"Hiki ka papa i ka manawa o kekahi mau kāne, ma muli o nā ʻike maʻamau (hoʻoilina a kaʻana like paha), manaʻo a haʻi i ka ʻike o ko lākou mau makemake ma waena o lākou iho, a me nā kāne ʻē aʻe he ʻokoʻa ko lākou makemake (a kūʻē pinepine ʻia) ko lākou."
— EP Thompson, Ka Hana ana i ka Papa Hana Enelani
ʻO nā "kāne ʻē aʻe" (a ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi nā wahine) i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka papa ʻAmelika i kēia manawa ʻo ia ka poʻe ma ka 1% kiʻekiʻe o ka puʻu waiwai - nā mea panakō, nā mana hoʻokele waiwai, a me nā Luna Nui i manaʻo ʻia e ka neʻe ʻana o Occupy Wall Street. Ua puni lākou no ka manawa lōʻihi ma kekahi ʻano a i ʻole kekahi, akā hoʻomaka lākou e puka ma ke ʻano he hui ʻokoʻa a ʻike ʻia, i kapa ʻia ʻo "super-rich," i nā makahiki i hala.
Ua kōkua ka nui o ka ʻai ʻana i ka nānā ʻana iā lākou: nā mokulele pilikino, nā hale hale 50,000 square-foot, $25,000 mau meaʻai kokoleka. i hoʻonani ʻia me ka lepo gula. Akā i ka wā e hiki ai i ka papa waena ke hōʻiliʻili i ka hōʻaiʻē no ka haʻawina kula a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka home i kekahi manawa, ʻano paʻakikī ke hoʻopiʻi. A laila hiki mai ka hāʻule kālā o 2007-2008, a ukali ʻia e ka Great Recession, a ʻo ka 1% a mākou i hāʻawi ai i kā mākou penihana, kā mākou hoʻokele waiwai, a me kā mākou ʻōnaehana politika i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he hui o nā feckless, narcissists kuko, a me nā sociopaths paha.
Eia nō naʻe, a hiki i kekahi mau mahina i hala aku nei, ʻaʻole hiki i ka 99% ke hui (e like me kā Thompson i ʻōlelo ai) e haʻi i "ke ʻano o kā lākou makemake." Aia i loko, a aia nō, ka hapa nui o ka poʻe waiwai "maʻamau", me nā poʻe ʻoihana waena, nā limahana hana, nā mea hoʻokele kaʻa, a me nā miners, a me nā poʻe ʻilihune e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā hale, manicure nā manamana lima, a mālama i nā lau. o ka poe waiwai.
ʻAʻole i māhele ʻia e kēia mau ʻokoʻa papa, akā i ʻike ʻia ma ka lāhui a me ka lāhui - he mahele i loaʻa hohonu maoli mai 2008. ʻApelika-ʻAmelika a me Latinos o nā pae loaʻa kālā a pau disproportionately nalowale ko lakou mau hale i ka foreclosure ma 2007 a me 2008, a laila, disproportionately nalowale i kā lākou mau hana i ka nalu o layoffs i ukali. I ka pō o ka ʻOccupy movement, ua pōʻino ka papa waena ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā neʻe kālai'āina wale nō i puka mai i waho o ka 99% ma mua o ka puka ʻana mai o Occupy, ʻo ia ka neʻe ʻana o ka Tea Party a, ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ke ʻano politika, ke kū'ē i nā kaohi ʻana i ka hui ʻana ma Wisconsin.
Akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻo Occupy inā ʻaʻole i hoʻomaka nā ʻāpana nui o ka 99% e ʻike i kekahi mau makemake maʻamau, a i ʻole e waiho i kekahi o nā māhele i waena o lākou iho. No nā makahiki he mau makahiki, ʻo ka māhele i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia i loko o ka 99% ʻo ia ka mea ma waena o ka mea a ka poʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo "liberal elite" - i haku ʻia e nā mea hoʻonaʻauao, nā mea nūpepa, nā kiʻi media, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
E like me kā Harper's Magazine columnist Tom Frank me ka nani wehewehe, ua loaʻa i ka pono kāna kuleana hoʻopunipuni i ka populism ma ka huli ʻana i kēlā "liberal elite," i manaʻo ʻia e makemake i ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ke aupuni noʻonoʻo e koi ana i nā pae hoʻokaumaha o ka ʻauhau, kākoʻo i nā kulekele a me nā papahana "redistributive" e hōʻemi i ka manawa no ka papa waena keʻokeʻo, e hana hou aʻe. nā lula (no ka laʻana, pale i ke kaiapuni) e hōʻemi ana i nā hana no ka papa hana, a paipai i nā hana hou kinky countercultural e like me ka male kāne kāne. ʻO ka poʻe liberal elite, koi i ka poʻe naʻauao conservative, nānā i lalo i nā "maʻamau" waena a me ka papa hana ʻAmelika, me ka ʻike ʻana iā lākou he ʻono a hewa ʻole ka politika. ʻO ka "elite" ka ʻenemi, ʻoiai ʻo ka poʻe waiwai nui e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka "kūpono" a ʻoi aku paha ka pili.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i hana ka "liberal elite" i kekahi manaʻo sociological. ʻAʻole nā mea hoʻonaʻauao āpau a i ʻole nā kiʻi pāpaʻi he manuahi (Newt Gingrich, George Will, Rupert Murdoch). Hiki i nā luna hoʻonaʻauao hoʻonaʻauao maikaʻi a me nā ʻenekini hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ke makemake i ka latte ma mua o Red Bull, akā ʻaʻole lākou i pahuhopu o ka pono. A pehea lā e hiki ai i nā loio hoʻokolokolo ke lilo i lālā o ka elite hewa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kā lākou mau hoa kāne i nā ʻoihana loio?
ʻO kahi chute hinuhinu, ʻaʻole kahi ʻupena palekana
ʻO ka "Liberal elite" he ʻano kālaiʻāina i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ma ke ʻano he sociological. ʻO ka mea i hāʻawi i ka manaʻo o kahi elite liberal i kekahi traction, ʻoiai, ma ka liʻiliʻi no kekahi manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui o mākou ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻike i kahi lālā o ka elite maoli, ʻo ka 1% ka mea, no ka hapa nui, i sila ʻia. i loko o kā lākou pahu ponoʻī o nā mokulele pilikino, nā kaiāulu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a me nā pā hale.
ʻO nā helu mana e ʻike ʻia e ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i ko lākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻo ia nā kumu, nā kauka, nā limahana hana, a me nā polopeka. ʻO kēia mau pūʻulu (me nā luna waena a me nā limahana ʻoihana keʻokeʻo ʻē aʻe) noho i kahi kūlana haʻahaʻa loa i ka hierarchy papa. Ua hana lākou i kā mākou i ho'ākākaʻia ma kahi ʻatikala 1976 ma ke ʻano he "papa hoʻokele ʻoihana." E like me kā mākou i kākau ai i kēlā manawa, ma ke kumu o ko mākou ʻike i nā neʻe radical o nā 1960s a me 1970s, ua loaʻa maoli ka huhū lōʻihi ma waena o ka poʻe hana a me nā ʻoihana waena. ʻO kēia mau huhū, ka mea a ka populist akau i hoʻohuli akamai ai i nā "liberals," i kōkua nui i kēlā au mua o ke kipi ʻole i kūkulu i kahi neʻe holomua mau loa.
E like me ka mea i hana ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki i ka manaʻo o ka "liberal elite" ke ola i ka depredations o ka 1% i ka hopena o 2000s. ʻO ka mea hoʻokahi, ua hoʻopau ʻia e ka ʻike ʻana o ka elite maoli o Wall Street a me kā lākou mau hewa. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia iā lākou, ʻo ka poʻe loea a me nā luna, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻonāukiuki, he pikers. Hiki paha i ke kauka a i ʻole ke poʻo kula ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe, ʻo ke kaukaʻi a me ka mea hana kaiaulu paha e hoʻohaʻahaʻa, akā ʻo ka 1% wale nō i lawe i kou hale.
Aia kekahi pilikia ʻē aʻe i hiki ʻole ke hoʻopili ʻia i loko o ka hoʻolālā populist ʻēheu ʻākau: ʻoiai ma 2000, a ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi i ka makahiki 2010, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka papa o ka poʻe i hiki ke lilo i ʻāpana o ka "liberal elite". ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka waihona kālā a me ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana i ka ʻoihana e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ana i ka pae o nā kumu kula i uku maikaʻi ʻia, ka mea i pani ʻia e nā kumu aʻoaʻo e hana ana i ka loaʻa kālā. Ke emi nei nā ʻoihana Media i kā lākou mau keʻena nūhou a me nā kālā hoʻoponopono. Ua hoʻomaka nā ʻoihana loio outsourcingʻO kā lākou mau hana maʻamau i India. Halemai hoʻomālamalama ʻia X-ray i nā radiologists haole. Ua maloʻo ke kālā no nā ʻoihana waiwai ʻole i ka hana noʻeau a me ka lawelawe aupuni. No laila ke kiʻi kiʻi o ka ʻOccupy movement: ke puka puka o ke kulanui me nā ʻumi kaukani kālā i loko. aie haumāna a me kahi hana e uku ana ma kahi o $10 i ka hola, a ʻaʻole loa he hana.
Ua paʻa kēia mau ʻano ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pōʻai kālā, akā ua lawe ʻo ia i ka pōʻino a me kāna hopena hoʻokele waiwai e hoʻāla ai i ka 99% i ka ʻike ākea o ka pilikia like. Ma 2008, "Joe the Plumber's" manaʻo e loaʻa kahi hapaha miliona dala i hoʻokahi makahiki i loaʻa kekahi manaʻo nawaliwali o ka plausibility. ʻElua mau makahiki i loko o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana, akā naʻe, ua lilo ka neʻe ʻana i lalo i ka ʻike koʻikoʻi o ʻAmelika, a ʻo kekahi o nā poʻe loea neoliberal hilinaʻi i hoʻomaka e haʻi aku ua hewa kekahi mea me ka moeʻuhane ʻAmelika.
Ua nalowale nā hua pūnana o ka poʻe waiwai i ka wā i emi iho ai nā kumukūʻai hale mai nā pali. Ua haʻalulu nā luna a me nā poʻe ʻoihana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka ʻike ʻana i ko lākou mau makahiki he mea hoʻowahāwahā lākou i nā mea hana. Ua hoʻolei ʻia nā ʻaiʻē lapaʻau i nā ʻohana waena i ka panakalupa. ʻO ka ʻōlelo kahiko conservative - he mea naʻauao ʻole ka hoʻohewa ʻana (a ʻauhau paha) i ka poʻe waiwai no ka mea ʻo ʻoe paha kekahi o lākou i kekahi lā - hāʻawi i ke ala i kahi ʻike hou ʻo ka papa āu e neʻe ai i loko ʻaʻole ia ka poʻe waiwai, akā. ka poe ilihune.
A eia kekahi mea i ʻike ʻia e ka poʻe o ka papa waena: hiki i ka hāʻule ʻana i lalo i ka ʻilihune me ka wikiwiki wikiwiki. ʻO kahi kumu i hoʻomaka mua ai ka manaʻo o kahi hoʻokele waiwai 99% ma ʻAmelika ma mua o ka ʻōlelo ʻana, ʻo ʻIlani a i ʻole Sepania ʻo ia ka pilikia o nā ʻAmelika i ka hoʻokele waiwai. He mea liʻiliʻi kā mākou ma ke ala o ka mokuʻāina pono e hoʻōki i kahi ʻohana a i ʻole kekahi kanaka i ka hāʻule manuahi. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pōmaikaʻi no ka hana ʻole ma mua o ʻeono mahina a i ʻole hoʻokahi makahiki, ʻoiai i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana ua hoʻonui ʻia lākou e ka Congress. I kēia manawa, ʻoiai me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana, hiki wale lākou i ka hapalua o ka poʻe hana ʻole. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka Welfare i 15 mau makahiki i hala, a ua pili ka ʻinikua olakino i ka hana.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai kahi ʻAmelika e paheʻe i lalo, e hoʻomaka ana nā ʻano like ʻole e kōkua i ka wikiwiki o ka paheʻe. He 60% o nā ʻoihana ʻAmelika i kēia manawa e nānā i ka helu ʻaiʻē o nā mea noi, a ʻo ka hoʻokae ʻole ʻana i ka poʻe hana ʻole ua laha nui ʻia e hoʻomaka ai e hōʻoia i ka hopohopo Congressional. ʻO ka banekorupa he kūlana paʻakikī, pinepine paʻakikī e hoʻokō. ʻO ka uku ʻole ʻana i nā hoʻopaʻi a i ʻole nā uku i kau ʻia e ke aupuni hiki ke alakaʻi, ma o ka hui pū ʻana o nā haki pōʻino, i kahi palapala hopu a i ʻole kahi moʻolelo kalaima. Ma kahi o nā aupuni waiwai ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i kahi ʻupena palekana, hāʻawi ʻo ʻAmelika i kahi chute greased, e alakaʻi ana i ka nele me ka wikiwiki weliweli.
Ka manaʻo o ka 99%
ʻO nā kahua hoʻomoana o ka ʻoihana i hoʻolalelale ma kahi o 1,400 mau kūlanakauhale i kēia hāʻule i hāʻawi i kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻike no ka ulu ʻana o ka manaʻo o ka lokahi o 99%. Eia nā tausani o ka poʻe - ʻaʻole paha mākou i ʻike i nā helu kikoʻī - mai nā ʻano āpau o ke ola, noho ma waho ma nā alanui a me nā paka, e like me ka noho ʻana o ka poʻe ʻilihune loa: me ka ʻole o ka uila, ka wela, ka wai, a me nā halepaku. Ma ke kaʻina hana, ua hoʻokō lākou i ka hana ʻana i nā kaiāulu hoʻokele ponoʻī.
ʻO nā hālāwai nui i hui pū ʻia kahi hui like ʻole o nā haumāna puka o ke kulanui, nā ʻoihana ʻōpio, nā poʻe ʻelemakule, nā limahana polū polū i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, a me ka nui o ka poʻe home home ʻole no ka mea, no ka hapa nui, nā hoʻololi a me nā hoʻololi kīwila. ʻO ka mea i hoʻomaka ma ke ʻano he kūʻē kūʻē kūʻē i ka pono ʻole o ka hoʻokele waiwai i lilo i hoʻokolohua nui i ke kūkulu papa. ʻO ka 99%, ka mea i ʻike ʻia he ʻano makemake wale nō i kekahi mau mahina i hala aku nei, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e ola.
Hiki i ka lokahi i hoʻoulu ʻia i loko o nā kahua hoʻomoana ke ola i ka wā e ulu ai ka neʻe ʻana o Occupy i kahi ʻano decentralized? Ke hoʻomau nei nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole o ka papa, ka lāhui, a me ka moʻomeheu i loko o kēlā 99%, me ka hilinaʻi ʻole ma waena o nā lālā o ka "liberal elite" mua a me ka poʻe ʻilihune. He mea kāhāhā inā ʻaʻole lākou. ʻOkoʻa loa ka ʻike ola o kekahi loio ʻōpio a i ʻole kekahi kanaka hana kaiaulu mai ko ka limahana kola polū ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻae ʻia kāna hana i nā mea e pono ai ke ola e like me ka ʻai a me ka hoʻomaha ʻauʻau. ʻO nā pōʻai pahu, ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka manaʻo, a me nā masks e noho exotic a hiki i ka 90%. ʻO ka manaʻo ʻino ʻole o ka "papa waena" i ka poʻe home ʻole, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā ʻumi makahiki o ka hoʻomāinoino ʻana i ka ʻēheu ʻākau o ka poʻe ʻilihune.
I kekahi manawa ua alakaʻi kēia mau ʻokoʻa i ka hakakā ma nā hoʻomoana o Occupy - no ka laʻana, ma luna o ke kuleana o ka poʻe home ʻole ma Portland a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka marijuana ma Los Angeles - akā he mea kupanaha, ʻoiai nā ʻōlelo aʻo āpau e pili ana i ka hoʻoweliweli olakino a me ka palekana, ʻaʻohe "Altamont. manawa": ʻaʻohe ahi nui a ʻaʻohe hana ʻino. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻokumu nā hoʻomoana i nā hui like ʻole: ka poʻe mai nā ʻano ʻoluʻolu e aʻo ana e pili ana i ke ola o ke alanui mai ka poʻe home ʻole, he polopeka kaulana o ka ʻepekema kālai'āina e kūkākūkā ana i ka hoʻoholo ʻana me ka mea hana leka, nā kāne koa i nā lole ʻaʻahu e hōʻike ana e pale i ka poe noho mai ka makai.
Hana ʻia ka papa, e like me kā Thompson i ʻōlelo ai, akā hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka wā i mākaukau ai nā kānaka e hānai a kūkulu. Inā lilo ka "99%" i mea ʻoi aku ma mua o kahi meme kaila, inā e lilo ia i mea ikaika e hoʻololi i ka honua, ma hope o ke kanalua ʻole e kū pono mākou i kekahi o ka papa a me nā māhele lāhui e waiho nei i loko. Akā, pono mākou e hana me ka hoʻomanawanui, me ka mahalo, a me ka nānā mau ʻana i ka hana nui e hiki mai ana - ʻo ka huakaʻi aʻe, a i ʻole ke kūkulu hale ʻana, a i ʻole ka hakakā paʻa, e like me ke kūlana.
ʻO Barbara Ehrenreich, ʻO TomDispatch maʻamau, ke kumu o Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Geting By in America (i kēia manawa i kahi paʻi makahiki 10th me kahi huaʻōlelo hou).
ʻO John Ehrenreich ke kaukaʻi no ka noʻonoʻo ma ke Kulanui o New York State, College ma Old Westbury. Ua kākau ʻo ia The Humanitarian Companion: He alakaʻi no ke kōkua honua, hoʻomohala, a me nā limahana pono kanaka.
He ʻatikala hui TomDispatch/Nation kēia a ʻike ʻia ma ka paʻi ʻia ma ka Nation Magazine.
Ua ʻike mua ʻia kēia ʻatikala ma TomDispatch.com, he weblog o ka Nation Institute, e hāʻawi ana i kahi kahe mau o nā kumu ʻē aʻe, nā nūhou, a me nā manaʻo mai Tom Engelhardt, ka mea hoʻoponopono lōʻihi i ka paʻi ʻana, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka American Empire Project, ka mea kākau o ʻO ka hopena o ka moʻomeheu lanakila, e like me ka moʻolelo, The Last Days of Publishing. ʻO kāna puke hou ʻo The American Way of War: How Bush's Wars Became Obama's (Haymarket Books).
Hāʻawi kālā ʻia ʻo ZNetwork ma o ka lokomaikaʻi o kāna poʻe heluhelu.
E Makana mai