso njira yokhayo yeniyeni yosungira maubwenzi (ndipo inde, kuyimba foni ndi mavidiyo kumawerengedwa ngati zokambirana, ngakhale kuti mwa-munthu ndi bwino).
- Limbikirani Dziko Labwino Lapa digito. Pogwiritsa ntchito mchitidwe wanu watsopano wolumikizana ndi anthu enieni m'moyo weniweni, lowani nawo magulu omwe akuyesera kuti aziyang'anira capitalism. Kulimbana kuti ukhale ndi ufulu wachinsinsi pazinsinsi, kulankhulana ndi chidziwitso, ziyenera kutenga mawonekedwe onse. Mwina kudzakhala kulimbana ndi kuwongolera, kuphwanya maulamuliro aukadaulo ndikutsimikizira kuwongolera kwazamalamulo ndi demokalase. Mwina njira zolumikizirana ndi anthu siziyenera kukhala m'manja mwachinsinsi, koma ziyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi dziko (panali nthawi yomwe akatswiri azachuma amakhulupirira kuti zida zina ndi "zachilengedwe" zomwe ziyenera kukhala zaboma ndikuyendetsedwa).
Newport ikugogomezera zochitika zachitukuko komanso zachitukuko polepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni mopanda nzeru, ndikuchenjeza kuti zisazimitsidwe ndi machitidwe wamba: "N'zosavuta kutengeka ndi zokhumudwitsa kapena zovuta zomwe zimachitika pagulu lililonse la anthu omwe akuvutika kuti akwaniritse cholinga chimodzi. . Zopinga izi zimapereka chifukwa chomveka chopewera kusiya chitonthozo cha abale ndi abwenzi apamtima, koma… Ndikudziwa kuti sindine ndekha amene ndakhala ndikukhudzidwa ndi "zokhumudwitsa komanso zovuta" zamasewera osagwiritsa ntchito intaneti (ie, misonkhano yosatha, kusagwira ntchito kwamagulu). Ndipo mu nthawi zamdima zomwe timaganiza zodzipatula ngati njira ina, mafoni athu amakhalapo kuti atipatse mawonekedwe otsika kwambiri ochezera komanso zowonera zotsika kwambiri, ndikudina "monga" (zomwe Newport imatilangiza kuti tisamachite) ndikulembanso, kapena "Ndikuyang'ana mofunitsitsa ma retweets a mawu anzeru." Osachita zimenezo—m’malo mwake, lowani m’gulu lenileni ndi kucheza ndi anthu m’moyo weniweni.
Panali nthawi zaka makumi angapo zapitazo pamene ndinali wokhumudwa monga wotsutsa ndi magulu omwe amathera nthawi yochuluka akuyankhula komanso osakwanira nthawi yochita zinthu (zochita zimatanthauzidwa ndiye makamaka ngati zionetsero za m'misewu, kapena nthawi zina kukhala ndi zinthu). Ndine wamkulu mokwanira kuti ndikumbukire chidzudzulo cha “kulalikira kwa kwaya,” kumbuyoko pamene zikuoneka kuti kunali fanizo lophiphiritsira la kwaya yomwe inkaimba limodzi mlungu uliwonse. Masiku ano, kusonkhana pamodzi ndi kukambirana za ndale pamasom'pamaso, ngakhale ndi anthu amalingaliro ofanana, kungakhale kale kusokoneza. Tiye tikambirane. Chifukwa kugwira ntchito, zida zatsopano zodzitchinjiriza pagulu ziyenera kuphatikizidwabe ndi njira zakale zodzitchinjiriza zanzeru: kuyankhula ndi kuganiza ndi ena, kuwerenga mozama komanso mozama, komanso kuchita zinthu mozindikira molingana ndi mfundo zanu.
Justin Podur ndi wolemba wochokera ku Toronto komanso wolemba nawo Chizindikiro, pulojekiti ya Independent Media Institute. Mukhoza kumupeza pa webusaiti yake podur.org komanso pa Twitter @justinpodur. Amaphunzitsa ku York University ku Faculty of Environmental Studies. Iye ndi mlembi wa bukuli Zowononga.
Nkhaniyi idapangidwa ndi Chizindikiro, ntchito ya Independent Media Institute.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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1 Comment
Zikomo Justin,
Ndatumiza kale izi kwa anthu awiri.