Wolemba Vijay Prashad
Ndili mnyamata ndinapanga ubwenzi ndi mnyamata amene banja lake linasamuka ku Mumbai (India) kupita ku Canada. Adandiuza nkhani yodabwitsa yomwe mpaka pano yandiwonetsa kuti ndili ndi chuma komanso Gulf. Bambo ake, adanena, nthawi ina adalemba zombo zingapo zomwe zinakoka madzi oundana kuchokera kumpoto kwa Atlantic kupita ku West Asia kuti apereke madzi akumwa ku Emirates.
Kaya nkhaniyo ndi yowona kapena ayi, ndipo chifukwa cha kukokomeza kwa unyamata mwina ndi zabodza, zidapangitsa kuti zipululu za Arabia peninsula zikhale zamoyo kwa ine. Mukayang'ana pamapu, dera lalikulu lomwe lili kumwera kwa chilumbachi limatchedwa Rab al-Khali, Malo Opanda kanthu. Lilibe anthu, koma ladzala ndi mchenga.
Kodi madzi a mโchipululu amawatenga kuti?
Chabwino kuchokera ku mitsinje ya Iraq, ndithudi!
Kuyambira pa 16 mpaka 23 Marichi akuluakulu ang'onoang'ono padziko lonse lapansi adzasonkhana ku Japan pa Msonkhano Wachitatu wa Madzi Padziko Lonse. Adzadandaula ndi mavuto a kukwera kwa chiwerengero cha anthu, kuchuluka kwa ulimi wothirira pakupanga chakudya komanso kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kwa madzi akumwa.
Ambiri atenga njira yaku Malthusian, kulira ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu m'malo amdima ndikusamba m'manja pamavuto. Ena adzafuna kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yopereka madzi, kutipangitsa tonsefe kuyang'ana ku imodzi mwa makampani akuluakulu amadzi (Vivendi, Suez, Coca Cola, Pepsi).
Ochepa adzatsutsa ntchito zazikulu zamadamu zomwe zimachotsa iwo omwe sakuwona phindu lamtundu woterewu. Monganso pamisonkhano iwiri yapitayi ya Madzi, akatswiri ndi andale adzakweza vuto la madzi ku mayiko atatu akumadzulo kwa Asia, Saudi Arabia, Jordan ndi Israel.
Israel, Jordan ndi Occupied Territories amalandira mvula yapachaka ku Phoenix, Arizona, ndipo amakhala ndi anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni khumi ndi asanu, pomwe chigawo chonse cha Arizona chimangokwana pafupifupi mamiliyoni asanu. Israel imadalira pamadzi, kapena miyala yapansi panthaka yomwe imasunga madzi, yomwe ili pansi pa Occupied Territories of Gaza ndi West Bank pafupifupi theka la zosowa zake zamadzi.
Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi amachokera ku Nyanja ya Galileya, malo omwe amatsutsanabe ndi Suriya. Israel, yomwe imayesa kupanga Levant kukhala gawo la Europe, imagwiritsa ntchito madzi kuwirikiza kanayi kuposa Madera Olandidwa, ngakhale kuti anthu ake mamiliyoni asanu ndi limodzi ndi ochepera kuwirikiza kawiri a Palestine (pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu ndi theka). Mโchilimwe cha 1999, dziko la Israel linakumana ndi vuto lalikulu la madzi pamene derali linali ndi chilala.
Yedidya Atlas, mtolankhani wamkulu wa Israel National Radio, ananena momveka bwino kuti, โKuchoka ku Yudeya ndi Samariya, mwachitsanzo, Mountain Aquifer - kapena ku Golan Heights kungayambitse vuto lomwe tsogolo la madzi a Israeli lidzadziwika ndi Mr. Arafat's Palestinian Authority ndi Syria motsatana. Mwina dziko la Israel lili ndi ulamuliro pa magwero a madzi a dziko lawo kapena moyo wake uli pachiwopsezo.โ
Pamsonkhano wachiwiri wa World Water, Yousef Habbab, kazembe wa Palestine ku Netherlands, adatembenukira kwa Mikhail Gorbachev, adamukumbutsa za zokambirana zawo zapagulu pazamadzi pa zokambirana za Madrid Palestinian-Israel, ndipo adati, "Mwakhudza zomwe sizingachitike pamsonkhano uno. ,โ โchosakhudzidwaโ ndi vuto la madzi kuti anthu azikhala mโderali.
Kulengeza kotereku kumachitikanso pafupipafupi m'manyuzipepala a Saudi. Mu July 1997, Mfumu Faud inanena kuti kusunga madzi โndi ntchito yachipembedzo komanso ya dziko ndi chitukuko.โ Mu November 2002, Riyadh Daily adanena kuti Mtumiki wa Madzi Ghazi Al-Gosaibi adauza atolankhani kuti ufumuwo ukufunikira "ndondomeko ya madzi" chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso kuwonongeka kwa zomera zowonongeka.
Kumbuyo kwa US, United Arab Emirates ndi Canada, Saudi Arabia ndi yachinayi yogwiritsa ntchito madzi kwambiri nzika iliyonse. Avereji yoteroyo sikutanthauza kanthu chifukwa madzi khumi okha pa 100 alionse amapita ku ntchito yaumwini ndi malonda, pamene otsalawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ulimi.
M'zaka za m'ma 1970, pamene Saudi Arabia inkawona kuti chiletso chake cha mafuta chikhoza kukumana ndi chiletso cha tirigu, idayesa kuonjezera ulimi wa tirigu. Phindu la mafuta linapita ku chithandizo chaulimi pamene zotuta zinawonjezereka kufika pa chiลตerengero cha matani mamiliyoni asanu mu 1994. Muyenera kulingalira minda ya nyemba ku Saudi Arabia, yolimidwa kuletsa kudalira chakudya chochokera kunja kwa ziweto.
Sindine wokhulupirira chiphunzitso cha mwayi wofananiza, koma nanga bwanji za momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira? Kuyambira mchaka cha 1994, ufumuwo wachepetsa ndalama zothandizira ndalama ndikuchepetsa zokolola kukhala matani opitilira miliyoni miliyoni. Saudi Arabia tsopano ikugulitsa tirigu kumtunda wamadzi omwe atha. Minda ya nyemba ikupitiriza kusamalidwa.
Kodi ufumu wa Saudi ndi dziko la Israeli zikuyembekeza bwanji kuphimba kuchepa kwa madzi? Mu 1987, boma la Turkey lidalengeza kuti lidzamanga "Pipe ya Mtendere" yomwe idzapope madzi pafupifupi mamiliyoni khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi m'mayiko awiriwa, komanso Syria. Madzi ochokera ku mitsinje ya Seyhan ndi Ceyhan kumwera chakum'maลตa kwa dziko la Turkey adzapatutsidwa ku mapaipiwa ndipo potero amatunga madzi mumtsinje wa Firate omwe amatumiza madzi ku zigwa zachonde za Iraq.
Mu 1957, anthu a ku Turkey anayamba kumanga Damu ku Kiban, kumene Euphrates amakumana ndi Murad ndi malo okwana 30.5 biliyoni a madzi. Ntchitoyi idayambitsa mkangano wanthawi yayitali ndi Iraq. Pamene dziko la Turkey linayambitsa ntchito ya damu ya Al Ghab yothirira zigwa za Harat komanso kupanga magetsi, inakulitsa mavuto mโderali. Izi ndi zizindikiro za mkangano womwe ukupitirirabe.
Pakadakhala boma lovomerezeka ku Baghdad, ndipo pamapeto pake liri ku Amman, mphamvu za Riyadh ndi Tel Aviv zikadakula mderali, makamaka pazinthu zosowa monga madzi abwino. Mwina ichi ndi chiyembekezo cha Water Ministries m'mayiko olemera ndi zida zamafuta m'derali. Ngakhale nkhondo ili pafupi ndi US hegemony, za mafuta, za banja la Bush, musaiwale madzi. Monga momwe Fortune ananenera momveka bwino mu May 2000, โMadzi amalonjeza kukhala mโzaka za zana la 21 monga mmene mafuta analili mโzaka za zana la 20: chinthu chamtengo wapatali chimene chimatsimikizira chuma cha mayiko.โ
Pa mitsinje ya ku Babulo tinakhala pansi ndi kulira.