Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Shell Dog/Shutterstock.com
David Barsamian: mliri. Pepani mawu amwanowa, koma aku America akugwa ngati ntchentche, kufa mphindi imodzi, milandu 150,000 yatsopano tsiku lililonse. NPR ikunena za "chithunzi choyipa m'dziko lonselo," ndipo "zipatala zachepa." Mutu wankhani wa New York Times: “Pamene Kuphulika Kukufalikira, Palibe Ngodya ya Mtundu Imapulumuka. Zomwe zidayamba ngati mafunde akumadzulo akumadzulo, zakula kukhala tsoka lochokera kugombe kupita kugombe. ” Ndi anthu akunyalanyaza malangizo a CDC okhudza kuyenda ndi kusonkhana mwaunyinji, tikulowera kunthawi yatchuthi. Padzakhala zochulukira, monga amanenera atolankhani, zochitika zowopsa m'tsogolo, 300,000 akufa, 400,000 akufa, ndi zina zotero. Ngati izi siziri ngozi yadziko, sindikudziwa chomwe chiri. Kodi ziyenera kuchitidwa chiyani?
Noam Chomsky: Zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika ndikutsata upangiri wa asayansi ndi mayiko omwe adawongolera bwino. Sizosapeŵeka. Tingaone zimenezi pa mfundo yakuti maiko ena, olemera ndi osauka, achita bwino kwambiri. China, mwachitsanzo, yangobwerera kuntchito, pali milandu yochepa kwambiri. Vietnam, kumalire a China, pafupifupi palibe milandu. New Zealand kwenikweni ikulamulidwa, Australia ili pansi pa ulamuliro. South Korea, Taiwan, Senegal, Kenya, mayiko a Nordic si oipa kwambiri.
Pali malo omwe amayendetsedwa mochulukirapo, ndipo ndi mayiko amitundu yosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimatiuza kuti ndizotheka, koma popanda utsogoleri, nthawi zambiri amakana kuti zikuchitika. Izo zimasefa mpaka ku chiwerengero cha anthu. Tawonapo malipoti a anthu aku Dakotas akumwalira m'mabedi azachipatala a COVID ndikuuza anamwino kuti zonsezi ndi zabodza, sizikuchitika. Mumayendetsa mozungulira, nthawi zambiri ndimakhala kunyumba, koma ndimayendetsa nthawi zina. Ndiye muwona anthu akusonkhana m'masitolo akuluakulu, opanda masks, makhalidwe abwino, zomwe zidzachitika.
Nanga bwanji lingaliro ili lomwe mumamva m'magulu ena a ufulu wa munthu payekha motsutsana ndi udindo wapagulu?
Ufulu waumwini ndi lingaliro lofuna kudziwa. Ndikutanthauza, kodi muli ndi ufulu woyendetsa kumanzere kwa msewu ngati mukufuna? Kodi muli ndi ufulu woyendayenda m'malo ogulitsira mfuti? Izi ndi zomwe zikutanthawuza kupita ku zochitika zapagulu kapena malo opezeka anthu ambiri osavala chigoba. Ndiko kuwopseza miyoyo ya anthu mozama. Umenewo siufulu wapayekha. Chilolezocho ndi chosavomerezeka. Palibe amene amavomereza zinthu zomwe ndafotokozazi. Ngati mukufuna kusankha kuti musavale chigoba, zili bwino, khalani kunyumba, osayika ena pachiwopsezo.
Panthawi ina, posachedwa ndikuyembekeza, padzakhala katemera. Koma kodi tikufuna kuti tituluke bwanji mu mliriwu komanso mavuto azachuma? Ma status quo ante?
Mwina padzakhala katemera. Pali ena omwe ali m'magawo apamwamba kwambiri oyesa. Zotsogola kwambiri, monga ndikudziwira, ndizosatchulika ku United States, katemera waku China. Akugwiritsa ntchito kale anthu ambiri ngakhale izi zitha kukhala zabwino kapena ayi. Kuti sindingathe kuweruza, koma zikuwoneka kuti zapita patsogolo kwambiri, ndipo zimatengedwa mozama ndi asayansi aku America. Sitikumva za izo. Sizipezeka kwa aku America ngati zigwira ntchito. Pali katemera omwe akupangidwa pano, omwe amatchedwa "katemera wa Pfizer," omwe adapangidwa ndi anthu awiri osamukira ku Turkey ku Germany, ogulitsidwa ndi Pfizer. Ndi katemera wa Moderna, awa akhoza kubwera. Pali katemera wa Oxford. Ndiye pamabwera funso, kodi anthu adzazitenga, zingagawidwe kwa anthu omwe akuzifuna? Ndipo amenewo ndi mafunso otseguka. Pali zisankho za ndondomeko zomwe zikugwirizana ndi izi.
Kotero mwachitsanzo, pali mgwirizano wapadziko lonse, COVAX, 160 kapena mayiko 70, omwe akhala akuyesetsa kuyesera kupanga mgwirizano pa chitukuko cha katemera, zomwe mwachiwonekere ndi njira yabwino kwambiri. Deta iyenera kugawidwa mwaufulu, osati kutsatiridwa ndi mabungwe apadera ndi maboma omwe amawathandiza. Ayenera kugawidwa momasuka, ayenera kukhala ambiri kuchitapo kanthu, pasakhale monopolization wa katemera. Payenera kuperekedwa kugaŵira kwa anthu padziko lonse amene akuifuna, osati olemera mokwanira kuti agule. Zinthu zonsezi, makamaka, ndizomwe zimagwira ntchito za COVAX. Ndiko kulemekezedwa bwanji titha kufunsa, koma ndiye ndondomeko yake. Koma US ikungokana kutenga nawo mbali, yatuluka, ndiye kuti ikulepheretsa. United States, osati yokha, mayiko ena aku Europe achita izi kapena akuyesera kulamulira katemera aliyense amene amabwera.
Kenako pamabwera funso loigwiritsa ntchito ndikuigawa m'dziko. Ku United States kuli anthu ambiri amene amati, “Sitingavomereze zimenezi. Sitikufuna kuti boma lisokoneze moyo wathu. sindimakhulupirira.” Pali gulu lalikulu lodana ndi katemera ku United States palimodzi, lomwe lili ndi zotsatira zakupha m'dziko lolemera ngati ili. Zimakhudza kwambiri mayiko osauka. Ikafalikira pamenepo, imangokhala yakupha. Koma pali kayendedwe kotere. Zimachokera ku kunyozedwa komveka kapena kusakhulupirira boma, zomveka, koma siziyenera kufikira pano. Ndipo limenelo lidzakhala vuto lalikulu, ngakhale katemera atapangidwa ndipo alipo. United States ndiyosazolowereka, pafupifupi yapadera pokhala opanda dongosolo laumoyo wamba. Chifukwa chake sizodziwikiratu kuti katemera akapezeka, atha kukhala otsika mtengo kapena adzakhala malo omwe anthu angapiteko, kukamtenga. Zimenezo zimatengera kugwirizana kwa dziko.
Ulamuliro wa Trump, ndithudi, wakana kuchita izi. Zitsala kuti ziwoneke ngati oyang'anira a Biden apanga mapulani. Trump wakana, mpaka masiku angapo apitawo, ngakhale kugawana zambiri ndi oyang'anira a Biden omwe akubwera. Izi, ndithudi, zimapangitsa kuti kuyankha kulikonse kuchepe komanso kusagwira ntchito. Payenera kukhala zovuta zazikulu kuti zipititse patsogolo chitukuko cha, choyamba, kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira, zomwe zingachepetse ndikuchepetsa kufalikira kwa kachilomboka, ndipo kachiwiri, kuyesetsa kuonetsetsa kuti katemera akapezeka, azikhala omasuka. ndipo padzakhala kugawira inshuwaransi kwa omwe akuwafuna, omwe adzalimbikitsidwa kuti awatenge, osauzidwa kuti katemera ndi chinyengo komanso kuti matendawa ndi abodza. Tikukhala m'dziko limene anthu ambiri amakana kwambiri. Ngati mungakhulupirire zisankho, opitilira atatu mwa anthu anayi aku Republican akuganiza kuti zisankho zidabedwa. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti kutentha kwa dziko si vuto lalikulu. Ili ndi vuto lodabwitsa, kukana mliri ndiwofunikanso.
M'malo oterowo, zimakhala zovuta kuthana ndi mavuto akulu kwambiri. Ndipo ndicho chiyambi chabe. Tikakwanitsa kuthana ndi vutoli, palinso ena omwe akubwera. Tikumbukire zomwe zidachitika mu 2003, tizikumbukiranso. Mliri wa SARS udalipo. Asayansi akudziwitsa dziko lapansi kuti miliri ina ya coronavirus, mwina miliri, inali yotheka. Njira zokonzekera zinalipo, zidafotokozedwa, sizinatsatidwe. Makampani opanga mankhwala analibe chidwi chifukwa mulibe phindu pamenepo. Boma lidabwelera m’mbuyo ndi zonena zakuti boma silingachite kalikonse. Zinthu zina zidachitika. Boma la Obama, lomwe linali logwirizana ndi sayansi, litayamba kugwira ntchito, lidaitanitsa bungwe la Purezidenti la Science Advisory Council. Anapempha njira yothetsera mliri, yomwe adakonza, ndipo idayamba kugwira ntchito.
Idathetsedwa mu Januware 2017 pomwe a Trump adalowa ntchito. Chimodzi mwazochita zake zoyamba chinali kuchichotsa, kupitiliza kutsiriza mapulogalamu omwe asayansi aku America amagwira ntchito ndi anzawo aku China kuyesa kuzindikira ma virus omwe angakhalepo. Center for Disease Control adalandira ndalama. United States inali yosakonzekera m'modzi yekha pomwe kachilomboka kamagunda, kenako kunabwera chipwirikiti chomwe chadzetsa kuwononga komwe mudafotokoza. Zidzachitikanso pamene izi zasungidwa. Timaphunzira maphunziro kapena timakumana ndi miliri yoipitsitsa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mpaka pano takhala ndi mwayi ndi coronavirus. Pakhala pali zina, monga momwe zilili pano, zomwe zimapatsirana kwambiri, koma osati zakupha. Pakhala pali ena, monga Ebola, yomwe inali yakupha kwambiri, osati yopatsirana kwambiri. Palibe chomwe chimatsimikizira kuti chotsatiracho sichidzakhala choyipa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, chopatsirana komanso chakupha.
Kodi kuopsa kwavutoli sikukufuna kuti pakhale ngozi yadzidzidzi? Kodi mungakonde chinthu chonga chimenecho kuti chigwirizane kuyankha?
Panalibe yankho logwirizana. M'malo mwake, a Trump momveka bwino, ndikuganiza, kumbuyo kwa Meyi kapena apo, adati ndiudindo wa mayiko, "Chabwino, sindingachite chilichonse." Malinga ndi mmene iye amaonera, mungamvetse zimenezi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati chilichonse chitalakwika, monga momwe zimakhalira, atha kuyimba mlandu maboma, makamaka mayiko omwe ali ndi olamulira a Democratic. Zoonadi, ngati njira zazikulu zitengedwa, zidzakhala ndi zotsatira zovulaza zachuma, kotero iye akhoza kudzudzula zotsatira zovuta zachuma pa njira zomwe zinatengedwa kuti zithetse vutoli. Zina mwazinthu zomwe zidapangidwa zinali zenizeni. Mwachitsanzo, wasayansi wamkulu, Rick Bright, yemwe amayang'anira chitukuko cha katemera, adadzudzula mankhwala ena a Trump, adachotsedwa ntchito. Izi zachitika mpaka mmwamba ndi pansi mzere.
Chiyambireni chisankho, zafika poipa kwambiri, chifukwa chongokana kuchita chilichonse, monga ndinanena, ngakhale kupereka deta. Zili ngati, ndipo zitha kukhala zowona, akungofuna kuipiraipira, kuti dziko likhale losakhazikika Biden akabwera, ndipo zolephera zitha kuyimbidwa mlandu paulamuliro wa demokalase. McConnell, kumbukirani, yemwe ndi wanzeru woyipa kumbuyo kwa mapulani ambiriwa ali ndi mbiri yayitali yogwira ntchito kuti boma lisagonjetsedwe ngati liri m'manja olakwika. Anachita izi ndi Obama kwa zaka zambiri. Sichithunzi chokongola. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti a Biden akuwoneka kuti akulabadira malingaliro a gulu la asayansi, mwina momwemo. Ine ndikuyembekeza izo ndi zoona. Koma akutsimikiza kuti sapeza mgwirizano uliwonse kuchokera ku Republican Party.
Tiyeni tikambirane za chisankho cha Novembara 3, kuchuluka kwa anthu 150 miliyoni, kupambana kwa kuvota ndi makalata komanso kuvota koyambirira. Kusangalala pang'ono, ndikadagwiritsa ntchito mawuwo, popeza autocrat imasinthidwa. Tsopano ife tikhoza kubwerera ku zinthu monga izo zinali, mtundu wa kubwezeretsa. Kupumira mpumulo kunkamveka m'magulu oyambitsa komanso kuchokera kwa akatswiri azama TV monga David Brooks, Thomas Friedman ndi Mark Shields. Munandilembera ine patapita masiku angapo chisankho chitatha. Munati za zotsatira, “Chithandizo, koma palibe chikondwerero. Zokhumudwitsa kuwona ma Democrat akuwombanso. " Mukutanthauza chiyani pamenepa? Ma Democrat anali ndi ndalama zambiri. Kodi chinachitika ndi chiyani ku Blue Wave?
Mademokalase adataya kumlingo wodabwitsa. Iwo anataya pamlingo uliwonse, kupatulapo pulezidenti. Ndipo utsogoleri unali voti yotsutsana ndi Trump, ngakhale olemera ambiri, makampani, omwe anali atatopa ndi machitidwe ake. Koma pamlingo wina uliwonse, Congress, nyumba zamalamulo za boma, zisankho zakumaloko, adataya ndikutaya kwambiri. Ndipo izi, ngati mungaganizire momwe zinthu zilili, ndizodabwitsa kuti Trump adatha kuthamanga. Pano pali wina yemwe anali atangopha anthu makumi, ngati si mazana masauzande aku America kudzera m'zochita zankhanza, osasiyanso milandu yake ina yonse. Ndipo akuthamangira pulezidenti, yemwe amaonedwa kuti ndi woyenera. Ndipo osati izo zokha, koma tikiti yonse yomwe imamuthandizira, idapambana pamlingo uliwonse.
Ndi kugonja kodabwitsa kwa ma Democrat. Ndipo mukayang'ana, ndiye mutha kufunsa, osati kuti ma Democrat ndiabwino kwambiri, koma pankhani ya ndale zachipani, kunali kulephera kodabwitsa. Ndikuganiza kuti mukuwona chifukwa chake. Mademokalase adapereka zoyesayesa zawo za kampeni kuyesa kusuntha madera olemera kupita ku ma Democrat. Chabwino, mwinamwake iwo anapambana mu zimenezo. Koma sikokwanira kupanga njira zamtundu uliwonse. M'malo mwake, izi zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira Obama. Popeza a Obama, chipani cha Democratic Party chasiya ntchito zake m'maboma ndi m'boma, sizikuvutitsa. Ndi phwando la Wall Street, akatswiri olemera, ndi zina zotero. Enawo adzadzisamalira okha. Ndipo mumatha kuwona izi nthawi zina.
Chifukwa chake pakhala zokambirana zambiri zokhudzana ndi zodabwitsa, kutayika kwa chipani cha Democratic Party ku South Texas kumalire, makamaka anthu aku Mexico ndi America. Awa ndi madera omwe sanavotere waku Republican kwa zaka zana, kwenikweni, popeza Harding, ndi Trump adachita bwino kwambiri, adapambana m'malo ena, kusintha kwakukulu. Zowunikira zingapo zaperekedwa, koma imodzi yomwe ndikuganiza ikunena kuti derali ndichuma chamafuta. Ndipo mukamawerenga ndemanga zaufulu, amati a Biden adataya chifukwa chazowopsa pamakangano omaliza. Mudzakumbukira kumapeto kwa mkangano womaliza, a Biden adanena china chake chomwe opereka ndemanga omasuka adangodabwa ndi vuto lake loyipa, zomwe anganene.
Ndipo iye ndiye anali kuyesera kugonjetsa cholakwacho, ena anali kuyesera kuti achite izonso. Kodi cholakwika chinali chiyani? Iye anati: “Tiyenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti mitundu ya anthu isawonongeke.” Ndizo zomwe ananena. Awa sanali mawu ake, mawu ake anali akuti, “Tiyenera kukumana ndi mfundo yakuti payenera kukhala kusintha kwa mafuta osagwiritsa ntchito mafuta,” zomwe zili ngati kunena kuti, “Tiyenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti tiyese. kuonetsetsa, kuti zitheke kuti anthu apulumuke.” Izi zinali zowopsa kwambiri, ndipo zidakhudza chuma chomwe chikupanga mafuta chifukwa anthu amamva, mumamva kuchokera ku zokambirana ndi zina zotero, "A Democrat achotsa moyo wanga, andilanda ntchito, dera langa, mabizinesi anga. , ndi zina zotero, chifukwa chakuti anthu ena omasuka odziŵika bwino amati pali vuto la nyengo.”
Tsopano, ndithudi, gaffe sanali kunena izo mokweza ndi momveka. Inde, tiyenera kunena mokweza komanso momveka bwino, tiyenera kusiya mafuta opangira mafuta mwachangu komanso mwachangu, mkati mwazaka makumi angapo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti tisachedwe, kuyambira pano, kuzidula chaka chilichonse kuti, tinene, pofika pakati. zaka zana, tamaliza ndi mafuta oyaka. Izo ziyenera kunenedwa mwamphamvu ndi mokopa. Ndiye mumatani pamagulu opangira mafuta? Mukuchita chiyani za South Texas kapena madera omwe kuli fracking ku Pennsylvania? Simumangonena kuti, “Pepani, anthu inu, muyenera kutaya ntchito zanu ndi bizinesi yanu ndi china chilichonse chifukwa timati pali vuto la nyengo.” Zomwe mumachita ndikupita kumeneko ndikukonzekera ndikufotokozera anthu zomwe zikutanthauza. Zimatanthawuza, choyamba, kuti izi ndizosapeweka, tiyenera kuchita, "Ana anu ndi adzukulu anu adzaponyedwa ku gehena ngati sititero."
Kachiwiri, pali njira yabwino yochitira izi ndi njira yochitira zomwe zingatukule miyoyo yanu, kukupatsani ntchito zabwino, ntchito zambiri, malo ogona, dera labwino, thanzi labwino, nazi njira, fotokozani. Zimakhala zoona, ndipo zikhoza kuchitika. Koma sizichitika ngati Democratic National Committee ikuyesetsa kuyesa kukopa azimayi angapo olemera akumidzi kuti asinthe voti. Muyenera kukhala pansi apo mukugwira ntchito. Ndipo m'malo omwe anali ambiri a Latino okonzekera zinali zogwira mtima. Kumene ndimakhala, Maricopa County, Arizona, pakhala pali utsogoleri wokonzekera wa Latino kwa zaka zingapo.
Ndipo idapitilira, ndipo adavotera Trump, koma ziyenera kuchitika. Ndi mmenenso zilili ndi nkhani zina zambiri. Tengani ma Democrat omwe akunena kuti zisankho zidatayika chifukwa openga akumanzere anali kunena, "bweza apolisi." Ndikaganiza za izi kwa mphindi imodzi, mukangonena kuti, "kulipira apolisi," muluza. Mukuuza anthu kuti, "Ndikufuna kuti musakhale ndi chitetezo ngati wina alowa m'nyumba mwanu." Palibe amene amafuna kumva zimenezo.
Kumbali ina, ngati mupereka tanthauzo lenileni la "kubweza ndalama kwa apolisi," monga Bernie Sanders, ndi ena angapo anayesa kutero, ndi pulogalamu yanzeru, yokopa, yomwe anthu angathandizire komanso yomwe apolisi angathandizire. Ilo limati, “Chotsani ntchito za apolisi zimene sayenera kukhala nazo poyamba,” kwenikweni, unyinji wa mathayo awo. Apolisi sayenera kutenga nawo mbali pamikangano yapakhomo kapena mavuto amisala kapena agalu otayika kapena kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi zina zotero. Imeneyo si ntchito ya apolisi. Zinthu zonsezi ziyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi ntchito zapagulu zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi anthu, zomwe zingawathandize bwino. Choncho bwezerani ndalama apolisi powachotsera udindowo. Chotsatira, monga Sanders mwiniwake adayesera kutsindika, kuonjezera malipiro a apolisi, kupanga ntchito yabwino, kupanga mikhalidwe yabwinoko, kotero apolisi akhoza kuchita zinthu zomwe, makamaka, dera lililonse lidzafuna, koma osati zinthu zina. komanso osathamanga ndi zida zamphamvu zoopseza anthu. Ndiko "kubwezera apolisi."
Koma ukangokuwa, palibe amene amamva zimenezo. Zimene amamva n’zakuti, “Mulibe nazo ntchito ngati anthu alowa m’nyumba mwanga. Anthu, mwa kutanthawuza, wakuda, ndi uthengawo. Ngati mukufuna kukhala wotsimikiza kukwaniritsa zolinga, muyenera kulabadira machenjerero anu, ndicho chofunika. Machenjerero si chinthu chochepa chabe, m'mphepete mwake. Wothandizira aliyense ndi wokonzekera ayenera kudziwa, ziyenera kukhala chikhalidwe chawo chachiwiri, kuti ndicho chofunikira. Kodi mumalankhula bwanji ndi anthu? Kodi mumawapangitsa bwanji kuti amvetse zomwe mukuyesera kunena, zomwe mukuganiza kuti ndizopindulitsa komanso zopindulitsa ena? Osati mwa kufuula slogan. Zimatengera ntchito, zimatengera kulinganiza mwachindunji komanso kuchitapo kanthu.
Ndizosangalatsa, kuchuluka kwa ma Democrats kudzudzula kuwonetsa kwawo kosauka, monga momwe mudatchulira, osati ndi dzina, koma Ocasio-Cortez, Rashida Tlaib, Ilhan Omar, Ayanna Pressley ndi ena achichepere, ambiri aiwo azimayi, oimira.
Tikufuna kuchitapo kanthu kwenikweni kuyambira m'dera lanu kupita mtsogolo. Ndipo popanda izo, mutha kukhala ndi mawu onse abwino omwe mukufuna, sikukwaniritsa chilichonse. Zina mwa zotsatira za chisankho ndizodabwitsa kwambiri, tsopano kuti deta ikuyamba kubwera. Tony DiMaggio wachita ntchito yabwino kwambiri pamituyi kwa zaka zambiri. Iye anali ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa wa zomwe zapezeka zaposachedwa pamavoti, adatsimikizira zomwe zanenedwa kwina. A Trump adapambana modabwitsa pafupifupi pafupifupi anthu onse, osati kuchokera pazomwe zidakhalapo m'mbuyomu, koma apamwamba kwambiri. Mwa chimodzi, makamaka, monga momwe adawonetsera kale, chithandizo chachikulu cha Trump ndi cholemera, osati cholemera kwambiri, koma cholemera, pamwamba pa wapakati, $ 100,000 mpaka $ 200,000. Amenewo si anthu ogwira ntchito, mosiyana ndi zongopeka. Ndalama zapakatikati zimakhala pafupifupi $70,000. Ndizo zapakati. Pansi pake, Trump sachita bwino.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Johnny Silvercloud/Shutterstock.com
Ndipo mukapita ku ndalama zambiri, zimakhala zogawanika. Tsopano akatswiri olemera amagawanika. Olemera kwambiri pachisankhochi agawanika chifukwa chokhudzidwa ndi momwe Trump akuwonongera zofuna zawo pazachuma. Koma izi, $ 100,000 mpaka $ 200,000 nthawi zambiri, kachiwiri, zinali maziko a chithandizo cha Trump, koma zikuwoneka kuti zawonjezeka kwambiri kuyambira 2016. Ndiyenera kunena kuti ndi chinsinsi. Sindikumvetsa ngati ziyenera kukhala zoona, koma zidachitika, ndipo tiyenera kuziganizira. Pali mavuto ambiri oti athane nawo kumanzere, ngati akuyembekeza kupita patsogolo.
Imodzi, zachidziwikire, ndi kayendetsedwe ka Biden komwe kakubwera, nkhani yosakanizika kwambiri. Pakati pa alangizi azachuma ndi osankhidwa, sizoyipa kwambiri. Anthu monga Heather Boushey, Jared Bernstein, Janet Yellen, maudindo omwe angakhale abwino kwambiri, ena ocheperapo. Ndipo m'mbali zonse, pali zambiri zotsutsa. Kungochotsa Trump ndi chigonjetso chachikulu, koma sizitanthauza zambiri ngati simungathe kukhazikitsa mfundo zomwe zili zodalirika komanso zogwira mtima pothana ndi mavuto akulu omwe alipo.
Lankhulani za Khothi Lalikulu ndi mphamvu za Mitch McConnell, zomwe zidawonetsedwa pomwe adapambana chisankho cha Amy Coney Barrett, kupatsa khoti kukhala ndi mapiko akumanja ambiri, mwina kwazaka zambiri. Mukuganiza bwanji pazamalingaliro oti oweruza a Khothi Lalikulu asakhale ndi nthawi yayitali komanso/kapena kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa oweruza? Ndi statehood ku Puerto Rico ndi Washington, DC zomwe zingawonjezere chiwerengero cha maseneta ndi anayi. Kapena kodi mukuganiza kuti zimenezi n’zangongole zongotenga nthaŵi, chifukwa cha mmene ndale zilili?
Izo ndi zofunika. Koma kumbukirani, iwo ndi mbali chabe ya vuto la oweruza. McConnell, kwa zaka 10 tsopano, wakhala akugwira ntchito molimbika kuwonetsetsa kuti makhothi onse, kuyambira pansi mpaka pansi, azikhala ndi maloya ovomerezeka a Federalist Society omwe azitha kusunga McConnell, Trump- mapulogalamu amtundu wamtundu wina potseka china chilichonse pamlingo uliwonse. Tsopano ndiyo yakhala ntchito yayikulu ya Nyumba ya Seneti, kutsekereza osankhidwa a Obama, chachiwiri, podutsa kuchuluka kwa achinyamata omwe ali kumanja kumanja pazaka za Trump. Ndipo zakhala zothandiza kwambiri. Mukayang'ana manambala, ndi zodabwitsa. McConnell adachotsa Nyumba ya Seneti ngati gulu lokambirana, lomwe nthawi ina limadziwika kuti ndi bungwe lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Chabwino, mukhoza kukangana za izo. Koma mawuwa ankatanthauza chinachake.
Tsopano, si zimenezo. Nyumbayi imatumiza zoyeserera ku Senate, samayang'ana nkomwe. Zomwe amachita ndi zinthu ziwiri, kupititsa malamulo kuti apindule ndi makampani komanso olemera kwambiri, kuchokera ku deregulation kupita ku chinyengo chodabwitsa cha msonkho, ndi ntchito imodzi. Wina ndi wogwira ntchito yoweruza ndi ufulu wakutali. Choncho si Khoti Lalikulu lokha. Ndikuganiza kuti kuvomereza Puerto Rico ndi Washington, DC ndikoyenera, pazifukwa zambiri, kuyenera kuchitika. Koma zikhala zovuta kwambiri kukwaniritsa izi pa Senate ya Republican kapena kukwaniritsa chilichonse ndi McConnell. Lingaliro lakuti mungathe kupanga mabwenzi mwanjira ina ndi kugwirizana nawo, ndi nthabwala. Iwo athamangira magazi. Safuna kugwirizana. Akufuna kuti dziko lisayende bwino, kuti abwerenso pampando pamlingo uliwonse pansi pa pulezidenti. Ndikuganiza kuti ndi zomwe tikhala tikuwona zaka zingapo zikubwerazi, makamaka zowonjezera zomwe zikuchitika.
Howard Zinn anati: “Kungakhale kupanda nzeru kudalira Khoti Lalikulu Kwambiri kuteteza ufulu wa anthu osauka, amayi, amitundu yosiyanasiyana, osagwirizana ndi mitundu yonse. Ufulu umenewu umakhalapo kokha pamene nzika zimapanga zionetsero, zionetsero, kunyanyala, kunyanyala, kupanduka, ndi kuphwanya malamulo, pofuna kukwaniritsa chilungamo.”
Ndizo zomwe mbiri yakale ikuwonetsa. Mutha kubwereranso ku Constitution. Malinga ndi miyezo ya m'zaka za zana la 18, Constitution inali yopita patsogolo pang'ono, koma sizinali zomwe anthu ankafuna. Zafotokozedwa bwino m'kafukufuku wamkulu wamaphunziro a kupangidwa kwa Constitution, bukhu la Michael Klarman, The Framers' Coup, kulanda kwa oyambitsa motsutsana ndi demokalase. Uwu ndiye mulingo wagolide wamaphunziro, buku labwino kwambiri, mwamwayi, kuwerenga kwabwino kwambiri. Mutha kuwona momwemo, pang'onopang'ono, momwe Madison, Hamilton, ndi ena odziwika bwino pakukhazikitsa malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino adakhudzidwa makamaka ndi chidwi chodziwika bwino cha demokalase pakati pa anthu wamba. Zambiri zidaseweredwa pazinthu zomwe anthu ambiri samasamala nazo.
Panali kulimbana kwakukulu, mwachitsanzo, za ndalama zamapepala panthawi ya nkhondo, Revolution ya America. Boma linali ndi ngongole zambiri, ndipo funso linali lakuti, Kodi akanalipidwa bwanji? Chabwino, lingaliro lina linayikidwa pa mapewa a anthu, kuwapangitsa kuti azilipira, osati oganiza bwino olemera, tikufuna kusunga ufulu wawo. Umo ndi momwe Constitution inakhazikitsira. Anthu ankafuna ndalama zamapepala, kotero kuti ndalamazo ziwonjezeke, kukhala ngati kulipira ngongole, oyerekezera adzavutika nazo, koma anthu adzapindula. Imeneyi inali gawo limodzi lalikulu la kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution.
Mbali ina inali kuzindikira kwa Madison kuti Nyumba ya Senate iyenera kuimira chuma cha fuko, gulu la amuna odalirika kwambiri, omwe amamvera chisoni eni katundu ndi ufulu wawo. Choncho Nyumba ya Senate inapatsidwa mphamvu zazikulu pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za boma. Sizinasankhidwe, zinasankhidwa ndi osankhidwa a nyumba ya malamulo omwe angakhale odalirika kuti awonetsetse kuti olemera adzakhala ndi udindo. Ndipo njira zina zambiri zidaperekedwa ndi cholinga chachikulu choletsa demokalase, ngakhale zigawo zazikulu zamalamulo, komwe anthu sangathe kusonkhana. Kumbukirani, ano ndi masiku a akavalo ndi okwera, ovuta kuyenda.
Njira zambiri zatsatanetsatane zidachitidwa kuti achepetse chiwopsezo cha demokalase komanso kuchita nawo zigawenga zotsutsana ndi demokalase. Koma panali vuto, anthu sanavomereze. Munali ndi zotupitsa zambiri, mitundu ya zinthu zomwe Howard Zinn amakamba, zipolowe, zoyesayesa zopeza ufulu wa demokalase zidatenga mitundu yonse. Ndipo nkhondoyi ikuchitika m'mbiri yonse ya America. Khoti Lalikulu Kwambiri, lomwe mwatchulalo, ndi chitsanzo chabwino. Khothi Lalikulu lakhala liri kumbali ya chuma ndi mphamvu, osati kwathunthu, panali zopuma, koma ndicho chakhala chizoloŵezi champhamvu, monga bungwe losunga malamulo. Kwenikweni, Malamulo Oyendetsera Dziko Sanena chilichonse chokhudza Khothi Lalikulu lomwe lili ndi ufulu woweruza milandu, kukhala ndi mphamvu zoletsa malamulowo. Izi zidangoyambitsidwa ndi Khothi lokha motsogozedwa ndi Chief Justice Marshall zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, wakhala msonkhano kuyambira pamenepo. Koma zonsezi ndi zolimbana nthawi zonse.
Ndipo si makhoti okha ndi boma. Ndi mphamvu zachinsinsi, zomwe ndi zazikulu, zimakhala ndi chikoka pa boma. Posachedwapa, pepala lina lapamwamba linatuluka, kusanthula kwakukulu, monga momwe ndinawonera, kunanenedwa ku London Financial Times kokha, kupereka umboni wochuluka kwambiri komanso watsatanetsatane wotsimikizira zomwe zawonetsedwa bwino kwa nthawi yaitali. , kuti anthu ambiri alibe mphamvu iliyonse pazigamulo za boma. Mwinamwake pamwamba 10%, ndipo mwa iwo, kachigawo kakang'ono kwambiri, kwenikweni. Chabwino, ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi dongosolo lovomerezeka. Ndipo, ndithudi, mu nthawi ya neoliberal, zaka 40 zapitazi, zonsezi zakhala zikuwonjezeka kwambiri.
Chimodzi mwazotsatira zazikulu za nthawi ya neoliberal zakhala, monga zimadziwika bwino, kukhala ndi chuma chokhazikika, pomwe anthu ambiri akupumira. Izi zimakhala ndi zotsatira zanthawi yomweyo pakuchepetsa kupanga zisankho zademokalase, pazifukwa zomveka bwino. Panali phunziro lochititsa chidwi kwambiri, lomwe liyenera kudziwika bwino, pa kusamutsidwa kwa chuma kuchokera kwa ogwira ntchito ndi apakati kupita kwa olemera kwambiri pazaka za Reagan. Bungwe lolemekezeka kwambiri la RAND Corporation lidatuluka ndi zomwe amatcha "kusamutsa chuma." Tizitcha kuti "Kubera kwa anthu ndi olemera kwambiri." Kuyerekeza kwawo kuli, m'zaka 40 zapitazi, $ 47 thililiyoni. Kumeneko sikusintha kwakung'ono. Ndipo ndizochepera chifukwa siziphatikiza zinthu zina zambiri.
Reagan anatsegula spigot pamitundu yonse ya njira zobera anthu, monga malo amisonkho, makampani a zipolopolo, zida zina. Clinton anawonjezera kwa izo, osati kokha ndi kusokoneza kwake kwakukulu kwa mabungwe azachuma, omwe adangowayika mu stratosphere, komanso ndi zomwe zimatchedwa mapangano amalonda, omwe analibe kanthu kochita ndi malonda, ndithudi pang'ono kwambiri kuchita ndi ufulu. malonda, koma anali opindulitsa kwambiri chuma chamakampani komanso zowononga kwambiri ogwira ntchito, monga adaneneratu pasadakhale. Ndipo, kwenikweni, izi zinachitika.
Chifukwa chake pakhala kubera kwakukulu kwa anthu kwa zaka 40 ndipo izi zimakhudza momwe boma limagwirira ntchito. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mumatha, titi, 90% ya anthu alibe kuyimilira. Ndipo kulimbana uku kumapitirira nthawi zonse. Iwo adzapitirira mu dziko pambuyo mliri. Ndi kulimbana kwakukulu kwamagulu, koma chinthu chimodzi cholimbana ndi nkhondo nthawi zonse, bizinesi. Iwo ali odzipereka, iwo samasiya konse. Iwo sanayime panthawi ya New Deal, anapitiriza, anapitiriza pambuyo pake, akupitirirabe. Pokhapokha ngati anthu ogwira ntchito, anthu wamba, atenga nawo mbali pakulimbana kwamagulu, iwo afika pakhosi.