Edward S. Herman
US
Ua hoʻokumu lōʻihi ʻia ke kulekele koa i nā hoʻolālā a me nā ʻano hana
komo i ka nui kīwila nui. Ua hahai kēia mai kahi hui
o nā kumu, ʻokoʻa nā ʻāpana a me nā hopena ma muli o nā kūlana.
Akā ʻo kēia hui ʻana e hāʻawi mau i kahi lehulehu, i kekahi manawa ākea, civila
uku. Eia naʻe, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia e nā luna kaua i kēia mau make
a ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo ʻia nā ʻeha, akā he "collateral" wale nō.
i kekahi hopena, mālama ʻia lākou e ka media mainstream, NGOs,
kanaka hou, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano he hewa liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā hihia kahi
makaʻala ʻia nā makaʻāinana.
aka,
He hoʻopunipuni kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa, ʻoiai inā mākou e ʻae i kekahi manawa
ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana no ka ʻike ʻole (i kekahi manawa acknowledged
e nā luna e hoʻopunipuni, e like me ka mea i wehewehe ʻia ma lalo). ʻOiai inā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia
ka pahuhopu, inā he nui loa ka make kīwila a me ka helu helu
hiki ke wānana ua ʻae ʻia lākou a me ka manaʻo. Inā ma 500
ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā kauhale ʻo Afghan i ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā cadres al Qaeda
e make ana paha na makaainana ma 450 o lakou, oia ka make
he mea nui o ka papahana a me ke kuleana maopopo o
nā mea hoʻolālā a me nā mea hoʻokō. E like me kā ke kākā'ōlelo loio Michael Tonry
"Ma ke kānāwai karaima, ua like ke kumu a me ka ʻike
nā kūlana manaʻo hewa."
Eia kekahi,
ke ʻōlelo nei nā Geneva Conventions i nā mea hakakā "e
ʻokoʻa nā manawa ma waena o ka lehulehu kanaka a me nā mea hakakā
a ma waena o nā mea kīwila a me nā pahuhopu koa a, no laila,
e kuhikuhi i kā lākou mau hana e kū'ē wale i nā pahuhopu koa"
(Mahele IV, Mokuna 1, Paukū 48). Ke koi nei ʻo Tony Blair i ka
Ke hana nei ʻo West i "nā mea a pau e hiki ai iā mākou ke kanaka" e pale aku i ka lehulehu
ʻO ka poʻe i make ma Afghanistan, he wahaheʻe kēia, hāʻawi ʻia kēlā US
ʻO ka hoʻolālā hoʻomake ʻana—ma luna o Blair ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka mana iki
ua hōʻike ʻia ka manaʻo ʻana o nā haneli maoli o ka poʻe i noho nui ʻia
nā kahua kīwila i hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā limahana Taliban a i ʻole al Qaeda,
ua hoʻouka kaua iā lākou me nā mea kaua kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea kaua anti-personnel,
a i kekahi manawa e hoʻokumu i kēia mau hoʻouka kaua ma nā kumu ʻike kānalua.
Heaha
ʻO nā kumu e hoʻoholo ai i ka make kīwila? ʻO kekahi ka manaʻo
i nā poʻe kīwila ma kahi mokuʻāina i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Kahi ka heluna kanaka
ʻike ʻia e kākoʻo i ka ʻaoʻao a mākou e kūʻē nei, a ke hilinaʻi nei nā pūʻali ʻenemi
a noho i waena o ia heluna kanaka, e like me ka Vietnam War, ka heluna kanaka
mālama ʻia ʻo ia me ka ʻinoʻino a he mea hoʻomake paha ia
o ka huli ʻana i ʻoluʻolu me ka "hōʻino kolateral."
ʻO nā poʻe kīwila i kēia hihia i holo i ka miliona.
In
nā hihia ʻē aʻe, e like me Panama, Iraq, Yugoslavia, a me Afghanistan, kahi
hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia ka heluna kanaka e ke alakaʻi i manaʻo ʻia a/a i ʻole
ʻokoʻa a maopopo ʻole ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka manaʻo i ke kanaka kīwila
ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka poʻe i make (a i ʻole ka maikaʻi), akā ʻo kēia
ʻaʻole maopopo. ʻO kekahi kumu, ʻo ia ka heluna ʻana o nā ʻenemi
diabolo i loko o ka hoʻolaha kaua, a hana i "nā mea hoʻomake makemake,"
e like me ka nui o ka media i mālama i ka heluna kanaka o Serbia. ʻO kekahi kumu
ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua e pepehi i nā makaʻāinana hiki ke wikiwiki i ka hopena o ke kaua.
he kumu nui i ka hoʻonui ʻana o NATO i nā hoʻouka kaua ma nā hale kīwila
ma Serbia i ka wā o kona kaua ʻana me Yugoslavia a he manaʻo nui nō hoʻi
i ke kaua me ka Taliban.
no ka mea,
o ka hana daimonio, a me ke aloha aina, ka pepehi ana
nā haole kīwila, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole i hoʻolaha ʻia a pilikino,
liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻohe kumu kūʻai kālaiʻāina i ka poʻe kālai'āina a me ka pūʻali koa
hoʻokumu. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ke kumukūʻai politika o US make
pūʻali koa, hāʻawi ʻia i ka hoʻolaha kiʻekiʻe maʻamau i hāʻawi ʻia pēlā
make, he kiekie loa. ʻO ka nui o ia mau make ke keʻakeʻa i ka pūʻali koa
hoʻolaha a no laila he mea e pale ʻia (a hūnā ʻia)
ma nā koina āpau.
ʻO ka lua o ka mea e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā kaua a me ka hoʻolālā
makemake e pale aku i ka make o US. Ua paipai kēia i ka hoʻololi ʻana i
kaua ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kaua e hiki ke pepehi, hōʻino,
a hoʻoulu i ka makaʻu mai kahi mamao a me ka pilikia ʻole i nā limahana US.
ʻAʻole kūpono kēia hoʻololi i ka US bias i ka hoʻoponopono ʻenehana,
akā, he makani makani no ka pūʻali koa-ʻoihana, e like me
hāʻawi ia i ke kumu no ka hana hou a me ka "holomua"
i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea hana e hōʻeha, pepehi, a luku. I ka wā o ka
ʻO Vietnam War ua ʻike mākou i ka ʻenehana US e hana i nā Tiger Cages, nā manacles hale paʻahao
ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka wā e hakakā ai kahi paʻahao, a me ke aʻo ʻana i
ka pūʻali Vietnamese ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā haʻalulu uila (“wiring them
i luna") e kiʻi i nā pio e kamaʻilio; a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻana i ka napalm,
nā pōkā pūʻulu, a me nā mea kaua kemika e pepehi ai i nā mea kanu raiki a hoʻopau ʻole
kanaka
“Ka holomua”
ua hoʻomau i kēia mau ʻāpana āpau, me kēlā me kēia kaua liʻiliʻi e pono ai
no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka holomua ma nā mokuʻāina a me nā lāhui. Ma Iraq
a me Yugoslavia ua ʻike mākou i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o nā mea pahū ea wahie, ua pau
ka uranium, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā pōpoki pūpū; a ma Afghanistan ua loaʻa iā mākou
ʻike hou aʻe i nā pōkā puʻupuʻu make, nā mea ʻoki daisy, thermobaric
nā pōkā, a me ka nui o ka uranium pau i hoʻohana ʻia ma Raytheon's
Bunker Buster—GBU-28 (Robert Parsons, “Uranium Hoʻopau ʻia
i nā Bunker Bombs, ka mea huna huna nui a ʻAmelika," Le Monde
Diplomatique, Malaki 2002). Pono mākou e hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka virtually
nā ipu metala ʻole e hoʻokomo ai a lawe aku iā Taliban
pio (he mau haneli i make i ka make), a me ka
nā hīnaʻi uwea liʻiliʻi kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā pio i hopu ʻia ma Guantanamo
Bay, kahi hoʻihoʻi i ka wā Vietnam ʻo Tiger Cages.
ka
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka moʻomeheu Judeo-Christian
ka hoʻohewa ʻana i kēia mea kaua e ulu nei, a me kona hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana
hōʻike maikaʻi i ka māhele maikaʻi o ka hana ma nā pōʻai hoʻomalu
i loko o kahi kaiāulu democratic, me ka elite ʻenehana, Pentagon,
a me kona mau cadres a me mercenries e hoʻomohala a hoʻohana i kēia mau mea weliweli
nā mea kaua, ʻo ka media mainstream e hoʻohana maʻamau i kā lākou hoʻohana-ʻo ka nui
ma ke kaohi ana—a ua alakai ka lehulehu i ko lakou mokuaina
ʻo ia ʻoku puleʻi ʻe he kakai ʻoku māʻoniʻoni ʻa e kakai (vakai, Lisa Peattie, “Normalizing
ka manaʻo ʻole," Bulletin of Atomic Naʻauao, Malaki
1984).
ka
ka hopena o kēia nānā ʻana i ka ʻenehana e hōʻemi i ka make ʻana o US
ua pilikia no nā makaʻāinana ma nā mokuʻāina i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻO nā mea kaua i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia
pepehi a hōʻeha ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o lākou i nā hopena mau loa
ma ke olakino (depleted uranium) a i ʻole e pepehi koke akā me ka lōʻihi o ka manawa
(nā pōkā puʻupuʻu unexploded). A hoʻopakele ʻia mai nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole
mamao, me nā kuhi hewa, ʻike kuhi hewa, a me ka ʻenehana
nā hemahema e hoʻohui ana i ka helu kīwila o nā pōkā ma luna o ka pahuhopu, civilian
hiki ke nui loa ka poino. ʻO ke kālepa i ka neʻe ʻana i ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe
ʻo ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka make ʻana o ʻAmelika ʻoi aku ka nui o nā make kīwila ma ka
mokuʻāina i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
A
ʻO ke kolu o ka mea e pili ana i ka make kīwila, ʻo ia ka
hiki ke mālama i nā kaua US e hana ai i nā ʻenemi-moku'āina kīwila
ʻike maka. Ma kahi nui o kēia mākaukau, hiki ke pepehi ʻia nā makaʻāinana
manuahi, e wehewehe ana i ka hakakā mau ʻole o ka Pentagon
e hoʻomalu i ke kahe o ka ʻike. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui loa
ʻO ke kaua ʻo Vietnam ʻo ia ka mea ʻoi loa ka ʻino a me ke kīwila
Ua hana ʻia nā hana e ka mīkini kaua US ma South Vietnam,
ka mea a ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ʻōlelo ʻia e pale aku ai i ka hana ʻino
a "hoʻopakele" mai North Vietnam. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka napalm a pau
ma Vietnam Hema, a ʻo ka papahana nui o ke kaua kemika
hana ʻia ma ka hema wale nō. ʻOiai ʻo kēia kahi o ka
kaua, ʻo kahi mea nui i noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻolaha
mālama haʻahaʻa no ka mea aia ka poʻe i hoʻopilikia ʻia ma lalo o ka mana kālai'āina o
ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me kona aupuni papeti, i hoʻomaopopo pū kekahi
he ʻenemi nā kānaka.
It
e ʻike i ka wikiwiki o ka Pentagon a me ka media e helu i nā kino
o na makaainana ma na wahi e like me Kosovo, aka, he mea hoihoi ole
i loko a kānalua i nā koi o nā kino ma Panama, Iraq, Serbia, a me
i kēia manawa, ʻo Afghanistan. Inā, e like me kā Madeleine Albright i ʻōlelo ai ma kahi o 500,000
Ua pepehi ʻia nā keiki Iraqi e nā "hoʻopaʻi o ka luku nui,"
ua "pono" ko lakou make ana, ua lawa no
ka pāpaho nui—ʻaʻole lākou e nānā, hōʻike i nā kiʻi, a i ʻole
pili iā lākou iho me nā helu kino.
aka,
he ʻoiaʻiʻo nō hoʻi ka hele ʻana o ko lākou mau alakaʻi i nā ʻeha nui a mahuahua
i mea paʻakikī iā lākou e hōʻike i nā poʻe kīwila a me
ua ʻoi aku ka wiwo ʻole o kēia mau alakaʻi i kā lākou hoʻopaʻa ʻana
i nā makahiki i hala iho nei (me ke kōkua o ka media, nāna i hoʻohaʻahaʻa
i kēia mau hoʻoikaika ʻana a ʻaʻole hoʻi e paio iā lākou me kekahi ikaika). Loaʻa iā
Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka pōʻino i ka mana Pentagon a
censorship mai Grenada i 1983 i Panama i 1989 i Iraq i 1991
a iā Yugoslavia i ka makahiki 1999, ʻoiai ma ka hihia hope loa
liʻiliʻi nā kaohi i ka holo wikiwiki ʻana i nā mea mahuka a me nā helu kino ma Kosovo
ma hope o ka lawe ʻana o NATO i ka mahina ʻo Iune 1999, kahi e hoʻopiʻi ʻia ai ka make
i ka enemi mana.
Pepehi Kivila ma Afghanistan
me
ʻO ke kaua ma Afghanistan ua hiki mākou i kahi pae kiʻekiʻe loa
i nā ho'āʻo kūhelu e kaupalena i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā poʻe kīwila
a me ka wehewehe ʻana i nā mea hiki ʻole ke mālama ʻia ma lalo o ka moena.
Ua hōʻea mākou i kahi pae hou aʻe o ka hui media e mālama
ia ʻike ma kahi pae haʻahaʻa loa. He mea nui kēia
ʻoiai ʻo ke kaua US ma Afghanistan he kaua anti-civila, me
nā hopena pōʻino no ka heluna kanaka. ʻO kēia ka hopena
ma kahi hapa mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he pili ikaika ka Taliban i kahi mea nui
ʻāpana o ka hui Afghan a no ka nui o kāna mau lako
aia i loko a kokoke paha i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale. Akā, e like me nā US i hala iho nei
kaua (Iraq, Iugoslavia), aia i ka manaʻo hoʻoholo a
ka luku ʻana i nā ʻoihana ʻenehana a me nā ʻoihana lehulehu o ka ʻāina-nā alanui,
uwapo, alahao, mana uila, wai, a pela aku.—oia a
hoouka pololei i ka heluna kanaka a pau.
It
he kaua kūʻē i ke aupuni no ka mea ʻo ka hoʻomalu ʻana a Bush
Ua paʻa ka Pentagon e lanakila wikiwiki, me ke kaua ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe
a me ka hōʻike liʻiliʻi ʻana o nā limahana US i ka hakakā ʻāina, a ʻo lākou
ʻaʻohe hopohopo e pili ana i ka "hōʻino kolateral" koe wale nō ma ke ʻano he lehulehu
hooweliweli pili. Eia kekahi, i kā lākou wehewehe ʻana i ke kīwila
poino ua pahee pinepine i waho he aloha ka poe i hoehaia
i ka Taliban, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻokuʻu maikaʻi ("He wahi kēia o
aloha nui no ka Taliban a me Al Qaeda, "wahi a General
Gregory Newbold, e pili ana i ka pepehi kanaka ma ka aha mare ma Kakrak;
a i ʻole “Ua pili pono nā kānaka ma kahi kokoke i kēlā
hana," e like me kā Rumsfeld i ʻōlelo ai e pili ana i ka pepehi kanaka lehulehu
ma ke kauhale o Karam; a i ʻole “Ua make ka poʻe ma laila no ka mea
Ua makemake mākou e make lākou," ma ke ʻano he luna Pentagon i ʻike ʻole ʻia
i ʻōlelo ʻia ma CNN e pili ana i ka nui o nā kānaka kīwila i pepehi ʻia ma Chowkar-Karez).
ʻAʻole i koi ʻia e ka media i kēlā mau ʻōlelo a noʻonoʻo paha i kā lākou
pili i ka loiloi ʻana i nā koi Pentagon no ka mālama e pale aku i nā makaʻāinana.
ka
ʻO ka hopena o kēia hopohopo-a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi-ʻo ia ke kulekele o ka pana
a pahū mua, e pili ana i kekahi manawa ma luna o nā kumu ʻike kānalua o Afghan
ua hewa ia; ke pana ana a me ka pahū ʻana i “nā pahu hopu o
manawa kūpono" e like me nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa me ka ʻike ʻole o nā poʻe holo
(pinepine nā makaʻāinana i ka lele); a me ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā pōkā B-52
a me nā mea kaua luku ma luna a kokoke paha i nā kūlanakauhale ʻo Afghanistan a me nā mea he nui o Afghan
nā kauhale, he mau kakini i holoi ʻia mai ka palapala ʻāina.
Marc
Hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻo Herold i mau haneli mau kauhale kaʻawale i hahau ʻia e
ʻO nā pōkā US, ʻo kekahi mau mea i loaʻa i nā poʻe kīwila;
ʻO kāna helu o nā make i kākau ʻia ua holo ma luna o 3,000 ma waena o ʻOkakopa
7, 2001 a me Malaki 30, 2002 [“He Dossier of Civilian Victims
ʻO ka Pahu Lewa ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o Afghanistan: He Hoʻohui
Heluhelu,” [hōʻano hou ʻia, Malaki 2002]). ʻO ka manaʻo o ka hapa nui
ua pepehi ʻia kēia poʻe kīwila e nā pōkā "hewa" a i ʻole ke ʻimi ʻana
ʻO nā hewa ke kikowaena a me ka mea nui o ka hoʻokumu ʻana - ʻo lākou
ua pepehi ʻia e like me ke kulekele noʻonoʻo o ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā missiles
i, a hoʻolei i nā pōkā ma luna, i nā pahuhopu ma nā wahi lehulehu e pili ana i nā hōʻike
o kahi noho Taliban a i ʻole al Qaeda. He hoʻokahi paha kēlā noho
kanaka i loko o ke kai o nā makaʻāinana a he kānalua paha ka ʻike
kumu a ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia, akā i lalo mai nā missiles a me nā pōkā, mai
kiʻekiʻe a me nā mamao, a me ka mana nui e pepehi ma luna o a
ākea ākea.
"ʻO kēlā me kēia
ʻO ke kaʻa he pahu hopu no ka poʻe pōā ʻAmelika i ko lākou ʻimi ʻana i ka
ʻO ka poʻe hele ʻole o ka Taliban a me Al Qaeda," i kākau ai ʻo Suzanne Goldenberg
ma Zhawar, he wahi o na kamaaina mauna i hoike ai na kamaaina
iā ia ka pōʻino like ʻole i loaʻa iā lākou: “Ke kauhale
[Shudiaki] palahalaha loa. Ua luku ʻia koʻu hale a me koʻu
ua pepehi ʻia nā hoalauna…. Noho ka poe make ma ke kauhale.
Ua haʻalele nā mea ʻē aʻe" (“Day 100: another raid in the
kaua pana ʻana me ka pau ʻole," kahu [Ladana], Ianuali
15, 2002). Hoʻokahi hoʻouka kaua i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka ʻike ʻana i kahi kanaka lōʻihi
ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he mana, no laila paha ʻo Bin Laden, ʻaʻole
ua pono ka ʻike hou aku e pepehi ai i ʻeono mau mahiʻai.
On
ʻoi aku ka nui, ʻo ke kauhale o Kama Ado "ua pau"
ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā B-52 i nā kakini o nā pōkā i make 115 wahine, nā kāne
a me nā keiki i ka hoʻomaka o Dekemaba. Ma kahi o 150 mau makaʻāinana i make i ke kakahiaka
ʻO Nowemapa i ka pōʻino o Khananbad, ʻo nā pailaka B-52 "me he mea lā
poina i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā hale a lākou e hoʻopā nei
hale kīwila” (no ka nūpepa Pelekane kēia mau ʻōlelo).
Ua helu ʻo Herold i nā hale pule he 12 i hahau ʻia e nā pōkā US ma waena o ʻOkakopa 10
a ʻo Dekemaba 20, 2001, ʻelua wale nō i koi ʻia e ka Pentagon
he "hewa." He mau hihia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia
ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma nā pūnaewele i haʻalele lōʻihi ʻia e ka Taliban, a i ʻole ma luna o
palapala ʻāina kahiko, a i ʻole ma ka ʻike mai nā mea hoʻolaha uku me ke koʻi
e wili.
ka
Ua ʻike ʻia nō hoʻi ka manaʻo ʻole o ka manaʻo i nā poʻe kīwila
mai ka pahū mau ʻana o nā keʻena Red Cross i hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻia ma
ʻO Kabul, ka mea i hoʻopau i nā lako meaʻai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau;
ka pahū ʻana o kahi keʻena keʻa ʻulaʻula ma Kandahar; a me ka makemake ole
e ho'ōki i ka pōʻino i ka wā o Ramadan, i noi ʻia e ka honua āpau
nā keʻena kōkua e ʻae i ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka ulia pōpilikia i kahi heluna kanaka i hoʻopilikia ʻia
a no ka ʻae ʻana i kahi papahana kaʻi polio no nā keiki (ʻo ia
ka Taliban a me Northern Alliance i hoʻohanohano ʻia i nā makahiki i hala). ʻO ka
hoʻoweliweli i ka pōkā a laila ʻo ke kaua pahū ponoʻī, i hana ʻia ma a
ʻāina e loaʻa ana i ka pōloli nui, ka mea e lele nui ai a
ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā lako, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻole ʻia
ʻoi aku ka nui o nā make ma mua o ka pōʻino, e haʻi nui iā mākou e pili ana i ka hopohopo
o na luna kaua no na makaainana Afghan.
ka
ke kahe mau o ka hoole aupuni a me ka wahahee i na poino makaainana
ua ʻino, kūʻē, a huikau mau e ke kūʻokoʻa
nā mea hōʻike-ʻoi loa i hiki i ka mea hoʻolaha pono ke mālama i ka luna
mau olelo me ka hoowahawaha. Hana ʻia kēia ma ka nūpepa Pelekane, akā
ʻaʻole ma ʻaneʻi: nā moʻolelo ʻo Richard Parry ma ka Pelekane kuokoa
ʻaʻole i hiki mai ka luku ʻia ʻana o Kama Ado…. mākou
ʻike i kēia no ka mea ua haʻi mai ka US Department of Defense iā mākou pēlā…[a]
no ka mea, ua maʻalahi ka US i ke koho ʻana i nā pahuhopu koa wale nō
pili pū me ka pūnaewele Al-Qaeda o Osama bin Laden. Ma hope
ka pahū ʻana o Qalaye Niazi i ka pō o Dekemaba 29, ma muli o
"nā hōʻailona" o ke alo o Taliban a me Al
ʻO nā luna o Qaeda, ua hōʻike ka Pentagon ʻaʻohe "koʻikoʻi
poino." Akā ʻo Rory Carroll, e kipa ana i ke kahua no ka Lākana
Kahu, hōʻike hōʻike nui o ka pōʻino kīwila, me
ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 mau mahiʻai, ko lākou ʻohana, a me nā malihini male i make. ʻO ka
New York Times ua hōʻike mua i kēia hanana ma lalo o ke poʻo
"Ke kākoʻo nei ke alakaʻi o Afghanistan i ka pōʻino o US" (Ianuali 2,
2002), e hoʻolālā ana i ka pepehi ʻana o nā poʻe kīwila ma luna o 100 ma ke ʻano ākea
ka ʻae ʻana o ke kulekele US e ke alakaʻi i hoʻokomo ʻia e US.
Rikeke
Ua kipa ʻo Parry iā Tora Bora ma hope o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i make a ʻeha
he mau haneli poʻe ma ʻekolu kauhale (ua kipa pū ka poʻe ʻeha
na Susan Glasser o ka Hawaii Post a me Tim Weiner o
ka New York Times); akā, ua hōʻole ʻia kekahi pōʻino pili
na Rear Admiral Craig Quigley (“He hōʻike koʻikoʻi kā mākou
i kēlā me kēia manawa a mākou i pepehi ai i hoʻokahi kanaka") a me Rear Admiral
John Stufflebeem ("Ua ʻike mākou ʻaʻohe mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia"
a e pili ana i ka make kīwila, “ʻAʻole au i ʻike iā lākou
e ʻoiaʻiʻo").
mau
he mau wahaheʻe Pentagon maʻamau. Ua hiki ka lie syndrome i kahi piko hou
me ka pahū ʻana o ke kauhale o Kakrak a me ʻekolu mau hoalauna
kauhale ma ka la 1 o Iulai, me 60 a oi aku i make a oi aku he 100 i eha a
ʻaʻole ʻae ka poʻe i ʻeha e hoʻoneʻe ʻia i nā halemai
no na hora he nui. ʻO ke kaʻina hoʻopunipuni penei: (1) mua, he koi
o kahi pōkā hewa [haʻalele hope loa]; a laila (2), he hoʻouka ʻia
hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma hope o ke "ahi anti-aircraft mau" [muted
i ka wā ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā mea kaua anti-aircraft]; a laila (3) he mea maʻamau
no ka Taliban / al Qaeda e hoʻokomo i nā mea kaua a me nā pūʻali koa ma nā wahi kīwila
[akā, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā mea kaua a me nā pūʻali koa]; a (4) hiki i nā kama'āina
ua ʻeha ʻia e ka hāʻule ʻana o ke ahi antiaircraft [ʻaʻohe anti-aircraft
loaʻa nā mea kaua, a he 200 poʻe i make a ʻeha paha ma kēia ala he mea ʻakaʻaka];
(5) he "ʻike hilinaʻi" ka Pentagon i kēlā kiʻekiʻe
Ua mālama ʻia nā luna Taliban ma Kakrak [ʻaʻohe kumu i hāʻawi ʻia
ʻaʻole loaʻa nā luna Taliban]; a (6) ʻaʻole hiki i ka Pentagon
hōʻoia i ka make kīwila, a "ʻoi aku paha
koko.” Akā me Karzai e hoʻopiʻi liʻiliʻi ma aneʻi, kahi noiʻi
Ua hoʻouna ʻia ka hui i Kakrak a ua hoʻohiki ʻo Rumsfeld e hana
e lawe i kekahi mau lā wale nō e loaʻa ai ka "ʻike pono."
ʻOiai
Ua hiki mai ka Pentagon i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā koho (mau
inflated) o nā make kīwila ma Kosovo, ʻaʻole hiki ke hele mai me kahi
helu ma Afghanistan, a waiho i nā hihia "ma lalo o ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana"
i ka wā e koi ʻia ai kēia no ka pili aupuni. Hiki
ʻO ia ka mea e pale aku ai ka Pentagon i ka helu kino ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana
ka hoʻolālā o ka uhi ʻana, e ʻae i ke kaua aloha ʻole me ke kaumaha
make kīwila? ʻAʻole kēia he kumuhana kūpono no ka hoʻolaha
ʻōnaehana, a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻopuka ka media i ka hoʻopunipuni,
e like me ka Nu Ioka Times ma kāna ʻatikala ʻaoʻao mua ma "Ucertain
Toll in the Fog of War: Civilian Deaths in Afghanistan” (Feberuari
10, 2002). Ke koi nei kēia ʻatikala, "ʻO ka pūʻali koa ʻAmelika maʻamau
hōʻike i ka pono o kāna hoʻouka ʻana i ka ea, akā ma kāna ʻae ʻana
ua pilikia ʻo ia i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka nui o nā kānaka kīwila
make.” Hōʻike kēia ʻōlelo i ka hopohopo o ka pūʻali koa
e hoʻomaopopo i ka poʻe make kīwila, a ʻaʻole i hana pēlā no (unexplained)
nā kumu ʻenehana; ka huaʻōlelo, "ma kona ʻae ʻana,"
He hoʻopunipuni semantic e hoʻoikaika i kēia manaʻo kalahala. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo,
Ua ʻae nā mea haʻiʻōlelo no ka Pentagon ʻaʻole lākou
ʻohi ʻikepili no kēia kumuhana.
keia
Ua ʻōlelo pū kekahi ʻatikala i ka ʻōlelo a Pentagon "he mea kupaianaha
ua hoʻoikaika ʻia e hōʻemi i nā poho kīwila, kahi mea
ʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe hoʻohewa i ke kaua ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻopaʻapaʻa." ʻO kēia hou
he ʻōlelo hoʻolaha pololei, i ʻōlelo ʻia he ʻoiaʻiʻo me ka ʻole
kekahi hoike. Ua ʻae wale ka ʻatikala i ka "ea kuhi hewa
hahau," ʻaʻole loa e ʻae i ka nui o nā helu
ua kuhikuhi ʻia ma nā pūnaewele "i ʻōlelo ʻia" e hale i kahi Taliban
alakaʻi, a me 500 paha kanaka kīwila, a i ʻole "nā pahuhopu
o ka manawa" ua unuhi ʻia me ka lokomaikaʻi. ʻO William wale nō
Hāʻawi ʻia ka manaʻo o Arkin no ka make kīwila. ʻO Arkin, ʻo wai
hana no ka Human Rights Watch a ke aʻo nei ma ke kula ʻo US Air Force
o Advanced Airpower Studies, kau i ka huaʻōlelo "pōʻino"
i nā kaha ʻōlelo i ka wā e pili ana i nā poʻe kīwila o Afghan, a
Ua huhū ʻo ia i ka nānā nui ʻana i kēia kumuhana. Nīnau ʻo Arkin
Afghans "I ka manawa hea ʻoe e uku ai i ka US no ke kumukūʻai o ka
nā pōkā a me ka wahie mokulele a me nā ola ʻAmelika i hāʻawi ʻole ʻia
E hoʻohiolo i ka Taliban a hoʻopau iā Al Qaeda, hana ʻia i hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa
he wā e hiki mai ana?” (“E nānā ana i nā pōʻino kīwila,” WP,
ʻApelila 9, 2002).
ka
ʻO ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻokele Bush a me ka Pentagon
ʻO ka hoʻohana e pili ana i kekahi mau mea. ʻO kekahi o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi ʻano pono
ma ka home e mālama i ka media ma lalo o ka palena palena. ʻO ke aupuni
no laila ua pāʻani i ka "hoʻoweliweli hoʻoweliweli" gambit i
ka piha, e hana ana i ka lewa kaua i loko o nā hoʻohewa o ka pūʻali koa
pili pili i ka poʻe kipi. Ua kōkua ʻia kēia e ka super-patriotic
nā mīkini flak e like me kā Lynne Cheney a me Joseph Lieberman
ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā Alumni (ACTA) a me William Bennet
ʻAmelika no ka lanakila ma luna o ka hoʻoweliweli (AVOT), ka inoa a me ka hoʻopaʻi
nā mea hoʻokae. Ua kōkua pū ʻia e nā koa ʻākau he nui
ma ka media (Fox, New
Republic, Weekly Standard, Wall Street Journal, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui)
ka mea e hoʻāla mau i ka manaʻo no ke kaua a me ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana. Mawaena
ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo Christopher Hitchens, ka mea kākau moʻolelo hema hema no Kaha
maikai a me ka Nation, ua hoʻohanohano iā ia iho no ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana
nā mea hōʻeuʻeu kaua a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka Pentagon no kahi "aneane pedantic"
kulekele e pale aku i nā makaʻāinana i kāna kaua pana.
laila
He mea hoʻoweliweli hoʻi i ke kahua kūʻē Arab Al Jazeera,
me kahi keʻena ma Kabul, hiki ke hoʻomau i ka hōʻike ʻana i nā kiʻi o nā mea make
a hōʻeha i nā kānaka kīwila o Afghan, a he kālepa kūʻokoʻa
Hiki paha i ka lawelawe nūhou satellite ke kiʻi i nā kiʻi o nā kahua kīwila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia
ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻia ʻana. Ua mālama ka Pentagon i kēia
pilikia pono. Ua pahū ʻia ke keʻena o Al Jazeera ma Kabul
a lukuia. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopā i nā keʻena o Al Jazeera
ma Qatar, he mokuʻāina aloha, akā ʻo ke poʻo o ka Moku'āina ʻo Colin Powell
Ua koi ʻo ia i ka sheik o Qatar e kāohi iā Al Jazeera, a me ka National Security
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kauka Condoleeza Rice i nā keena TV US e pale i ka hoʻouna ʻana
ʻO nā haʻiʻōlelo ʻo Bin Laden, i ʻōlelo ʻia aia paha nā ʻōlelo huna
i nā pūʻali koa al Qaeda.
As
no ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o nā kiʻi ukali ʻaʻohe mana, ka Pentagon
hoʻoponopono i kēlā pilikia ma ke kūʻai ʻana i nā kuleana kūʻokoʻa i nā kiʻi āpau i hana ʻia
na Denver-based Space Imaging, ʻo ia wale nō ka hui ʻoihana ʻoihana
nā kiʻi hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe e ka satellite.
ka
mainstream US media, no laila gung-ho no ka "kahe manuahi o ka ʻike"
i ka hopohopo e pili ana i nā palena o ko lākou komo ʻana i nā mākeke media haole,
ʻAʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia e kēia mau hana Pentagon e hoʻopaʻa i ka
kahe kaawale, a me ka New York Times hāʻawi ʻia kahi hoʻohui
ʻatikala e hoʻopaʻi nei iā Al Jazeera no ka bias (Fouad Ajami, "He aha
the Muslim World Is Watching,” Nov. 19, 2001). ʻO ka ʻokoʻa,
ua hoʻomaikaʻi kekahi mau haʻawina hoʻonaʻauao maikaʻi i kā Al Jazeera
pololei i ka hōʻike ʻana, e like me ka puke piha piha, ʻoiai
ua ʻike nā mea a pau e "ʻōlelo" ʻo Al Jazeera mai kahi kūlana.
Na Makuahine
o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pāpaho e nā mea hoʻolaha hoʻolaha ʻoi loa o US
ua hōʻea i nā pae hou, e hele ana ma mua o ka censorship a me ka ʻōnaehana wai
o ke kaua Kaiwa o Peresia. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā mea hoʻolaha US ma Bagrum
kumu, me ka "briefing" elua i kela la i keia la e like me ka
ʻO "5 o'clock follies" ma Vietnam, ʻo ka poʻe hoʻolaha
ke kākau ʻana a me ka hoʻouna ʻana i kēia "news." ʻO Walt
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Rodgers o CNN "Ua loaʻa iā mākou ke kūʻokoʻa o ka uhi
ʻO nā hana kaua Soviet ma Afghanistan ma mua o kā mākou ma Camp
ʻO Rhino” (he kahua hoʻomoana kai mua). Ma kahi hihia koʻikoʻi e hōʻike ana
ka lapaʻau ʻana o ka media, Doug Struck o ka Hawaii Post,
e ho'āʻo ana e kipa i kahi kahua o nā poʻe kīwila, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia
me ka pana ia e kekahi koa US. Akā i ka New York Times
version ma "Ucertain Toll" a me kona mau kumu (Februari
2), ʻo ka pepa, e wehewehe ana i ka ʻike ʻike, ʻōlelo ʻo “Kekahi
o keia i noonooia. No nā mahina, ua haʻalele ka Taliban i kekahi
haole nana. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea a lākou i ʻōlelo ai e pili ana i ka make kīwila
ua hooiaio wahahee. Akā i kēia manawa, ʻoiai me ka Taliban i hala, ʻoiaʻiʻo
paʻakikī ke hele mai. Aia ma kahi mamao loa nā wahi o nā hoʻouka lewa i hala
wahi…” ʻAʻole hiki i ka Pepa Moʻolelo ke ʻae i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo
paʻakikī e hele mai ma muli o ke kulekele "kūpono" Pentagon
a ʻo nā ʻōlelo a Taliban wale nō i hōʻoia ʻia he wahaheʻe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo,
ʻO nā palena o ka Pentagon i hoʻopili wale ʻia i ka keke, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia
e keia mau mea manawa obfuscations and lies. Me ka marginal loa
ʻokoʻa, ua laina ka poʻe media e lawelawe i ka mokuʻāina i ka mālama ʻana
ʻO nā pōʻino o Afghan a me nā pilikia pili. Ua kauoha ʻo CNN
ʻO kāna mau mea hoʻolaha e hoʻomaopopo, "ua hoʻoikaika pinepine ka Pentagon
ke ho'āʻo nei e hōʻemi i ka "poino kīwila o Afghan-a
e haʻi mau ka poʻe nūhou i ka make ʻana o 9/11 ke koi ʻia
e hana me ka poʻe pōʻino o Afghan. Ke kauoha ia aku nei ka poe hoike e lawe
ʻoiai he ʻoiaʻiʻo kahi ʻōlelo hoʻolaha Pentagon, he wahaheʻe i hōʻike ʻia.
Hoʻokumu ʻia kēlā wahaheʻe i ka media, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma mua
nā huaʻōlelo mai ka New York Times. Ua maopopo no ke kumu
Ua mālama ʻia nā haʻawina kikoʻī a Herold ma waho o ke kahawai
media (ʻoiai ua ʻōlelo mau ʻia ma ka media Pelekane a me Kelemania).
Hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā hōʻike nui e hōʻole ana i ka wahaheʻe nui; a ua maʻalahi
e hoʻowahāwahā wale iā ia ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo e hōʻole iā ia.
ʻaneʻane
ʻumi mahina ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻouka kaua, ʻo ka manawa
holo i kahi ʻatikala ʻaoʻao mua, e hōʻoia ana, hohonu i ka ʻāpana,
e hōʻike ana nā hōʻike "he nui nā kānaka kīwila i pepehi ʻia
ma ka lele lele ʻana i ka pahu hopu a lākou i manaʻo ai… no ka mea
i ka makemake e pepehi i na koa Quaeda a me Taliban, ua hana ko Amerika
ʻaʻole e hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ma waena o nā makaʻāinana a me nā pūʻali koa"
(Dexter Filkins, "ʻO nā hemahema i ka US Air War haʻalele i nā haneli o nā maka'āinana
Make,” Iulai 21). Hoʻopaʻa ka ʻatikala i nā make kīwila ma a
ka nānā ʻana i nā pūnaewele 11 i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻohana pono ʻole o
ʻike i hoʻohaumia a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana. Akā ʻo ka
ʻO ke poʻomanaʻo "Flaws in US Air War" he hoʻopunipuni i kēlā,
e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, ua ʻoluʻolu ka Pentagon i ka
nā hopena, me ka liʻiliʻi o nā poʻe i make i ka US, no laila ʻo ka make kīwila
ʻaʻole "nā hemahema" mai ka manaʻo kūhelu. Hōʻike pū kekahi
ʻo nā "haneri" wale nō i make, e hoʻomau ana i ka hōʻole ʻana e haʻi iā Herold
hana, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka uku pololei, a me ka haʻi ʻole ʻana i kekahi
ka make ʻana mai nā ʻeha, nā pōkā puʻupuʻu, ka uranium pau ʻole, nā make
ka hopena ma muli o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ka ʻoihana a i ʻole ka pōloli
ka nui o na makaainana.
Marc
Ua hōʻike ʻo Herold i ka awelika o kēlā me kēia lā o ke kamaʻāina Afghan
ʻO nā make mai ka pōʻino US ma kahi o 41-47 i kēlā me kēia lā
(a hiki i Malaki 2002). ʻO kēia ka nui o ka make ma Racak,
Kosovo i Ianuali 1999, ka mea i hoʻonāukiuki i nā luna o NATO a me ka mea nui
media a hāʻawi i kahi kumu no ka hoʻopā ʻana iā Yugoslavia (ʻoiai
inā paha he mau makaʻāinana ka poʻe i pepehi ʻia ma laila).
Akā hiki i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ke pepehi i nā kānaka kīwila hala ʻole i kēlā uku no
mau mahina ma ka hopena a hiki i ka media mainstream ke lawe i kēia me ka palaoa
o ka paakai, no ka mea, ua maikai na welau (ma ka hoakaka patriotic) a
ʻO ka pepehi kanaka he mau hewa pōʻino wale nō, ʻoiai he mea hoʻohui
o ke kulekele.
i ka wa
ʻAʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia ka poʻi ma nā hōʻike, ʻōlelo paha nā alakaʻi o US
Minamina lākou i nā hewa pōʻino. ʻO ka New York Times me ka luna hoʻoponopono
hoʻomaikaʻi iā Pelekikena Bush no ke kāhea ʻana iā Pelekikena Karzai a hōʻike
kona aloha i ka poʻe i hōʻeha ʻia ma Kakrak a me ʻekolu mau kauhale ʻē aʻe
i hahau ʻia e ke "ahi ʻAmelika i kuhi hewa ʻole ʻia," a me ka
Ua koi nā mea hoʻoponopono iā Wakinekona e uku i ka "hewa ʻole"
ʻO Afghanis, ʻoiai ʻaʻole mākou e koi ʻia e uku i ka manaʻo ʻole
ka poʻe pōʻino” (“Afghanistan's Unintended Victims,”
ed., Iulai 8, 2002). ʻO kēia ka mea e ʻoi aku ka pololei o ke kaua maikaʻi. Z
Edward
ʻO S. Herman he mea hoʻokele waiwai, mea kākau, a me ka ʻikepili media. ʻO kāna mea hou loa
puke, i hoʻoponopono pū ʻia me Philip Hammond, ʻo ia Hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia:
ʻO ka Media a me ka pilikia o Kosovo (Pluto, 2000).