Vuto la utolankhani lakhala likukambidwa pafupifupi kuyambira chiyambi cha nyuzipepala zomwe zimafalitsidwa kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa 1919, Upton Sinclair adasindikiza Ndemanga ya Brass, kutsutsa koopsa kwa mphamvu ya capital kuwononga atolankhani ndi atolankhani. Koma kudzudzula uku kwakula m'mawu kuyambira chiyambi cha zaka chikwi zatsopano, pamene zinaonekeratu kuti kusokoneza atolankhani sikunangoyang'ana zofuna za likulu, komanso zofuna za chitetezo cha dziko. Zinali ndi kuwukira kwa Iraq (2003) kuti mtundu watsopano wa mtolankhani unatuluka, "atolankhani ophatikizidwa", mwachitsanzo, atolankhani omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi magulu ankhondo omwe akhudzidwa ndi mikangano yankhondo, omwe amangonena zomwe akuluakulu ankhondo amalola, chifukwa chake amamvera. kudziletsa kapena kudziletsa. Izi zimapanga mgwirizano wofalitsa nkhani pa nkhondo zomwe ndi gawo limodzi chabe la nkhondo ya propaganda. Patrick Lawrence, mtolankhani wamkulu waku America - monga chidwi, adalemba za Revolution ya Epulo 25, 1974 ku Portugal chifukwa cha Guardian - wolemba buku laposachedwa, Atolankhani ndi Mithunzi yawo, zikuwonetsa kuti kusintha kwa utolankhani kuti atumikire mfundo zachitetezo cha dziko kunayamba ndi Cold War kuyambira m'ma 1950 kupita mtsogolo.
Iye anati: โNdinakhala ndi moyo mโNkhondo Ya Mawu koma kwa zaka zake zoyambirira, ndipo ndimakumbukirabe bwino. Ndi chipwirikiti cha m'manyuzipepala komanso pamafunde owulutsa chomwe chimandifikira kwambiri. Zinthu izi zasiya zipsera zomwe sizitha ndi nthawi, ndipo mu izi sindingathe kukhala ndekha. Chisangalalo ichi chinali pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri mzaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Nkhani zazikuluzikulu za tsiku ndi tsiku komanso maukonde zidapatsa nthawiyo mawonekedwe ake komanso mawonekedwe ake. Anapereka Nkhondo Yozizira pakhomo pathu, ku wailesi ya galimoto yathu, mโzipinda zathu zokhalamo. Iwo anatanthawuza chikumbumtima. Iwo anauza Achimereka amene iwo anali ndi chimene chinawapanga iwo Amereka ndi palimodzi chimene chinapanga America America. Makina osindikizira aulere anali ofunikira pa chithunzithunzi ichi, ndipo anthu aku America adasamalira kufunikira kokhulupirira kuti ali nako. Manyuzipepala athu ndi maukonde adapita patsogolo kuti apereke mawonekedwe awa a ufulu ndi ufulu. Kuti ichi chinali chinyengo - kuti atolankhani aku America adadzipereka okha ku boma latsopano lachitetezo cha dziko komanso misonkhano yake yosiyanasiyana ya Cold War - tsopano ndi nkhani yotseguka ndi yotseka. Ndimachiwerengera chimodzi mwa chowonadi chowawa kwambiri chazaka makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu zisanu zapitazi za mbiri ya America. "
Funso limodzi ndilofunika kwambiri. Kodi Europe ndi North America lero alowa m'nkhondo yatsopano yofalitsa nkhani zabodza, yomwe tsopano ikuchitika ku Ukraine? Sindikukayika kuti ali.
Mafunso ambiri omwe owerenga omwe samaledzera kwambiri ndi mabodza amafunsa ndi awa. Kodi atolankhani amakhulupirira zomwe amalemba komanso zomwe amalemba? Kapena kodi akudziwa kuti akupotoza chowonadi ndi kusazindikira, koma kuti iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yosungira ntchito zawo? Mafunsowa amadzuka ndi kulimbikira makamaka ponena za zomwe olemba nkhani zankhondo kapena nthumwi zapadera zimanena za nkhondoyo. Mayankho a mafunso amenewa, ngati angathe, sadzakhala kwa zaka zambiri. Mwina ndichifukwa chake, pakadali pano, titha kungofotokoza za atolankhani omwe anali olemberana nawo nkhondo zam'mbuyomu, omwe "adalowetsedwa" mawuwo asanakhalepo, koma omwe anali olimba mtima kuti adziwone okha zomwe adaziwona ndikulemba posachedwa za zomwe adaziwona. zinali zitachitikadi. Nkhani yodziwika kwambiri ndi ya Curzio Malaparte (1898-1957) m'buku lake. Kaputi, lofalitsidwa koyamba mu 1944 ndipo linawerengedwa kuti ndi limodzi mwa mabuku abwino kwambiri onena za nkhanza za pankhondo.
Malaparte adayamba ngati wothandizira wa chifashisti cha ku Italy komanso wokonda Mussolini, koma adasweka mu 1933 ndipo adamangidwa kangapo. Kuyambira 1941, iye anayamba kuphimba Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse Corriere della Sera. Iye anali kutsogolo kwa kum'maลตa (Ukraine) ndi kumpoto kutsagana ndi asilikali Nazi. Zambiri mwazolemba zake zidawunikidwa ndipo zidangosindikizidwa pambuyo pake. Milandu itatu ikusonyeza nkhanza za nkhondo. Izi ndi nkhanza zochitidwa ndi a Nazi omwe adalumikizana nawo kwambiri, koma sitinganene kuti Allies sanachite nawonso.
Akaidi Russian ku Ukraine (panthawiyo mbali ya Soviet Union).
Atasonkhanitsidwa ku kolkhoz pafupi ndi mudzi wapafupi wa Nemyriv, akaidiwo anayesedwa kuti awone amene anali kudziลตa kuลตerenga bwino ndi amene anali wosadziลตa kulemba ndi kulemba kapena wosaphunzira. Iwo ankayenera kuwerenga Pravda. Zotsatira za mayeso operekedwa kwa akaidi 118 zinali motere:
โKufufuzako kunatenga pafupifupi ola limodzi. Gulu lomaliza la akaidi atatu litamaliza kuwerenga mphindi ziลตiri, msilikaliyo anatembenukira kwa Feldwebel nโkunena kuti, โAwerengeni!โ Feldwebel anayamba kuwerengera chapatali, akuloza munthu aliyense ndi chala chake, โEin, zwei, dreiโฆ.โ Kumanzere kunali makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri, kumanja kunali makumi atatu ndi mmodzi omwe adadutsa bwino. Kenako, msilikaliyo atalamula, Sonderfรผhrer anayamba kulankhula. Ankaoneka ngati mphunzitsi wosakhutira ndi ana asukulu ake. Ananena kuti anakhumudwa, kuti anali ndi chisoni kuti anapunthwa kwambiri, moti akanakonda kuwadutsa onse. Mulimonse mmene zingakhalire, iye anawonjezera kuti, awo amene sanapambane mโmayesowo sangakhale ndi chifukwa chodandaulira, malinga ngati agwira ntchito ndi kusonyeza luso lokulirapo kuposa limene anasonyezera kusukulu. Ali mkati molankhula, gulu la akaidi opambanawo linayangโana anzawo ovutikawo ndi mpweya wachifundo, ndipo achicheperewo anakumbatirana zigongono zawo mโnthiti za wina ndi mnzake ndikuseka. Pamene Sonderfรผhrer anamaliza kulankhula, mkuluyo anatembenukira kwa Feldwebel nati: โAlles in Ordnung. Zikomo!" ndipo ananyamuka kupita ku likulu lake kutsatiridwa ndi maofesala ena omwe ankayang'ana mmbuyo mwa apo ndi apo ndi kunong'onezana.
"Mukhala pano mpaka mawa, ndipo mawa mudzanyamuka kupita kundende yozunzirako anthu," adatero Feldwebel ku gulu lakumanzere. Kenako anatembenukira kwa gulu la kumanja lomwe linadutsa ndipo anawalamula mwankhanza kuti agwere pamzere. Akaidiwo atangopanga mzere wapafupi kugwirana mโzigongono โ ankaoneka osangalala, nโkuseka, kuyangโana anzawo ngati akumawaseka โ anawawerenganso mofulumira, nโkunena kuti, โMakumi atatu ndi chimodzi,โ nโkupanga chizindikiro. ndi dzanja lake kwa gulu la asilikali a SS akudikirira kumapeto kwa bwalo. Iye analamula kuti, โChabwino, tembenuka!โ Akaidiwo anatembenukira uku ndi uku, akumaguba akuponda mapazi awo mwamphamvu mโmatope ndipo, atakumana maso ndi maso ndi khoma lozungulira bwalo, Feldwebel analamula kuti โImani!โ Kenako anatembenukira kwa amuna a SS amene anali ataima pamzere kumbuyo kwa akaidiwo ndipo anali atakweza kale mfuti zawo zazikulu, iye anakonza kukhosi kwake, nalavulira pansi ndi kufuula kuti, โMoto!โ
Atamva phokoso lamfuti, msilikaliyo, yemwe anali pafupi ndi ofesiyo, anaima, ndipo anatembenuka mwadzidzidzi; Alonda enawo anayima natembenuka. Msilikaliyo anatambasula dzanja lake pankhope ngati akupukuta thukuta, kenako apolisi ake analowa mโnyumbayo. podutsa ine. "Russia iyenera kuchotsedwa pazovuta zonse zophunzirazi. Anthu wamba ndi antchito omwe amatha kuwerenga ndi kulemba bwino kwambiri ndi owopsa. Onse ndi achikomyunizimu.โ
Mahule achiyuda aku Romania
Atsikana achiyuda achi Romania adatumizidwa kutsogolo kukatumikira asitikali aku Germany ndi maofesala kwa masiku makumi awiri m'nyumba zogona. Malaparte anachezera mmodzi wa iwo ku Soroca pa Mtsinje wa Diniester, umene tsopano uli mbali ya Moldavia. Unali madzulo ndipo Malaparte anacheza ndi atsikana ena. โO, ayi! Pambuyo pa masiku makumi awiri a ntchito iyi sitiyenera kuchita kalikonse. Ndinawawona - ndinawawona ena. " Anasweka ndipo ndinaona kuti milomo yake ikunjenjemera. Tsiku limenelo anayenera kugonjera asilikali makumi anayi ndi atatu ndi akuluakulu asanu ndi mmodzi. Iye anaseka. Sanathenso kukhala ndi moyo. Kutopa kwakuthupi kunali koipa kuposa kunyansidwako. โZoipa kuposa kunyansidwako,โ iye mobwerezabwereza akumwetulira.
Ndinamva kuti patapita masiku awiri anatengedwa. Masiku makumi awiri aliwonse a Germany amapereka kusintha kwa atsikana. Anthu amene anachoka mโnyumba ya mahuleyo anawalowetsa mโgalimoto nโkutsikira kumtsinje. Pambuyo pake Schenck anandiuza kuti sikunali koyenera kuwamvera chisoni kwambiri. Sanayenerenso kuchita kalikonse. Anasanduka nsanza, komanso anali Ayuda.โ
"Kodi ankadziwa kuti adzaphedwa?" anafunsa Ilse.
โIwo ankadziwa izo. Ananjenjemera ndi mantha. O, iwo ankadziwa izo! Aliyense ankadziwa ku Soroca. "
Kudzipha kutsogolo kwa kumpoto.
Pofika mโchaka cha 1941, akuluakulu ambiri a ku Germany ankakhulupirira kuti dziko la Germany likhoza kugonja pankhondoyo. Kumpoto chakumpoto, monganso mbali zina, kudzipha kwa msilikali kunayamba kuchitika pafupipafupi kotero kuti Himmler adayendera kutsogolo ndi ndondomeko yochepetsera kudzipha ... polanga wodziphayo. Lipoti lapangidwanso ndi Malaparte: โNdizowopsa! Nthawi zonse, usana ndi usiku, pomwe kudzipha pakati pa maofesala ndi abambo kukuchulukirachulukira. Himmler yekha wabwera kumpoto kudzayesa kuthetsa mliri wodzipha uwu. Adzamanga akufa. Adzawaika mโmanda ndi kuwamanga manja. Akuganiza kuti akhoza kusiya kudzipha mwa mantha. Anali ndi atatu Alpenjรคgers adawomberedwa dzulo chifukwa adayesa kudzipachika. Himmler sadziลตa kuti kufa ndi chinthu chodabwitsa.โ Anandiyang'ana ndi maso a akufa. โAmbiri adziwombera pamutu. Ambiri amadzimira m'mitsinje ndi nyanja - ndi ang'ono kwambiri pakati pathu. Ena amangoyendayenda mโnkhalango mosangalala.โ
Izi ndi nkhani zitatu zoopsa za nkhondo. Ndi nkhanza zingati zamtunduwu kapena zamtundu wina zomwe zidachitika ku Korea, Vietnam, Iraq ndi Afghanistan, kapena zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano ku Syria, Yemen ndi Ukraine? Tikudziwa kale zambiri za zakale, koma sitidzadziwa zambiri za izi mpaka zaka zambiri kuchokera pano, ngati pali atolankhani ngati Curzio Malaparte.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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