Zaka 100 zapitazi zakhala zaka za nkhondo zowopsa zomwe zadzetsa nkhondo zosawerengeka, kuphatikiza pankhondo ziwiri zapadziko lonse lapansi. Magulu ndi magulu a anthu omwe adalowerera m'mikanganoyi adachita izi m'dzina la zolinga zazikulu kwambiri kotero kuti sanalole kugwirizana kosavuta ndi anthu enieni omwe adamenyana nawo m'mikanganoyi ndi zomwe nthawi zambiri amapereka miyoyo yawo. Zolinga monga dziko, internationalism, revolution, socialism, kusankhana mitundu ndi ntchito chitukuko anali mtheradi chisonyezero cha kusagwirizana ndipo nthawi zonse presupped mabungwe kuti m'dzina la zolinga zimenezi kuyimitsa moyo wawo wamba kuti amenyane ndi mmene alili. Mamiliyoni ambiri sakanabwerera ku moyo wabwinobwino. Mwina osazindikira, nthawiyi inalinso chochitika china chomwe chikukulirakulira masiku ano: pali anthu omwe, pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, alibe chidwi cholimbana ndi zomwe zikuchitika kapena, ngati ali, alibe mikhalidwe. kapena kuvomerezeka kutero. Kaya azikonda kapena ayi, ayenera kusiya kutsatira zimene zikuchitikazo: dziko limawachitikira; palibe chimene angachite kuti izi zitheke. Pakhala pali mitundu yambiri ya anthu omwe akukumana ndi vutoli. Ndidzasiyanitsa zisanu chifukwa cha kufunikira kwake lero: mlendo, osalongosoka, osakanikirana, acedic, osatha ntchito.
Mlendo
Katswiri wina wa zachikhalidwe cha anthu wa ku Germany dzina lake Georg Simmel anapereka mawu omveka bwino pa nkhani imeneyi. Mlendo ndi munthu amene ali pakati pathu, koma sali m'gulu la anthu monga momwe timachitira. Iye ali pafupi ndi kutali, mkati ndi kunja. Muyenera kuchita naye, koma simumukhulupirira. Simmel akuwonetsa kuti, m'mbiri yakale, wamalondayo anali mlendo, munthu yemwe chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe chimalumikizana naye, koma chomwe sichinagwirizane ndi chiyanjano chokhazikika cha ubale, malo obadwira, ntchito kapena chikhalidwe. Simmel anali Myuda ndipo ankadziwa zomwe ankanena. Iye ankanena za anthu a ku Ulaya a mโnthawi yake. Dziko lachitsamunda linali kunja kwa kusanthula kwake, koma kunali komweko, monga Tocqueville adatichenjeza, kuti gawo lenileni lachilendo mu anthu a ku Ulaya likhoza kuyesedwa: atsamunda anali mlendo waparadigmatic. Masiku ano, mitundu yatsopano ya anthu yalowa m'gulu la alendo, ofunikira kwambiri kukhala osamukira kumayiko akumpoto padziko lonse lapansi, ogwira ntchito kumwera kwadziko lonse lapansi olembedwa ndi makampani akuluakulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana aku North padziko lonse lapansi komanso padziko lonse lapansi. , ogwira ntchito zachuma zamapulogalamu, omwe ndi ogwira ntchito yopereka chakudya. Timadalira anthu onsewa, nthawi zina kwambiri, koma kulimba kwa ubale kumathera pomwe ubalewo umatha.
Ubale pakati pa mlendo ndi mnansi umasintha ndi kusintha kwa mapangidwe a maubwenzi achilendo ndi oyandikana, ndipo sichiphimba ngakhale mikangano yonse ya maubwenzi. Mwachitsanzo, wapamtima ndiye mnansi wapafupi kwambiri, pamene mnansi mโlingaliro la Baibulo ndi wodabwitsa kwambiri wa anansi ake. Kuyandikana, zachilendo komanso ubwenzi wapamtima zikusintha kwambiri masiku ano, makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti pamaubwenzi apakati. Wapamtima angakhale munthu amene simugawana naye kalikonse koma mawu ndi zithunzi zomwe mumagawana pafoni yanu. Mlendo ndi munthu amene wapamtima amavomereza kuti ndi wankhanza, wosamvetsetseka, mdani, mwachidule, munthu yemwe sali wake, ngakhale mutamufuna. Chodabwitsa kwambiri chimachitika pamene ntchito za mlendo sizimaganiziridwa kuti ndizofunikira chifukwa zimaperekedwa ndi oyandikana nawo atsopano, omwe malo ochezera a pa Intaneti amalola pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo.
Osasintha
Nkhani yosokonekera m'mafakitale inali imodzi mwamitu yayikulu kwambiri mzaka za zana la 20 ku Europe ndi USA. Ambiri adzakumbukira filimu Charlie Chaplin Masiku ano. Chigawo cha mafakitale chinabweretsa kufulumira kwakukulu kwa moyo wa anthu pamagulu onse, osati m'ntchito za mafakitale komanso mukuyenda, maubwenzi apakati pa anthu, njira zokhalira pamodzi, kudya, kulankhula, kuyenda, ndi chikondi. Vutoli lidayambitsa zokambirana zachangu ndipo zida ziwiri zazikulu zidawonekera. Malinga ndi kunena kwa ena, chibadwa cha anthu sichinali chosinthika mopanda malire ndipo kukwera kwa mafakitale kunapangitsa chiwawa chotere ku kagayidwe ka anthu m'thupi kotero kuti posakhalitsa zotsatira zake zidzawonekera, ponse paลตiri pakati pa anthu ndi mayanjano. Demokalase yokhayo pamapeto pake idzavutika. Malinga ndi ena, chibadwa cha munthu chinali pulasitiki chopanda malire ndipo chikhoza kusinthidwa mosavuta ndi mayendedwe atsopano. Ndi iko komwe, Masewera a Olimpiki anali umboni wakuti anthu anali okhoza kupyola malire onse amene poyamba ankaganiziridwa kukhala osatheka. Ilo silinali phunziro lophweka; mโmalo mwake munaphatikizapo mafunso ozama anzeru okhudza chibadwa cha anthu ndi tsogolo la demokalase. Ku US, mkangano wa Walter Lippman-John Dewey unapereka mwachidule mafunso awiri ofunikira: chikhalidwe cha umunthu ndi chikhalidwe cha demokalase. Polemba mu 1922 zopinga zatsopano zomwe zimalepheretsa nzika kupeza chowonadi - makamaka atolankhani -, Lippman adadzudzula "kuwunika mwachinyengo, zolepheretsa kucheza ndi anthu, nthawi yocheperako yomwe imapezeka tsiku lililonse pakusamalira zochitika zapagulu, kupotoza komwe kumachitika chifukwa zochitika ziyenera kuphatikizidwa kukhala mauthenga afupiafupi kwambiri komanso zovuta kupanga mawu ang'onoang'ono kufotokoza dziko lovuta. " Kwenikweni mu mgwirizano pa diagnostics, Dewey ankatsutsana ndi kudalira akatswiri kubweza zolephera ndi irrationalities za chikhalidwe cha anthu, mphamvu ya nzeru pamodzi ndi kunyezimiritsa, ndi ntchito yomanga zakuya mitundu ya demokalase nawo. Pamene zokambiranazo zinkachitika, anthu a ku America anali akusintha mofulumira ndipo, pakati pa mavuto aakulu monga Kuvutika Kwakukulu, anali kusiya onse omwe sanaloledwe kuti agwirizane ndi masiku ano. Wolemba John Steinbeck Mphesa Zaukali ndi umboni womveka bwino wa kuvulala kwamkati komwe kunachitika pansi pa slogan yochuluka ya kupita patsogolo.
Olakwikawo adayiwalika ndipo adangowonekeranso pakumenyera ufulu wa anthu aku Africa-America, potsutsa nkhondo ya Vietnam, komanso chikhalidwe cha hippie cha m'ma 1960. Gulu la hippie linali lotsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu olakwika; polimbana ndi nkhondo ndi kupikisana, ahipi anatsutsa mtendere ndi chikondi. Koma analinso chisonyezero cha kugonjetsedwa kwa mbiri yakale. Mtundu wa umunthu wopanda malire udapambana ndipo udali kulira kwapang'onopang'ono, komwe kamvekedwe kake kosokoneza pamapeto pake kadasankhidwa, kukhalanso njira ina yopangira makampani azosangalatsa omwe akubwera. Izi, mwa njira, sizinali mapeto a matenda a maladaptation, anali kusintha kwake kuchoka ku kayendetsedwe ka ndale ndi chikhalidwe kukhala vuto la maganizo. Zosungunulira zosasinthika tsopano mudzaze maofesi a akatswiri a maganizo, akatswiri a maganizo, ndi akatswiri a maganizo. Enanso amadzaza ndende, malo olandirira mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi misewu ya anthu opanda pokhala. Iwo samatengera kwenikweni dziko limene akukhalamo, koma samalingalira zopanduka chifukwa alibe mphamvu zochitira zimenezo, chifukwa sadziwa nkomwe dziko lina lothekera lingakhale, kapena chifukwa chakuti iwo ali nalo. mantha ofooketsa, podziwa mtengo womwe mumalipira lero chifukwa chosamvera.
The assimilated
Gulu la ophatikizidwawo lidachokera ku utsamunda ndipo linapangidwa kuti liwonetse kagulu kakang'ono ka anthu olamulidwa ndi atsamunda omwe, kudzera m'maphunziro autsamunda, adasiya (ndi kukana) "chikhalidwe choyipa" chomwe makolo awo adapatsidwa, adaphunzira chilankhulo cha atsamunda. , chikhalidwe ndi njira zokhalira pamodzi, ndi khalidwe (mawonekedwe, osachepera) ngati akuganiza kuti ubale wa ulamuliro wa atsamunda ndi wachilengedwe. Mwa kutanthauzira, munthu wophatikizidwayo sanali wofanana ndi wokhazikika. Iwo anali gulu lapakati pakati pa "zowopsya" ndi "zotukuka za ku Ulaya". Iwo anali ndi maufulu ena, malinga ngati atsatira chikhalidwe cha atsamunda. Ndi ufulu wa maikowo, gululi linazimiririka. Koma mwanjira ina yawonekeranso m'njira zina, ku South padziko lonse lapansi komanso Kumpoto kwapadziko lonse. Kummwera kwapadziko lonse lapansi, kumapangidwa ndi magulu apakati omwe akubwera padziko lonse lapansi omwe chikhalidwe cha makolo kapena makolo amawongolera miyambo yapadera ya moyo wapagulu (ukwati, maliro), koma osati zina zambiri. Kusalamulidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha makolo sikutanthauza kuti sadziwa ndi kuyamikira. Amangoganiza kuti zasemphana ndi โmoyo wamakono wa mโtauniโ, mwachitsanzo, ku Westernization. Pachifukwa ichi, kutengeka ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri chifukwa chimakhala ndi chinthu chabwino chopandukira anthu apamwamba omwe amapempha chikhalidwe chawo kuti abise katangale, kusachita bwino, ndi mwayi wawo. Mlandu wachiwiri wofanana ndi wa anthu othawa kwawo ku Northern padziko lonse lapansi omwe amataya kapena kukana miyambo yawo yapachiyambi kuti agwirizane bwino ndi anthu omwe amadziwa kuti amadana nawo ndipo adzachita chilichonse kuti awakane. Kutengera apa ndiye mtundu wovomerezeka kwambiri wamaganizidwe.
The acedic
Monk John Cassian, akulemba m'zaka za zana la 5 BC, anali woyamba kukopa chidwi cha amonke ambiri ku Palestine, Syria ndi Egypt m'masiku oyambilira a Chikhristu, chikhalidwe chomwe adachitcha kuti acedia (kuchokera ku Greek:) akedia, kusayanjanitsika, kusowa kwa chisamaliro). Unali mkhalidwe waulesi wokhazikika, kulephera kukhazikika pa kuphunzira kapena kupembedza, kutopa m'maganizo ndi muuzimu, mphwayi, kukhumudwa, kukhumudwa, kubalalitsidwa kapena kutaya malingaliro ( peruagatio cogitacionum za mawu akale). Evagrius Ponticus anatcha acedia kuti "chiwanda cha masana", chifukwa panali masana kuti amonke anali osakhazikika m'maselo awo, tsikulo linkawoneka ngati latha maola makumi asanu ndipo moyo wawo unkawoneka wopanda tanthauzo. Cassian adamvetsetsa kuti acedia ndi chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha anthu odzipatula, kukhala m'ndende komanso kukhala chete kwa amonke, kulandidwa kwakukulu komwe kumasiyana ndi ntchito yayikulu yakuyandikira kwa Mulungu. Pambuyo pake, acedia anasandulika chimodzi mwa machimo asanu ndi awiri akupha, ulesi. Koma nthawi zonse zinali zambiri kuposa izo. Acedic ndi munthu wosayanjanitsika, osati mwa kusankha monyoza, koma chifukwa cha kulephera kusintha dziko. Ndikosavuta kutengera acedia ku kutopa, kukhumudwa, monga momwe zidalili kale m'mbuyomu. kunyong'onyeka or Weltschmerz. Koma acedia ndi woposa pamenepo. Ndi kuyesa kwa omwe amatchedwa mibadwo ya post-baby boomer (yobadwa pakati pa 1945 ndi 1964), mwachitsanzo, m'badwo wa millennials (wobadwa pakati pa Januware 1983 ndi Disembala 1994) ndi m'badwo Z (wobadwa pakati pa Januware 1995 ndi Disembala 2003), kuti asinthe. kudziko lopanda malire komanso lopanda nzeru, lomwe kusaganiza bwino, makamaka ponena za chilengedwe, kumakhala kodziwika kwambiri monga kulephera kulimbana nako. Mibadwo yatsopano sikukula msanga monga makolo awo kapena ndi zitsimikiziro zofanana. Umunthu sungakhalenso ndi moyo mwachidziwitso, kusatetezeka kwa ntchito kumalemera (nthawi zina kwambiri, nthawi zina mopepuka) pazosankha zawo komanso kuyika ndalama pamaphunziro sikutsimikizira mtundu wa mapindu omwe udali nawo (ntchito ndi chitetezo pantchito). Pali chikhumbo chopereka tanthauzo ku moyo kumlingo womwe ungagwirizane ndi kuthekera kwa kuwusintha. Kuthekera uku kuli ndi sikelo yamunthu komanso yogwirizana ndi anthu. Chidziwitso ndi mtundu womwe, chifukwa umakhala wobadwa mwachibadwa (jenda, mtundu), umakhala wosavuta kuupeza ndikuwusonkhanitsa. Chofunikira sikusintha dziko, koma kuchotsa adani kuti kukhala nawo kuzindikirike. Conformism imayamba chifukwa chosiya kufikira magwero a ulamuliro wamakono: ukapitalist, atsamunda, ndi utsogoleri. Kugwirizana kosavuta kwa kupambana kosavuta.
Zachikale
Vector iyi ya conformism ndi yaposachedwa kwambiri ndipo imachokera ku chitukuko chotchedwa Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI imatanthawuza makina omwe amagwira ntchito zachidziwitso - monga kuganiza, kumvetsetsa, kuthetsa mavuto, ndi kupanga zisankho - pogwiritsa ntchito machitidwe ophunzirira omwe sanakonzedwe bwino. Chofunikira kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa data (deta yayikulu) ndi ma algorithms omwe amapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo. Kukonzekera kwa ntchito zomwe masiku ano zimapereka ntchito kwa anthu ndi gawo lodziwika bwino la masinthidwe omwe akuchitika mothandizidwa ndi generative AI, mwachitsanzo, AI yomwe imaphunzira ndikudzikonza yokha m'njira zomwe anthu sangaziganizire (kuphunzira mozama). Kupatulapo ntchito, ndale, chikondi, chipembedzo, zachuma, luso, kulankhulana, kulenga, kugonana - mwa kuyankhula kwina, moyo wonse - zikhoza kusankhidwa mawa ndi njira zopanda anthu. Ngakhale kusintha kwa mafakitale kunayambitsa vuto la kusokonezeka kwa anthu, kusintha kwa AI kumabweretsa vuto la kutha kwa anthu. Ngati ife anthu titha kugwira ntchito, vuto silikukhudzanso conformism / nonconformism koma magwiridwe antchito / kusagwira ntchito. The kukanika si nonconformist; ndi phokoso lotayidwa. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti nonconformism imatha kupangidwanso ndi AI, koma palibe amene angatsimikize tanthauzo lazachikhalidwe kapena ndale la nonconformism. Mochuluka kotero kuti kusagwirizana kungakhale ndi cholinga chowononga mitundu ya anthu.
Pamene lero mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamaganizo ya conformism imadziwika chifukwa cha kulephera kwa kuganiza mozama, tiyenera kulingalira ngati sikunali kulingalira kwamakono kwa Kumadzulo (kovuta komanso kosatsutsika) komwe kunalephera pogawa maulalo omwe adagwirizanitsa njira zitatu zofunika zamoyo. : thupi, makhalidwe, ndi kupambana.
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