Patatha zaka ziwiri zipolowe za Aarabu zidayambitsa zionetsero ndi ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, ziwonetsero zazikulu zabwerera ku Egypt. Monga momwe anthu mamiliyoni ambiri adachitira chiponderezo chankhanza mu 2011 kuti agwetse wolamulira wankhanza wotsogozedwa ndi azungu Hosni Mubarak, mamiliyoni tsopano alowa m'misewu ya mizinda ya Egypt kufuna kuchotsedwa paudindo kwa pulezidenti woyamba wosankhidwa mwaufulu wa dzikolo, Mohamed Morsi.
Monga mu 2011, otsutsa ndi mgwirizano wapakati-wolamulidwa ndi kumanzere ndi kumanja. Koma ulendo uno Asilamu ali mbali ina pomwe otsatira boma la Mubarak ali pachimake. Apolisi, omwe adamenya ndi kupha anthu ochita ziwonetsero zaka ziwiri zapitazo, sabata ino adayima pambali pomwe ziwonetsero zimawotcha Maofesi a Morsi a Muslim Brotherhood. Ndipo gulu lankhondo, lomwe lidachirikiza utsogoleri wankhanza mpaka nthawi yomaliza lisanakhazikitse gulu lankhondo mu 2011, tsopano lataya mphamvu zake kumbuyo kwa otsutsa.
Kaya ndi chigamulo kwa purezidenti kusanduka chiwembu kapena kusintha boma moyendetsedwa bwino, gulu lankhondo - lopatsidwa ndalama zambiri komanso lophunzitsidwa ndi boma la US komanso loyang'anira zokonda zamalonda - abwereranso pachishalo. Ndipo ambiri odzitcha osintha zinthu omwe kale adadzudzula Morsi chifukwa chopita kunkhondo tsopano akukondwera nazo. Pazochitika zakale, adzanong'oneza bondo.
Otsutsawo alibe madandaulo otsutsa boma la chaka cha Morsi, ndithudi: kuchokera ku zovuta zachuma, Islamization ya malamulo komanso mphamvu zamabungwe zimalepheretsa kuphwanya mfundo za Mubarak ndi kukondweretsa mphamvu za US ndi Israeli.
Koma zoona zake n'zakuti, ngakhale utsogoleri wa Morsi ndi wosakwanira, olamulira ambiri - kuyambira oweruza ndi apolisi mpaka asitikali ndi atolankhani - akadali m'manja mwa akuluakulu aboma akale. Iwo amaona poyera gulu la Muslim Brotherhood ngati anthu osavomerezeka, omwe atsogoleri awo ayenera kubwezeredwa kundende mwamsanga.
Komabe awa ndi anthu omwe tsopano ali mumgwirizano ndi magulu otsutsa omwe akufuna kuwona kusintha kwa Egypt kufikitsidwa kumapeto kwa demokalase. Ngati Morsi ndi Muslim Brotherhood akakamizidwa kuchoka paudindo, ndizovuta kuwona anthu otere akuphwanya mfundo zachipembedzo kapena kunena kuti ufulu wadziko, monga momwe Aigupto ambiri amafunira. M'malo mwake, mwayi ndikuti Asilamu, nawonso mothandizidwa ndi anthu ambiri, angakane kukanidwa udindo wawo wademokalase, ndikuyika Egypt mumkangano waukulu.
Kuphulika kwaposachedwa kwa Egypt kwatsatira ziwonetsero zambiri ku Turkey ndi Brazil (komanso chipwirikiti chaching'ono Bulgaria ndi Indonesia). Palibe amene adawonetsa kumenyera nkhondo kopitilira muyeso ku Egypt, ngakhale ziwonetsero zina ku Turkey zidapempha Prime Minister, Recep Tayyip Erdo?an, kuti apite. Koma pali mauna ofunikira omwe amawunikira mphamvu ndi kufooka kwa ziwonetsero zonyezimira zotere za mkwiyo wodziwika.
Pankhani ya Turkey, zomwe zidayamba ngati ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi kukhazikitsidwanso kwa Gezi Park ku Istanbul zidayamba ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi Erdo?an, omwe akuchulukirachulukira olamulira achi Islamist, kuphatikiza omenyera ufulu waku Turkey ndi aku Kurdish, omasuka ndi akumanzere, asosholisti ndi ochita malonda aulere. . Kukula kwake kunali kwamphamvu, koma kusiyana kwa zofuna za ochita zionetsero kungathe kufooketsa mphamvu zake pazandale.
Ku Brazil, ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi kukwera kwa mitengo ya mabasi ndi masitima apamtunda zidasintha kukhala ziwonetsero zakusauka kwa ntchito zaboma komanso kukwera mtengo kwa World Cup ya chaka chamawa. Monga ku Turkey ndi ku Egypt, achinyamata apakati komanso andale anali patsogolo, ndipo maphwando a ndale adalefulidwa kuti asatenge nawo mbali, pamene magulu achilungamo ndi atolankhani adayesa kuyendetsa ndondomekoyi kuchoka ku kusalingana kupita ku msonkho ndi ziphuphu.
Boma la kumanzere kwapakati ku Brazil lachotsa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri muumphawi, ndipo ziwonetserozi zachitika chifukwa cha kukwera kwa ziyembekezo. Koma mosiyana ndi kwina kulikonse ku Latin America, boma la Lula silinaphwanyidwe ndi chiphunzitso cha neoliberal kapena kuukira zofuna za anthu olemera. Wolowa m'malo mwake, Dilma Rousseff - omwe adayankha zionetserozo polonjeza kuti adzapereka ndalama zambiri muzoyendetsa, thanzi ndi maphunziro ndi referendum pa kusintha kwa ndale - tsopano ali ndi mwayi wosintha zimenezo.
Ngakhale kusiyana kwawo, mayendedwe onse atatu ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Amaphatikiza magulu osiyanasiyana andale ndi zofuna zotsutsana, limodzi ndi odekha, ndipo alibe maziko ogwirizana. Izi zitha kukhala zopindulitsa pamakampeni amtundu umodzi, koma zitha kubweretsa kusayanika kwakanthawi ngati zolinga zili zolakalaka kwambiri - zomwe mwachidziwikire zakhala tsogolo la gulu la Occupy.
Onse a iwo, ndithudi, akhudzidwa kwambiri ndipo opangidwa ndi chikhalidwe TV ndi maukonde odzidzimutsa omwe amalimbikitsa. Koma pali zochitika zambiri zakale zomwe anthu otere amachita zionetsero zamphamvu - komanso maphunziro ofunikira okhudza chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amasokonekera kapena kumabweretsa zotsatira zosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe omwe amawayembekezera.
Zowonekera kwambiri ndizo Zosintha za ku Europe za 1848, omwe adatsogozedwanso ndi okonzanso apakati ndipo adapereka lonjezo la masika ademokalase, koma adakhala ngati agwa mkati mwa chaka chimodzi. Zipolowe za Paris za Meyi 1968 zidatsatiridwa ndi chigonjetso chaufulu waku France. Awo amene anaguba kaamba ka sosholizimu ya demokalase kummaลตa kwa Berlin mu 1989 anatsirizika ndi kusamalidwa kwakukulu ndi ulova. Zosintha zamitundu zomwe zidathandizidwa ndi kumadzulo kwazaka khumi zapitazi zidagwiritsa ntchito ochita ziwonetsero ngati gulu lankhondo losamutsa mphamvu kwa oligarchs okondedwa ndi osankhika. The wokwiya mayendedwe molimbana austerity ku Spain analibe mphamvu zoletsa kubwerera kwa ufulu ndi kulowa mu austerity zakuya.
Mu nthawi ya neoliberalism, pamene akuluakulu olamulira adasokoneza demokalase ndikuwonetsetsa kuti aliyense amene mumamuvotera apeza zomwezo, zionetsero zosagwirizana ndi ndale zikuyenda bwino. Iwo ali ndi mphamvu zofunikira: amatha kusintha maganizo, kusintha ndondomeko ndi kugwetsa maboma. Koma popanda bungwe lokhazikika komanso zolinga zandale zomveka bwino, amatha kupsa mtima ndikugwedezeka, kapena kukhala pachiwopsezo chobedwa kapena kusokonezedwa ndi mphamvu zokhazikika komanso zamphamvu.
Izi zimapitanso ku ziwunduzo - ndipo ndizomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikuchitika ku Egypt. Omenyera ufulu ambiri amawona zipani zandale zachikhalidwe ndi magulu ngati osafunikira mu nthawi ya intaneti. Koma ndiye mkangano wamagulu atsopano a ndale ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Popanda izo, osankhika azisunga ulamuliro - komabe ziwonetsero zochititsa chidwi.
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