Tassos Tsakiroglou: Kodi mukuwona kufunikira kofulumira kotani kuti timvetsetse kulumikizana pakati pa kuzama kwa chuma cha capitalist ndi chiwopsezo chazachilengedwe chomwe chikukula mwachangu?
John Bellamy Foster: Kufulumira kumvetsetsa kugwirizana pakati pa zachuma mkangano ndi zachilengedwe zadzidzidzi zimachokera ku ziwopsezo zophatikizana zomwe zimabweretsa kuzinthu zakuthupi za anthu padziko lapansi komanso kupulumuka kwanthawi yayitali kwa anthu. Pamwamba, iwo akhoza kuwoneka ngati akuyimira zovuta, ngakhale zotsutsana kwambiri. Kulumikizana kwawo kwenikweni kumawonekera pokhapokha titalowa mulingo wa kupanga ndikufika powawona ngati okhazikika munjira yomwe ikusonkhanitsa ndalama. Masiku ano palibe kutuluka muvuto lazachuma komanso zachilengedwe zomwe zimativutitsa zomwe sizikufuna kutuluka mu capitalism.
Mumasiyanitsa pakati pa zomwe zilipo "Epochal crisis" ndi "zovuta zachitukuko wamba." Ndi kusiyana kotani kwenikweni?
Mavuto azachuma anthawi ndi nthawi omwe amakhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka bizinesi ndi gawo lodziwikiratu la njira yopezera ndalama. Monopoly capitalism imakhalanso ndi chizolowezi chochita stagnation kapena kuchepa kwa nthawi yayitali pakukula kwakukula. Kukula kwapang'onopang'ono tsopano ndikofala mu ukapolo wokhwima - womwe umatsutsana ndi ndalama za chuma, zomwe zili ndi zoopsa zake zokha. Pamodzi zochitika izi zikuphatikiza zomwe tingatchule zovuta zachuma kapena "zachitukuko".
Koma tikhoza kulankhula za zikamera pa nthawi zina kusintha mbiri ya anthu chodabwitsa cha "Epochal crisis" m'lingaliro la zovuta zamapangidwe a njira yonse yopangira, pomwe dongosololi limatsutsana ndi malire ake otha: mkati ndi kunja. Vuto lachikale loterolo limawonekera pakuchepetsa kwa onse zinthu zakuthupi: zachuma ndi zachilengedwe. Masiku ano ngozi ya chilengedwe ya dziko lapansi ndi yaikulu kwambiri kotero kuti mgwirizano wa sayansi umatiuza kuti kupulumuka kwa nthawi yaitali kwa umunthu kumakayikiridwa; pamene panthaลตi imodzimodziyo timayangโanizana ndi kusokonekera kwachuma ndi kusoลตa ndalama. Zonse pamodzi mikhalidwe imeneyi ikuimira mavuto a nyengo yonse ya mbiri ya anthu.
Panthawi yamavuto, makampani akuluakulu azama TV ndi olankhulana amathandizira kwambiri kuti pakhale bata, kulungamitsa mapologalamu ochepetsetsa komanso kuipitsa mbiri ya kukana ndale. Kodi pali njira ina ina iliyonse?
Kupatulapo kufalikira kwa malingaliro a capitalism pomwe gulu lomwe limakhala ndi njira zopangira zinthu nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi njira zopangira malingaliro (ie kulumikizana) - monga Marx ndi Engels adanenera. Malingaliro Achijeremani - pali zovuta zapawayilesi zomwe zimagwirizana ndi nthawi yathu. Zonse zofalitsa zachikhalidwe komanso utolankhani waukatswiri zikuthetsedwa mwachangu ndi intaneti, yomwe ikuyamba kulamulidwa ndi liwiro la kuwala. Izi zikutanthauza, monga Robert McChesney zikutsutsana mu February likubwerali la Ndemanga ya Mwezi uliwonse, tiyenera: (1) kuona maulamuliro atsopano a pa intaneti ngati mitundu ya ndalama zokhala ndi mphamvu zokhazokha ndikutsutsa maziko awo enieni; ndi (2) kuchitira utolankhani ngati chinthu chabwino kwa anthu chomwe chimafunikira thandizo la anthu ngati chikhalidwe cha demokalase chiyenera kutsimikiziridwa. Ndipo ichi chikanakhala chiyambi chabe cha kupanduka kwa ofalitsa. Monga momwe amatsutsira mu Mwezi wa July-August 2013 of Ndemanga ya Mwezi uliwonse kumanzere kumafunikira kutsitsimutsanso kutsutsa kwake kwakukulu kwa zida zachikhalidwe zomwe zidayamba pang'ono kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1960 (zokhazikika m'malingaliro akale a Bertolt Brecht) koma pambuyo pake anaiwalika.
Kuno ku Greece tili ndi ziwonetsero zambiri zokhuza ziphuphu za mamiliyoni a mayuro kuchokera ku ziphuphu zochokera ku zida zankhondo. M'modzi mwa nduna zakale ali kale kundende. Kodi ndalama zamagulu ankhondo ndi zotani?
Mtengo wa chikhalidwe cha anthu usilikali capitalist ndi zazikulu monga mtengo wa njira yopangira capitalist yokha: kusagwirizana, kudyeredwa masuku pamutu, zinyalala, chiwonongeko, katangale wofalikira, komanso kuyang'anira magulu athu - miyoyo ya anthu yomwe yatayika ndi ukadaulo. Asilikali amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga chuma cha dziko la imperialist intact - kuletsa kusintha, ndikuwonetsetsa kuponderezedwa. Kutsutsa zankhondo ndi imperialism ndiye chofunikira choyamba cha gulu lolimbana ndi dziko lonse lapansi.
Kodi vuto la capitalism likupita kuti demokalase ya anthu, kupatsidwa ulamuliro wa neoliberalism ndi chiwonongeko cha Welfare State?
Neoliberalism imayimira imfa ya demokalase ya anthu mu m'badwo wa Global monopoly-finance capital. Demokalase ya anthu imayenera kukhala "ukapitalizimu wokhala ndi nkhope yamunthu." Malo ochepa kwambiri amakhalabe mu dongosolo ngakhale kunamizira izi. Kuopsa kwa kumanzere kuyang'ana critque yake zolimbitsa thupi m'malo mwa capitalism yokha ndikuti izi nthawi zambiri zimabisa chikhumbo chofuna kubwezeretsa demokalase ya chikhalidwe cha anthu m'malo mozindikira zenizeni zomwe zilipo komanso kuti kupita patsogolo kulikonse kumafuna sosholizimu yeniyeni monga cholinga chake. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti tiyenera kusiya kumenyera masinthidwe koma masiku ano akuyenera kulumikizana nawo njira kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu. Palibe pakati kapena Njira Yachitatu.
Mwanena zimenezo "[I] m'nkhani yamavuto omwe alipo pano pali umboni wamphamvu wa kutsitsimuka kwa kafukufuku wa Marxist." Mumamvetsetsa bwanji izi?
Jean-Paul Sartre nthawi ina analemba kuti "Mkangano wotsutsa Marxist ndi kukonzanso kowonekera kwa lingaliro la Marxist." Chomwe ankatanthauza chinali chakuti sikunali kosatheka kuwongolera kukonda chuma chambiri m'nkhondo iliyonse yopita patsogolo, popeza idayimira gulu losintha la anthu oponderezedwa. Chitsitsimutso cha kusanthula kwa Marxian ndi chinthu chosapeลตeka cha kubwerera kwa mbiriyakale: ya kulimbana pamodzi osati kungomvetsetsa dziko koma kusintha.
John Bellamy Foster ndi editor wa Ndemanga ya Mwezi uliwonse ndi pulofesa wa chikhalidwe cha anthu ku yunivesite ya Oregon. Buku lake laposachedwa, lolembedwa ndi Robert W. McChesney, ndi Vuto Losatha: Momwe Monopoly-Finance Capital Imapangira Kuyimirira ndi Chisokonezo kuchokera ku USA kupita ku China (New York: Nyuzipepala ya Monthly Review, 2012). Kusindikiza kwatsopano kwa bukhu lake Chiphunzitso cha Monopoly Capitalism idzasindikizidwa mu April 2014. Tassos Tsakiroglou ndi mkonzi wa ndale ku Athens-based Journal of Editors (ฮฯฮทฮผฮตฯฮฏฮดฮฑ ฯฯฮฝ ฮฃฯ ฮฝฯฮฑฮบฯฯฮฝ/ฮfimerida ton Syntakton). Tsatirani Tsakiroglou pa Twitter @tsakir. Kuyankhulana koyambirira mu Chigriki kungawerengedwe pawww.efsyn.gr/?p=165468>.
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