Chitsime: Independent Media Institute
Chaka chilichonse, bungwe la International Monetary Fund (IMF) limasonkhana ku likulu lake ku Washington, DC Chaka chino, IMF idzakumana motsogoleredwa ndi mtsogoleri watsopano, Kristalina Georgieva, yemwe adawoloka msewu kuchokera ku World Bank kuti atenge ulamuliro. izi ndi Christine Lagarde. Lagarde, monga zimachitika, akukonzekera kuwoloka nyanja ya Atlantic kuti atenge European Central Bank. Pali masewera a mipando yoimba pamwamba. Mabungwe owerengeka akuwoneka kuti akulowa ndi kutuluka pantchito izi.
Kwa zaka 40 zapitazi, IMF yakhala ndi ndondomeko yofanana: kuwonetsetsa kuti mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene akutsatira malamulo oyendetsera dziko lonse lapansi okhazikitsidwa ndi mayiko otsogola. Ulamuliro wa mayiko omwe akutukuka kumenewa wakhala wopanda ntchito, chifukwa maboma awo akuyenera kuvomereza kukakamizidwa ndi IMF pazachuma ndi ndondomeko zandalama komanso zamalonda ndi chitukuko. Kuyesa kulikonse kuphwanya zikhulupiriro za IMF kumakumana ndi zilango zambiri, kuphatikizapo kuvomera kwa IMF kulinga kwa obwereketsa apadziko lonse lapansi kuti asabwereke dziko lomwe akuwona kuti ndi chipongwe. Ndalama zimangopita kumayiko omwe akuvutika ngati avomereza ndondomeko yonse yokhazikitsidwa kwa iwo osati ndi opanga malamulo awo, koma ndi akatswiri azachuma ku IMF ku Washington, DC.
Pazaka makumi anayi izi, moto wayaka m'misewu ya mayiko omwe adapita ku IMF ndikukakamiza anthu awo kuti azikhala mwamtendere. M'zaka za m'ma 1980, zipolowe izi zinkatchedwa "ziwopsezo za IMF." Zinali zodziwikiratu kwa aliyense kuti ndondomeko za IMF zidapangitsa anthu osowa chochita kupita m'misewu. Dzina loperekedwa ku zipolowe zimenezi linali lolondola. Kutsindika kunayenera kukhala pa IMF osati pa zipolowe zomwezo. Zodziwika kwambiri za zipolowezi zinachitika ku Venezuela - Caracazo ya 1989 - yomwe inatsegula njira yomwe inabweretsa Hugo Chavez kulamulira ndipo inayambitsa Bolivarian Revolution. Ndizomveka kutcha Arab Spring ya 2011 chipolowe cha IMF chifukwa zidakhumudwitsidwa ndi mfundo za IMF zochepetsetsa kuphatikiza ndi kukwera kwamitengo yazakudya. Zipolowe zomwe zikuchitika kuchokera ku Pakistan kupita ku Ecuador ziyenera kuperekedwa chifukwa cha zipolowe za IMF.
Poyankha zipolowezi, bungwe la IMF lagwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo chatsopano pofotokoza ndondomeko zakale zomwezo. Timamva za "mayanjano a anthu" komanso za Structural Adjustment 2.0 ndiyeno "kuchuluka kwamphamvu" kodabwitsa. Zokambirana za jenda ndi chilengedwe mu IMF zonse zili zabwino, koma awa ndi mawu chabe omwe amakongoletsedwa ndi ulamuliro wokhazikika wokhazikika womwe umatanthauzira IMF Article IV Consultations ndi IMF Staff Papers. Pansi pa kumwetulira pali chigaza - kudalira koyipa kwa mfundo zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa malipiro komanso kuchepa kwa mabungwe aboma, ndi kumangidwa kwa manja pakugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zaboma komanso kumasula mabungwe. Kulankhula kokoma sikupangitsa kuti ndondomekoyi ikhale yovuta.
Anthu aku Ecuador adatsutsa zomwe Purezidenti Moreno adachita ndi IMF. Anayenera kubwereranso ku zochepetsera za ndalama zamafuta. Moreno analibe chochita. Zionetserozo zikanangomugwetsa pansi ngati akanagwira mzere. Koma tsopano Moreno ayenera kubwerera ku IMF. Ngati zikhalidwe za demokalase zikadakhalapo, ndiye kuti IMF iyenera kulemekeza "referendum" ya anthu aku Ecuador. Koma palibe demokalase mu IMF. Imaguba kupita ku ng'oma ya wopereka ndalama zake wamkulu. Pakadali pano, United States ndi 16.52 peresenti ya magawo ovota ali ndi mavoti ambiri pagulu. Otsatira kumbuyo ndi Japan (6.15 peresenti), China (6.09 peresenti), Germany (peresenti 5.32) kenako UK ndi France, iliyonse ndi 4.03 peresenti. Ndi "msonkhano," mutu wa IMF ndi wa ku Ulaya, koma azungu salamulira IMF. Mu 1998, New York Times tiyeni tizembe kuti IMF "imagwira ntchito ngati galu wa US Treasury." US ili ndi veto yothandiza pa mfundo za IMF. Zikagwirizana ndi zofuna za US, IMF Orthodox imayimitsidwa (monga motsutsana ndi Egypt ya Mubarak mu 1987 ndi 1991). Zikayenera US kuyika zomangira pa dziko, ndizomwe IMF imachita. Demokalase ya anthu aku Ecuador ilibe ntchito; chomwe chili chofunikira ndikuti iwo - ndi mbedza kapena mwachinyengo - amagwada pamaso pa zomwe IMF, ndipo kumbuyo kwawo United States imati. Moreno adachotsa zochepetsera ndalama zothandizira. Koma nโkutheka kuti mumdima adzabweza mabala amenewa pansi pa dzina lina. IMF sidzayimira chilichonse chocheperapo.
Zotsatira za zikhulupiriro za IMF nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakupha, ndipo nkhani ya Malawi imakhala yowawa kwambiri. Mu 1996, ogwira ntchito ku IMF adakakamiza boma la Malawi kuti likhazikitse mabungwe ake otukula zaulimi ndi malonda. Bungweli linali ndi katundu wa chimanga mโMalawi, ndipo linkalamulira mitengo yogulitsa mbewu mโdzikoli. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa kampaniyi mchaka cha 1999 kunasiya boma la Malawi likusowa njira zotetezera anthu ake pakagwa ngozi. Pakati pa Okutobala 2001 ndi Marichi 2002, mtengo wa chimanga unakwera ndi 400 peresenti. Kusefukira kwa madzi mu 2000-2001 ndi chaka cha chilala kunapangitsa kupanga chakudya m'dzikolo kukhala pamavuto. Anthu anayamba kufa ndi njalaโochuluka mpaka 3,000. IMF sinasinthe. Dziko la Malawi likuyenera kupitiriza kulipira ngongole zake. Mu 2002, idawononga $70 miliyoni pakubweza ngongole, zomwe zinali 20 peresenti ya bajeti yake yadziko lonse (zoposa zomwe dziko la Malawi lidagwiritsa ntchito pa zaumoyo, maphunziro, ndi ulimi zitaphatikizidwa). Panalibe njira yopulumutsira ku Malawi, yomwe vuto la chakudya likupitilirabe mpaka lero. Mtsogoleri wa dziko la Malawi pa nthawiyo, a Bakili Muluzi, anati, โIMF ndiyomwe yachititsa kuti pakhale vuto lalikulu la chakudya.โ Zomwe zidachitikira dziko la Malawi mchaka cha 2002 ndizomwe zidachitika kumayiko ambiri omwe adakhala ndi mpeni wa IMF.
Palibe aliyense mumsonkhano wa IMF amene angayankhe funso la demokalase, potengera momwe IMF ikugwirira ntchito komanso ubale wa IMF ndi mayiko odziyimira pawokha padziko lonse lapansi. Misewu yaku Ecuador idakana mgwirizano wa IMF. Oponya zisankho ku Argentina adzachitanso chimodzimodzi pakangopita milungu ingapo. Kodi padzakhala malo oti muyambe kukambirana tsopano za kusiyana pakati pa mfundo za IMF ndi demokalase? Phunziro lalikulu la zipolowezi sikuti anthu akufuna ndalama zothandizira mafuta kapena ndalama zokhazikika; chimene iwo akufuna kuposa chirichonse ndi ulamuliro wa demokalase pa chuma chawo.
Nkhaniyi idapangidwa ndi Chizindikiro, ntchito ya Independent Media Institute.
Vijay Prashad ndi wolemba mbiri waku India, mkonzi komanso mtolankhani. Iye ndi wolemba mnzake komanso mtolankhani wamkulu ku Chizindikiro, pulojekiti ya Independent Media Institute. Iye ndi mkonzi wamkulu wa LeftWord Books ndi mkulu wa Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research. Walemba mabuku oposa makumi awiri, kuphatikizapo Mitundu Yakuda: Mbiri ya Anthu ya Dziko Lachitatu (The New Press, 2007), Mayiko Osauka: Mbiri Yotheka ya Global South (Chiwerengero, 2013), Imfa ya Mtundu ndi Tsogolo la Revolution Yachiarabu (University of California Press, 2016) ndi Red Star Padziko Lachitatu (LeftWord, 2017). Amalembera pafupipafupi Frontline, Hindu, Newsclick, AlterNet ndi BirGรผn.
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