Palibe chomwe chawulula tsoka lachinyengo la nkhondo yolimbana ndi zigawenga monga kuphulika kwa sabata yatha kwa ana ake osinthika kudutsa Iraq. David Cameron adalengeza lero kuti Islamic State of Iraq ndi Greater Syria, yomwe idakanidwa kuti ndi yonyanyira komanso yampatuko ndi al-Qaida palokha, ndiyomwe ikuwopseza kwambiri chitetezo cha Britain.
Pamene asilikali a Isis adanenedwa kuti alanda malo opangira mafuta ku Iraq ku Baiji, Barack Obama akuti akuganizira zofuna za a Hawks a Baghdad ndi Washington kuti awononge ndege kuti athetse kupanduka kotsogoleredwa ndi jihadist. Mazana a asitikali aku US atumizidwa kale kuti akakonze malo ndikuteteza ofesi ya kazembe waku America wa 5,500.
Zaka khumi ndi chimodzi kuchokera pamene US ndi Britain adayambitsa chiwembu chawo ku Iraq monga maziko a nkhondo yachigawenga, akuganiziranso zobwerera ku malo omwe adadzichepetsera, chifukwa zotsatira zake zoopsa zimaseweredwa m'dziko lomwe lawonongedwa kale.
Isis kwenikweni ndi gulu lankhondo lodabwitsa la chigawenga cha Sunni Arab - mothandizidwa ndi achiba'ath akale ndi magulu ena akale otsutsa - motsutsana ndi boma lotsogozedwa ndi Shia la Nouri al-Maliki. Izi ndi zotsutsana ndi ndondomeko zakumadzulo zomwe, pamene US ndi apaulendo anzawo amagwirizana bwino ndi Isis ndi zigawenga zina za Sunni Islamist zomwe zikulimbana ndi boma la Assad, ku Iraq amaima ndi Shia Islamist Maliki akulimbana ndi magulu omwewo.
Anali asilikali ake ophunzitsidwa ndi US omwe anasungunuka pamene Isis anatenga mzinda wachiwiri wa Iraq, Mosul, sabata yatha. Kugwaku kudasinthidwa ndi olamulira achifundo kapena achinyengo, komanso kuchita mwakachetechete ndi asitikali aku Kurdish omwe adagwiritsa ntchito mwayiwu kuwongolera mzinda womwe ukupikisana nawo wa Kirkuk ndi minda yamafuta yakumpoto.
Tsopano Isis akubwera kudzatsutsa kwambiri panjira yopita ku Baghdad. Gulu la takfiri lamagulu achipembedzo poyambilira linali la al-Qaida yemwe anali ndi chilolezo pansi paulamuliro wa US-British, koma adakanidwa ndi otsutsa ambiri. Kenako idasamukira ku Syria kuti igwirizane ndi zipolowe zotsutsana ndi Assad, mothandizidwa mwachibwanabwana ndi mayiko a Gulf monga Saudi Arabia.
Kuyambira chilimwe chatha, yakhala ikulamulira gawo lalikulu la Syria pafupi ndi malire a Iraq, kusonkhanitsa chuma ndi olembedwa akunja. Koma boma la Maliki lidapondereza mwankhanza ziwonetsero za Sunni chaka chatha - zomwe zidafika pachimake. kuphedwa kwa ziwonetsero zambiri ku Hawija - zomwe zinapatsa Isis kutsegula kwatsopano ku Iraq. Pofika Januware, idalanda Falluja, yomwe idachitika mwankhanza kwambiri ku US, ndikupha anthu aku Shia m'dziko lonselo.
Lingaliro lakuti nkhani yowopsyayi ikhoza kuchotsedwa ku nkhondo yotsogoleredwa ndi US ku Iraq yomwe idatsogolera, monga momwe otetezera nkhondo akuyesera kuti apitirizebe, ndi zopanda pake. Sikuti kunalibe al-Qaida kapena Isis m'dzikolo asanaukire, kapena kuti omwe adakhalamo adasokoneza dala dziko la Iraq ndi gulu lankhondo ndikuwononga zida zadzikolo. Ndikuti kugawikana ndi kulamulira kwa atsamunda kunalimbikitsidwa dala kuyambira tsiku loyamba la kulanda.
Sikuti kungojambula zachipembedzo komanso zamitundu kunakhazikitsidwa m'moyo wa anthu onse, koma akuluakulu aku US adakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndikuthandizira Nkhondo yonyansa yamtundu wa El Salvador ya magulu akupha anthu amgulu kuti achepetse kukana kwa zida.
Maliki adasankhidwa yekha ndi US ngati msilikali woyenera kuti ateteze zofuna zake. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti kusintha kulikonse kuchokera ku ulamuliro wankhanza wa Saddam sikukadakhala kowawa, kapena kuti ma Iraqi alibe bungwe pazomwe zidachitika. Koma mkangano wambiri wakumadzulo wa sabata yathawu udasokoneza kukula kwake tsoka la anthu ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu linabuka ndi nkhondo yotsogozedwa ndi US. Chiyerekezo chaposachedwa kwambiri chamaphunziro aku US cha anthu omwe anamwalira ndi osachepera theka la miliyoni, pamene Iraq Body Count adalemba anthu osachepera 190,100 omwe aphedwa mwankhanza chifukwa cha kuwukirako - 4 miliyoni adakhala othawa kwawo.
kuti silinali โcholakwa chomvetsa chisoniโ, monga ena amanenera, kapena vuto lakukonzekera pambuyo pa kuwukira. Anali a zigawenga zankhanza zomwe zinanenedweratu zotsatira zake Ma Iraqi akukhala nawo masiku ano. Lingaliro loti Tony Blair - yemwe adathandizira kuyambitsa nkhondoyi monyenga ndipo tsopano akuti tikuyenera "kudzimasula tokha ku lingaliro lakuti 'ife' tayambitsa izi" - akadali nthumwi yamtendere ku Middle East ndi yodabwitsa.
Otsutsawo akuti asitikali aku US adachoka posachedwa, kuti Iraq tsopano ndi demokalase, komanso kuti Syria ikuwonetsa kuti kusalowererapo kumatha kutengera ndalama zake. Koma Iraq italowa m'malo ndi kleptocracy yokhazikika, kondomu yaku US-Iran komwe kuvota kumayendetsedwa ndi mipatuko ndi mafuko,kuzunzidwa kuli ponseponse, ndipo zikwi zambiri zatsekeredwa mโndende popanda kuzengedwa mlandu.
Ngati demokalase yotere ndi gawo lofunikira, ndi boma la Iraq lomwe lidafuna kuti asitikali akunja achotsedwe. Ku Syria, US ndi ogwirizana nawo akutulutsa magazi popereka ndalama ndi zida zankhondo zigawenga, kwinaku akuletsa njira zopambana. Mosakayikira, kulowererapo mwachindunji kwa asitikali akumadzulo kungachulukitse chiwopsezo cha imfa ku Iraq.
Zotsutsana za momwe Iraq idafikira pakusokonekera kwamasiku ano ndendende chifukwa kubweza kumbuyo komwe kunachitikapo komaliza kungayambitsenso zina - osati ku Iraq kokha. Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2001, nkhondo yolimbana ndi zigawenga yafalikira ndikuthandiza magulu achigawenga achisilamu padziko lonse lapansi, kuyambira ku al-Qaida mpaka ku Pakistani Taliban. Chitsanzo cha blowback sichinamveke bwino. Kuphulika kwa mabomba ku US kapena kuukira kwa Isis ku Iraq, komwe kumakhala m'matauni, sikudzasokoneza mizinda monga Mosul kapena Tikrit. Koma izi zidzapha anthu wamba ambiri ndikuwotcha dzikolo, komanso dera lonselo.
Gulu laling'ono, lachiwawa la takfiri monga Isis silingathe kukhala ndi mizinda ikuluikulu kwa nthawi yayitali - zochitika zikusonyeza kuti ogwirizana nawo a Sunni adzatsutsana nawo - osasiya kupitiriza kupita ku Baghdad kapena Shia heartlands. Koma kupambana kwake kwakukulu kwachititsa kupulumuka kwa Iraq komwe Pangozi. Monga Syria, dzikolo lagawika kale bwino - ndipo magulu achisilamu ali kutali kwambiri kuti akhale okha pokana zopanga. "Sykes-Picot" malire zomwe zinaperekedwa ndi Britain ndi France pa dziko la Aarabu kumapeto kwa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse.
Yokha kuphwanya kotsimikizika ndi gulu lalikulu la ndale la Iraq ndi ndale zampatuko ndi mafuko zomwe Bush ndi Blair adapatsa tsopano zitha kuletsa kugawikanako. Dziko lonse la Aarabu likukhala ndi vuto lazaka zana zoyesa kuwongolera dera lawo ndi chuma chawo. Kuchitapo kanthu kowonjezereka kudzangokulitsa vutoli. Ndi ma Iraqi okha omwe angapange tsogolo lawo.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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