M'masiku otsatira chivomezi choopsa chomwe chinachitika ku Ecuador pa 16 Epulo, mizere yolipira m'masitolo akuluakulu inali yayitali kwambiri. Anthu wamba aku Ecuador ochokera m'mitundu yonse adasonkhana kuti agule chakudya, madzi akumwa ndi zinthu zina zofunika kwa omwe akhudzidwa. Linali tsoka lachilengedwe loipitsitsa kwambiri m’dzikolo m’zaka 70, lomwe linapha anthu pafupifupi 1,000, oposa 10,000 opanda pokhala, ndipo linawononga ndalama za $3 biliyoni.
Chivomezicho chinachitika pamene dzikoli likulowa m'chuma - mitengo ya mafuta padziko lonse yafika pansi ndipo boma lidayenera kale kuchepetsa ndalama za anthu, makamaka pa ntchito zamalonda. Ngakhale kuti chuma sichikuyenda bwino, Purezidenti Rafael Correa akadali wandale wotchuka kwambiri mdziko muno.
Chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa Correa, makamaka pakati pa osauka a dzikolo, ndi chosavuta. Chiyambireni chisankho chake mu 2006 umphawi watsala pang'ono kutha, kuchoka pa 45 mpaka 25 peresenti ndipo kusalingana kwatsika kwambiri. Pamodzi ndi misonkho yokwera ya olemera, pakhala kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zogulira ndalama zothandizira nyumba, kusamutsira osauka ndalama, ndi kuwirikiza kaŵiri kwa ndalama za maphunziro a boma. Komanso, zomangamanga m'dziko lonselo zapita patsogolo, chifukwa cha misewu yambiri yatsopano, mayunivesite ndi zoyendera za anthu onse.
Correa yabweretsanso bata landale. Pakati pa 1996 ndi 2007 Ecuador idadutsa apurezidenti asanu ndi atatu ndi zovuta ziwiri zandale ndi zachuma. Podzafika nthawi yomwe Correa amasiya utsogoleri mu 2017, adzakhala atalamulira kwa zaka 10, nthawi yayitali kuposa purezidenti aliyense kuyambira Eloy Alfaro, mmodzi mwa oyambitsa dziko, amene adasiya udindo mu 1911.
Mbali ina imene boma lakumana ndi mavuto posachedwapa ndi pa ubale wake ndi magulu a anthu. Gawo lalikulu la gulu lachibadwidwe, zipani zing'onozing'ono zotsalira kumanzere, magulu a zachilengedwe, ndi gulu la bungwe la mgwirizanowu adzudzula Purezidenti chifukwa chobwerera m'mbuyo pa malonjezo osiyanasiyana opita patsogolo ndi kulamulira mwaulamuliro. Iwo amati walephera kuchoka ku 'extractivism' ndi kudalira mafuta, kuteteza mwamphamvu chilengedwe, komanso kuphatikizapo magulu a anthu pakupanga ndondomeko zake. Chofunika kwambiri mwa maguluwa ndi gulu la anthu a m'mayiko ena, omwe, ngakhale kuti ali ndi magawo apakati, anganene kuti akuimira 10 peresenti ya anthu.
Dzikoli limadalira kwambiri mafuta. Pafupifupi theka la ndalama zogulitsa kunja kwa Ecuador zimachokera ku mafuta otumizidwa kunja ndipo, nthawi zina, malingana ndi mtengo wa mafuta, izi zimapereka gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a bajeti ya boma. Ngakhale mavuto azachuma padziko lonse a 2008, Ecuador adatha kukhalabe olimba pachaka GDP kukula kwa 2000 peresenti pakati pa 2012 ndi XNUMX. US dola monga ndalama yake potsatira kusokonekera kwachuma mchaka cha 2000 kusokoneza ndondomeko yazachuma kobiri.
Ngakhale kuti Ecuador ndi dziko lolandirira alendo, ena amaonanso kuti ndilokhazikika komanso lotsekedwa. Mwachitsanzo, kuchotsa mimba n’koletsedwa pafupifupi m’mikhalidwe yonse. Komanso, maganizo odzimvera m’kalasi akadali ponseponse. Komabe dzikoli likhoza kudzitama kuti linaphatikizapo lingaliro lachibadwidwe la moyo wabwino (kukhala ndi moyo wabwino) mu malamulo ake a 2008 ndipo potero anathandizira pa zokambirana zapadziko lonse za momwe mungapezere anthu osagula komanso ogwirizana ndi chilengedwe.
Malo osiyanasiyana a Ecuador - kuphatikizapo Amazon, magombe okongola, nkhalango zamapiri, zilumba za Galapagos ndi mapiri ochititsa chidwi - komanso anthu ake osiyanasiyana komanso ndale, zimapanga dziko losasangalatsa kwambiri. Tsopano popeza magulu ankhondo aku Latin America akuyesera kubweza zomwe zimatchedwa 'pinki tide' m'derali, cholinga chawo chotsatira chidzakhala Ecuador ndipo mosakayikira zikhala zokondweretsa kwambiri.
Greg Wilpert
mtsogoleri | Purezidenti Rafael Correa Delgado. |
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Economy | GNI pa munthu $6,090 (Peru $6,360, United States $55,230). Ecuador idalephera kubweza ngongole yake mu 2008 ndipo pambuyo pake idathetsa mapangano azachuma, kuphatikiza umodzi ndi US. Correa yatembenukira ku China m'malo mwake: mu Disembala 2013 adagwirizana ndi Beijing yopereka $ 9.9 biliyoni pasadakhale kugulitsa mafuta ndikuthandizira bajeti. Dzikoli likudalirabe mafuta mopanda thanzi, makamaka popeza mitengo yapadziko lonse ili yotsika kwambiri. |
Kutumiza kwakukulu kunja | Mafuta, nthochi, maluwa odulidwa, shrimps, koko, khofi, nkhuni, nsomba. |
Ndalama ya ndalama | US dollar (kuyambira 2000). |
anthu | 15.9 miliyoni. Kukula kwapachaka ndi 1.5%. Anthu pa kilomita lalikulu 64 (UK 267). |
Health | Imfa za makanda 18 pa 1,000 obadwa amoyo (Peru 13, US 6). Chiwopsezo cha moyo wonse cha imfa ya amayi 1 mwa 440 (US 1 mwa 1,800). Kuchuluka kwa kachirombo ka HIV ndi 0.3%. |
Environment | Ecuador ili ndi zamoyo zambiri pa lalikulu kilomita imodzi kuposa dziko lina lililonse padziko lapansi. Ndilonso dziko lokhalo lomwe malamulo ake amavomereza kuti chilengedwe chili ndi ufulu wokhalapo ndikutukuka. Mu 2007 boma la Correa lidapereka njira ya Yasuní- ITT, kuti apeze ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi kuti ateteze gawo lofunikira la Amazon kuti asagwiritse ntchito mafuta. Ntchitoyi idakanika, ndipo kufufuza mafuta kudayamba ku Yasuní National park mu 2016. |
Language | Chisipanishi ndicho chinenero chovomerezeka, ndipo Quechua ndi chinenero chimene chimalankhulidwa kwambiri m’zinenero za eni dzikolo. Pamodzi ndi Shuar, Quechua amatchulidwa kuti 'chinenero chovomerezeka cha maubwenzi amitundu yosiyanasiyana'. |
Religion | Akatolika 74.0%, Evangelical Protestant 10.4%, Mboni za Yehova 1.2%, ena kapena osakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu 14.4%. |
Human Development index | 0.711, 98th ya mayiko 188 (Peru 0.737, US 0.914). |
Kugawa ndalama | Kusalingana ndi umphawi zatsika kwambiri m'zaka 10 zapitazi. Dzikoli likadali ndi ulendo wautali. |
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Freedom | Ufulu wolankhula, kusonkhana ndi kusonkhana ndizotsimikizika kwathunthu. Komabe, kuipitsa mbiri ya akuluakulu aboma kungathebe kuwaimba mlandu, monganso m’mayiko ena ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. |
Udindo wa akazi | Mkhalidwe wa amayi wakhala ukuyenda bwino kuyambira m'ma 1990. Komabe, kuchotsa mimba kumakhalabe koletsedwa. |
Kulemba | Pa 94.5%, anthu odziwa kulemba ndi kuwerenga nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera, koma mitengo ikadali yotsika kwambiri pakati pa anthu amtunduwu. |
Kukhala ndi moyo | Zaka 76 (Peru 75, US 79). |
Ochepa ogonana | Mu 2016 Ecuador posachedwapa idapereka chilolezo chalamulo ku maukwati apachiweniweni kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kusankhana pazifukwa zokhuza kugonana sikuloledwa. Gulu la LGBT likugwira ntchito ndipo limapanga maulendo apachaka a Gay Pride m'dziko lonselo. |
Kuwunika kwa NI (Ndale) | Kusankhidwa kwa Correa mu 2006 kunayimira kusintha kwakukulu ku Ecuador. Ndale za dziko n’zokhazikika kwambiri, katangale ndi umbanda n’zochepa kwambiri, mabungwe aboma akuyenda bwino, ndipo kutenga nawo mbali pazandale n’kwamphamvu m’magawo onse. Amakhalabe chidwi chachikulu kumadera aku Latin America otsutsana ndi neoliberalism - Union of South American Nations yakhazikitsa HQ yake ku Quito. Purezidenti, komabe, amatha kunena mwaukali kwa omwe amamutsutsa, kaya kuchokera kumanzere kapena kumanja. |
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama