Daga ra'ayoyi & aiki.
Yayin da konawar burbushin halittu ke ci gaba da yin sama da girman nau'in carbon dioxide a cikin yanayi, rikicin dumamar yanayi yana ƙara yin muni. A cikin gargadin "Code Red for Humanity" a cikin 2021, Kwamitin Tsare-tsare na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Sauyin Yanayi ya ce: "Ƙararrawar ƙararrawa tana ta kurmance, kuma shaidar ba ta da tabbas: hayaƙin da ake fitarwa daga burbushin mai da sare dazuka yana shake duniyarmu kuma jefa biliyoyin mutane cikin hadari nan take. Dumamawar duniya tana shafar kowane yanki a duniya…”
Amma muna asarar yaƙin yanayi ya zuwa yanzu. A ciki Canjin yanayi a matsayin Yakin Aji, Masanin tarihin Marxist Matthew Huber ya yi jayayya cewa motsin yanayi yana asara saboda ya samo asali ne a cikin "ajin kwararru." Yana mai cewa wannan ajin ba shi da ikon kayar da manyan muradun jari-hujja da ke jawo waraka daga irin tsattsauran ra'ayi na kone-kone da ake bukata. Ga Huber, motsin yanayi yana buƙatar tushe a cikin masu aiki don samun isasshen iko don aiwatar da sauye-sauyen tsarin da ake buƙata don yaƙar ɗumamar yanayi yadda ya kamata.
Huber yayi nazarin motsin yanayin da ake ciki kamar yadda ya ƙunshi yadudduka uku. Na farko, akwai "masu sadarwa na kimiyya" kamar James Hansen waɗanda suke ƙoƙarin yin mashahurin ilimi game da kimiyyar canjin yanayi. Ƙungiya ta biyu sune "masu fasaha na siyasa" tare da gwaninta a cikin doka ko nazarin manufofi da aiki a cikin tankunan tunani, duniyar jami'a, ko masu zaman kansu. Manufar su ita ce ƙera hanyoyin warware manufofin “masu wayo” (kamar harajin carbon). Ƙungiya ta uku ita ce "masu tsattsauran ra'ayi" waɗanda fallasa su ga ilimin kimiyyar lalata muhalli "ya kai ga wani nau'in radicalization na siyasa." Huber yana kallon waɗannan ƙungiyoyi a matsayin wani ɓangare na "ƙwararrun ƙwararrun" kuma yayi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da ka'idarsa ta wannan aji don bayyana siyasar yanayin yanayi. Huber ya nuna wasu siffofi guda biyu na motsin yanayi da yake gani a matsayin tushen rauni: (1) Ƙaddamar da yawan amfani da mutum a matsayin wani abu na dumamar yanayi, don haka ya haifar da "siyasa maras kyau" - musamman ma fasalin "rauni". ” siyasa; da (2) mai da hankali kan ilimin kimiyya. "Yin siyasar yanayi kawai game da kimiyya yana guje wa batun iko. Yana ba mu damar siffanta…rashin aiki kan sauyin yanayi kawai saboda rashin fahimta maimakon a rashin iko”.
Huber yayi kira ga ka'idar "Kwararrun-Masu Gudanarwa" (Barbara da John Ehrenreich suka gabatar) don ƙoƙarin bayyana asalin waɗannan fasalulluka na motsin yanayi na "ƙwararrun aji". Anan ya nuna mahimmancin takaddun shaida wanda ke ba da damar samun damar "ajin masu sana'a" zuwa kasuwar aiki. Wannan ya haɗa da "samuwar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ilimi, wanda ake samun damar yin amfani da shi kawai ta hanyar dogon horo," digiri da shirye-shiryen ba da lasisi, ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru, waɗanda ya ɗauka a matsayin "nau'ikan ƙungiyar aji." Wannan yana ƙoƙarin ƙarfafa yarda da akidar cancantar da ke ba da ikon yanke shawara ga manajoji da ƙwararru. Wannan girmamawa kan mahimmancin ilimi da kuma matsayin ƙwararru yana ba da fifiko ga ilimin ilimin kimiyya na yanayin motsin yanayi, kamar yadda Huber ke gani.
A cikin ka'idar Ehrenreichs na PMC, matsayinsu na aji ya dogara ne akan ikon su akan haifuwar al'adu da zamantakewa. Haka ake saka malamai da marubuta cikin ajin. Duk da haka, Marxists da libertarian socialists suna da wani daban-daban ka'idar aji. A nasu ra'ayi, a tarihi an yi la'akari da aji a matsayin ƙungiyoyi-da-ƙungiyoyi masu ƙarfi a cikin samar da zamantakewa, kamar yadda a tunanin Marx na jari a matsayin alakar iko ta zamantakewa. Dubi ta daga wannan ra'ayi, ina tsammanin ka'idar PMC tana son yin takarda akan bambanci tsakanin ƙungiyoyin aji guda biyu. Na farko, akwai wata kungiya da nake kira da aji kula da hukuma. Matsayin aji na wannan rukuni ya dogara ne akan ikon yanke shawara na dangi, ta hanyar tsarin mulki wanda ke da ikon sarrafa ma'aikata da tafiyar da kamfanoni da hukumomin gwamnati kowace rana. Wannan ya haɗa da ba kawai manajoji masu albashi ba amma ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun waɗanda ke aiki tare da gudanarwa don sarrafa ma'aikata da kare muradun kamfanoni, kamar lauyoyin kamfanoni, ƙwararrun HR, da injiniyoyin masana'antu waɗanda ke tsara ayyuka da ƙungiyar aiki. Ƙarfin da suke da shi a kan ma'aikata shi ne ginshiƙi bayyanannen gaba tsakanin wannan ajin da ma'aikata.
Abin lura shi ne cewa malaman makaranta, ’yan jarida, marubutan rubutu, da ma’aikatan jinya duk sun kafa ƙungiyoyi kuma a wasu lokuta suna yajin aiki. Waɗannan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ma'aikata ba yawanci suna cikin na'urorin gudanarwa ba, kuma ba sa sarrafa sauran ma'aikata. Don haka, suna da matsayi na tsari kamar babban ajin aiki na ma'aikatan hannu, ba ajin kula da ofisoshi ba. Mutanen da ke cikin wannan ƙananan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun sau da yawa suna da digiri na koleji, kuma wani lokacin suna nuna fifiko ga ainihin ajin aikin hannu. Hakanan suna da ƙarin samun 'yancin kai a cikin aikinsu. Duk da haka, "cinikin ƙwararrun" a farkon 20th karni sau da yawa yana nuna fifiko ga ƙwararrun ma'aikatan hannu kuma galibi suna da 'yancin kai a cikin aikinsu. Amma gabaɗaya muna ɗaukar ƙwararrun ma'aikatan kwala shuɗi (kamar kayan aiki da masu yin mutuwa) a matsayin ɓangaren ma'aikata.
Ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ma'aikata za a iya jarabtar su zuwa akidar cancantar matsakaiciyar aji. Don haka za su kasance a cikin wani yanayi mai rikici, kamar yadda kuma suke raba ƙarƙashin matsayi na ma'aikata. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa kalmar Erik Olin Wright "wuri mai cin karo da juna" ya dace da wannan rukunin - batun da Huber ya yarda.
"Gwargwadon?"
Yawancin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na kallon ci gaban jari-hujja a matsayin musabbabin rikice-rikicen muhalli na 'yan kwanakin nan. Ana taƙaice wannan sau da yawa a cikin taken game da rashin hankali na "girma mara iyaka akan duniyar da ba ta da iyaka." Wannan ya haifar da ba da shawarar "girma" a wasu da'irori. Amma ba a bayyana ma’anar hakan ba. George Kallis - marubucin A cikin Tsaro na Girma - ya bayyana shirin lalata ta wannan hanya: “haɓakar abinci a cikin lambunan birane; gidaje tare da ecocommunes; madadin hanyoyin sadarwar abinci, ƙungiyoyin samarwa-mabukaci, da wuraren dafa abinci na gama gari; kula da lafiya, kula da dattijai, da haɗin gwiwar kula da yara; bude software; da tsarin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa da rarrabawa.” Ko da yake yawancin ayyuka irin wannan suna da amfani, amma ba a san dalilin da ya sa irin wannan shirin zai magance matsalar dumamar yanayi ba.
Huber yayi ƙoƙari ya tsara ɓarna a matsayin wani nau'i na siyasa "ƙwararrun aji". Amma wannan bai fito fili ba. Lambunan birane kuma suna cikin al'ummomi marasa galihu kuma ayyukan haɗin gwiwa suna da tallafin masu aiki.
Idan za mu ɗauki taken “girma” a zahiri, zai nuna cewa hanyar da za a magance ɗumamar yanayi ita ce ta tabarbarewar tattalin arziƙin da ke rage yawan samar da kayayyaki. A cewar kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi, hayakin Carbon Dioxide na bukatar faduwa daga matakin da yake yanzu na tan biliyan 32 zuwa tan biliyan 20 cikin shekaru ashirin. Kamar yadda Robert Pollin ya nuna, Tattalin Arziki na kashi 10 cikin 2007 - sau hudu fiye da Babban koma bayan tattalin arziki na 09-10 - zai rage fitar da iskar carbon dioxide da kashi 32 cikin dari, daga ton biliyan 29 zuwa 10. Don haka zai kasa zuwa ko'ina kusa da adadin raguwar hayaƙin carbon dioxide da ake buƙata. Kuma kashi XNUMX cikin XNUMX na durƙushewar tattalin arziƙi zai haifar da matsananciyar wahala a kan yawan ma'aikata waɗanda tuni ke kan gaba. Wasu masu tsaron gida na rashin kunya da'awar cewa austerity ba manufar. To amma menene shirinsu na magance matsalar dumamar yanayi?
Huber ya musanta ra'ayin cewa jari hujja yana haifar da "ci gaban al'umma gabaɗaya." Burin ‘yan jari hujja ba shine ci gaba a kansa ba, amma ci gaban riba. Masu jari-hujja suna saka hannun jari a cikin kamfanoni waɗanda ke samar da kayayyaki don siyarwa. Suna buƙatar samun riba don faɗaɗa - faɗaɗa cikin sabbin kasuwanni, haɓaka sabbin kayayyaki, hayar manajoji da masana. Idan ba su yi haka ba, sauran kamfanoni za su ci su. Gina sabbin kasuwanni don samfuran su ya haifar da ƙirƙira irin su ƙirƙira ƙimar ƙima a cikin 1920s, don faɗaɗa kasuwar motoci da kayan aiki. Don haka a aikace tsarin tara jari yana ya haifar da faɗaɗa samar da kayayyaki - haɓakar kayan sarrafawa.
Gasar tana tilasta wa kamfanoni su ci gaba da neman hanyoyin da za su rage kashe kuɗi, don haɓaka riba. Suna yin hakan ne a kan kuɗin ma’aikata da muhalli. Suna aiki don rage ƙarancin albashi, da kuma nemo hanyoyin da za a rage sa'o'in aikin da ake buƙata kowace naúrar fitarwa. Za su iya sarrafa aiki ta atomatik ko amfani da hanyoyin “samar da ƙima” don hanzarta ko ƙara aikin. Damuwa da bayyanar sinadarai suna da mummunan tasiri akan lafiyar ma'aikaci. Kamfanoni a tsare-tsare suna neman fitar da farashi ga wasu. Kamfanin wutar lantarki na iya ƙona gawayi wanda ke taimakawa wajen ɗumamar yanayi kuma yana lalata tsarin numfashi na mutane da ke ƙasa. Amma ba a buƙatar kamfanin wutar lantarki ya biya komai don waɗannan diyya. Wannan misali ne na "mara kyau externalities." Arthur Pigou ya gabatar da wannan ra'ayi a cikin tsarin tattalin arziki na yau da kullun karni da suka gabata. Huber ya ki amincewa da maganar "marasa kyau na waje" saboda amfani da "masu fasaha na siyasa" waɗanda ke amfani da shi don tura harajin carbon. Misali: "Gina fasahar kere-kere na hayaki a matsayin 'kudin zamantakewa' da za a shigar da shi cikin kasuwa a ƙarshe ya haifar da siyasar da ke nuna yanayin yanayi zai sanya wannan tsadar kan ma'aikata da tattalin arzikin gaba ɗaya."
Wannan rugujewar rudu ce. Ƙirar waje wani fasalin tsarin jari-hujja ne. Yawancin masana tattalin arziki masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ke amfani da wannan a matsayin wani ɓangare na sukar jari hujja. Haɓaka sauye-sauye na tsarin jari-hujja a haƙiƙanin gaskiya shine mabuɗin tsarin da ke haifar da ɗumamar yanayi da sauran nau'ikan ɓarnawar muhalli. Idan ba tare da fahimtar sauye-sauyen tsadar jari-hujja ba, ba zai yiwu a sami cikakken bayani game da halin jari-hujja na lalata muhalli ba.
Sabuwar Yarjejeniyar Koren A matsayin Shirin Aiki
Huber yayi jayayya cewa aji mai aiki wakili ne na canjin zamantakewa tare da yuwuwar ikon turawa ta hanyar shirin muhalli mai tsattsauran ra'ayi kamar Green New Deal. Ƙarfin ƙarfin ma'aikata yana cikin abubuwa biyu. Na farko, rukunin masu aiki shine mafi rinjaye - tsakanin kashi biyu bisa uku zuwa kashi uku cikin huɗu na yawan jama'a. Na biyu, matsayi na ma'aikata a wuraren aiki - "buyayyar wurin samar da kayayyaki" - shine tushen ƙarfin iko. Lokacin da ma'aikata suka gudanar da yajin aikin hana samarwa, suna dakatar da cin riba, ko kuma rufe hukumomin gwamnati.
Huber yayi jayayya cewa ajin ma'aikata yana da abubuwan "halitta" abubuwan sha'awa. "Tsarin yanayin rayuwar aji aiki," in ji Huber, "game da hanyoyin [zamantawa] haifuwa -Hanyoyin da ma'aikata ke haifar da rayuwarsu a matsayin halittun halittu a wajen aiki." An gina rauni a cikin yanayin aji na aiki. Ana tilasta wa ma'aikata neman ayyukan yi daga ma'aikatan jari-hujja - don samun albashi don siyan kayayyakin da ake buƙata don haɓaka rayuwarsu a yau da kullun. Ma'aikata suna da rauni ga lokutan rashin aikin yi, da rashin isasshen albashi. A halin yanzu Kashi 49 cikin 400 na ma'aikata za su sami wahalar samun dala XNUMX tare don gaggawa, a cewar wani binciken YouGov. CareerBuilder ya gano cewa kashi 78 cikin XNUMX na Amurkawa suna rayuwa ne ga albashi. Kula da yara ba shi da araha kuma biyan kuɗi da kari na nufin mutane masu aiki galibi ba za su iya samun kulawar likita ba ko da suna da inshora. Huber ya ba da shawarar cewa "kwayoyin halitta na proletarian" za su mayar da hankali kan rage wannan rashin lafiyar ta hanyar "lalata" dangi na yadda ake bukata. "Mutane za su fahimci ayyukan yi, wutar lantarki kyauta, ko gidajen jama'a a matsayin masu fa'ida," in ji Huber, "amma zai rage ga… Sigar da Huber ya fi so na wannan shirin shine sigar Sabuwar Yarjejeniya ta Green New Deal wanda 'Yan Jam'iyyar Democrat na Amurka ke bayarwa.
Sha'awar dorewar muhalli wani sha'awa ce ta musamman na aiki saboda sassa daban-daban na mallaka da sarrafa azuzuwan suna da ruwa da tsaki wajen "tsawaita rikicin muhalli" saboda dabarun samun ribarsu an gina su akan ayyukan lalata muhalli. Yayin da matsananciyar yanayi da raƙuman zafi masu haɗari ke zama bayyane a ko'ina, "hunches" cewa sauyin yanayi shine matsala ya zama yaduwa. Don haka Huber ya ba da shawarar "haɗa haɓaka kayan aikin kai tsaye a cikin rayuwar mutane zuwa ayyukan yanayi."
Huber yayi hasashen tsarin matakai biyu don "decarbonizing" tattalin arzikin. Na farko, kawar da masana'antar wutar lantarki daga kona man fetur. Na biyu, yi amfani da wutar lantarki don rage hayakin carbon dioxide a wasu wurare a cikin tattalin arziki - a cikin sufuri, masana'antu, dumama da dafa abinci, da sauransu. Huber yana tunanin yana da mahimmanci a kawo ma'aikatan masana'antar wutar lantarki a cikin wannan shirin, saboda babban matakin haɗin gwiwa da mahimmancin dabarun tattalin arziki. Yawancin kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki suna da babban hannun jari a kamfanoninsu na iskar gas da na kwal. Ta haka ne suke samar da wani shinge ga saurin decarbonization na masana'antar wutar lantarki. Wannan ya haifar da shawarar yin amfani da ikon jiha don karbe su don canzawa zuwa abubuwan sabuntawa. Huber yana sane da cewa tsarin wutar lantarki mallakar jama'a - irin su Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Wutar Lantarki ta Los Angeles (LADWP) - sau da yawa suna bin ayyuka iri ɗaya na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Don haka yana ganin ma’aikata za su bukaci yin amfani da karfin kada kuri’a na dimokuradiyya don kawar da manufofin gwamnati daga kona makabar wutar lantarki.
Saboda mahimmancin sashin wutar lantarki zuwa shirin decarbonization, Huber yana son samun ƙungiyoyin masana'antar wutar lantarki don tallafawa shirin Green New Deal. Koyaya, burbushin man fetur na kona kayayyakin wutar lantarki na kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki shima yana da ayyukan da ke da alaƙa da shi. Don haka IBEW na gida a LADWP yana yaƙi da rufe masana'antar zafi mai ƙarfi uku. Huber yana sane da yanayin ra'ayin mazan jiya da tsarin mulki na ƙungiyoyi kamar IBEW. Ya ba da shawarar "dabarun matsayi-da-fayil" wanda ke mayar da hankali kan gina wani yanki mai fafutuka don canza yanayin ƙungiyoyi a cikin masana'antar wutar lantarki. Tunda fadada rawar da wutar lantarki ke takawa a harkar sufuri, dumama da dafa abinci da dai sauransu na daga cikin shirin rage kuzari, wannan shirin yana cikin moriyar ma'aikatan masana'antar wutar lantarki.
Duk da haka, dabarar Huber ta fi mayar da hankali kan siyasar zaɓe - "Haɗa haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata" don ɗaukar ikon gwamnati. Yarda da Christian Parenti, Huber ya ba da shawarar cewa "kaɗan cibiyoyi ban da jihar suna da iko don cimma irin sauyi akan ma'aunin lokacin da ake bukata." Jiha ce kawai ke da ikon tilastawa rufe masana'antar mai. Kuma jihohin tarayya suna da ikon yin kasafin kudi don shiga cikin "mai girma zuba jari na jama'a shirin” don aiwatar da canjin makamashi. Ana kallon shirin Huber's Green New Deal a matsayin gyara mai tsauri cikin jari-hujja. Hakan ya faru ne saboda yana ganin "batsa" ne a yi tsammanin sauyi ga tsarin zamantakewa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokacin da ake buƙata don magance ɗumamar yanayi. Ko da yake Huber yayi magana game da mahimmancin yajin aiki da rushewa a matsayin hanyar gina ikon masu aiki, dabarunsa na ainihi na zabe ne. Ana ganin ikon ajin aiki da aka gina ta hanyar ƙungiyoyi da yajin aiki a matsayin ginshiƙi na masu aiki za ~ e, iko. A nasa ra'ayin, ana buƙatar ƙungiyoyi masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata don tabbatar da cewa 'yan siyasa sun aiwatar da irin sauye-sauye na sabuwar yarjejeniyar Green New Deal.
Saboda muna buƙatar motsi wanda zai iya turawa ta hanyar ajandar lalatawa a nan gaba, Huber yana tunanin muna buƙatar mai da hankali kan haɓaka farfaɗowar ƙungiyar ma'aikata tare da shirin muhalli. bangare daya. Don haka ya mai da hankali kan "dabarun matsayi-da-fayil" a cikin ƙungiyoyin masana'antar wutar lantarki. Amma hujjarsa bata ce. Na farko, ba mai yiyuwa ba ne farfaɗowar haɗin kai na gwagwarmayar aji da ayyukan tsageru a cikin masana'antu guda ɗaya zai haifar da ingantaccen ƙarfin zamantakewa don turawa ta hanyar sake fasalin irin nau'in Huber yake magana akai. A cikin 1930s jihar jindadin Amurka ta rowa ta kasance sanadin babban tashe-tashen hankula masu ma'aikata da yawa. Tsakanin 1933 da 1937 akwai dubban yajin aiki a kowace shekara, dubban daruruwan ma'aikata sun gina sababbin ƙungiyoyin masana'antu daga karce, dubunnan wuraren aiki sun faru, kuma a cikin 1934 manyan yajin aikin yanki guda biyu sun kawo aikin mafi girman ikon zamantakewa na tartsatsi a aji- fadi da hadin kai. Wannan tashin hankalin ya tilasta Sabuwar Yarjejeniyar ta "matsa hagu." Tawayen ma'aikata ya bazu ko'ina cikin sassa daban-daban na masana'antu, jigilar motoci, masana'antu masu hako, da sassan dillalai. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi masu daraja da fayil sun haɓaka a sassa daban-daban Lokaci guda. Don haka ba a bayyana dalilin da ya sa bukatar canjin yanayi na nan gaba ya kamata ya bukaci motsi iyakance ga bangare guda ba. Akasin haka, motsi mai fa'ida zai zama dole don gina isassun ikon ajin aiki.
Yawancin masu ba da shawarar Green New Deal sun haɗa da abin da ake kira "Just Transition." Wannan shi ne ra'ayin cewa bai kamata ma'aikatan da ke cikin waɗannan masana'antu su biya kuɗin da ake kashewa daga gurɓataccen masana'antu ba. Maimakon haka, ma'aikatan da suka rasa matsugunin su za su sami garantin kula da samun kuɗin shiga, sake horarwa, da kuma kashe kuɗin motsi yayin lokacin canji. Idan an rufe fracking, ko kuma an rage matatun mai ko kuma aka rufe ma'adinan ma'adinan, kwatankwacin samun kudin shiga ko ayyukan yi ga ma'aikatan ya kamata a ba da garantin. Idan za a sami canji zuwa ayyukan makamashi na "kore", muna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa akwai haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyi a cikin waɗannan ayyuka, kuma mu guje wa wannan zama kawai wani sabon ɓangaren ƙananan albashi inda 'yan jari-hujja za su iya cin gajiyar taken "kore" .
Amma Huber ya ki amincewa da bukatar Canjin Adalci. A cikin tattaunawarsa game da manufar "adalci", ya koma tattaunawa game da motsi na "adalci na muhalli" na al'umma. Ya ce gaba daya wannan yunkuri ya ci tura. Kuma ya danganta hakan da rashin dabarar mulki a cikin ƙungiyoyin “tsakanin adalci”. A matsayin hujja akan Canjin Adalci, wannan ɓatacciya ce. A hakikanin gaskiya ginshikin Juyin Adalci shine hadin kan aji. Ƙin wannan buƙatar zai ƙara rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin ma'aikata game da manufofin muhalli, saboda fargabar asarar ayyukan yi. A gefe guda kuma, babban abin da ke tattare da gina ƙungiyoyi masu fa'ida shi ne haɓaka haɗin kai tsakanin bangarori daban-daban ko tsakanin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na masu aiki. A cikin 1930s an nuna wannan nau'i na ikon ma'aikata a cikin yajin aiki na gabaɗaya da tara marasa aikin yi don ƙarfafa layukan zaɓe. Amma Huber yayi watsi da haɗin kai azaman girman ƙarfin aji. Rashin lahani ga ikon shugaban ƙasa a cikin tsarin zalunci da cin zarafi yana nufin cewa ma'aikacin jin daɗin adalci sau da yawa wani dalili ne na yajin aiki da haɗin kai. Don haka adalci muhimmin bangare ne wajen gina karfin ikon masu aiki.
Ƙididdiga ta tsakiya ko Eco-syndicalism?
A cikin tsarin Marxism na Huber's Kautskyan ci gaban jari-hujja na fasaha da jiha ana ɗaukan su ba su da tsaka-tsaki. Shi ya sa yake ganin jam’iyyar masu aiki ko kuma gamayyar kasa za ta iya amfani da ikon gwamnati kawai don aiwatar da muradun masu aiki. A zahirin gaskiya jihar ba ta da tsaka-tsaki amma tana da danniya da aka gina a cikin tsarinta. Misali, ma’aikatan gwamnati suna karkashin ma’aikatun gudanarwa kamar yadda ma’aikata ke cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Ayyukan yau da kullun na cibiyoyi na jihohi suna karkashin kulawar jami'an kula da ofisoshi - manajojin jihohi, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru, masu gabatar da ƙara da alkalai, sojoji da tagulla na 'yan sanda. Wannan ƙari ne ga “ƙwararrun wakilai”—’yan siyasa— waɗanda galibi ana zana su daga ko dai azuzuwan kasuwanci ko na hukuma, wato azuzuwan da masu aiki ke ƙarƙashinsu. Tsare-tsare na tsakiya na ƙididdiga ba zai iya shawo kan ko dai amfani ko canjin farashi na jari hujja ba, wanda ke tsakiyar rikicin muhalli. Daban-daban nau'ikan gurɓatawa da lalacewar muhalli za su ci gaba ko da an aiwatar da wani nau'i na Green New Deal a cikin tsarin jari-hujja.
A haƙiƙa zamantakewa na buƙatar duka ma'aikata gama gari sarrafa tsarin aiki - ayyukan yau da kullun na masana'antu - da kuma kai tsaye, lissafin dimokiradiyya na zamantakewa. Duk waɗannan abubuwa biyu ba su nan a cikin al'amuran kamfanoni masu amfani. Manyan kamfanoni kamar Walmart ko General Motors ko kamfanoni masu amfani suna da tsarin karkatacce, sarrafawa na sama wanda zai iya tsara ayyukansu a gaba don biyan bukatun mabukaci. Har ila yau, manyan ofisoshin gudanarwa na kamfanoni sun kasance don kula da ma'aikata - kamar yadda aikin ya tsananta a cikin shekaru arba'in da suka gabata - da kuma kiyaye dukkanin ayyukan da aka danganta da burin samun riba na masu shi.
Huber yana son fifita cibiyar samar da wutar lantarki a manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki maimakon rarraba hasken rana da tsarin iska. Ya rikitar da daidaitawar samarwa tare da haɗin gwiwar samarwa. Babu wani dalili da babbar ƙungiyar wutar lantarki ba za ta iya ɗaukar shirin kafa na'urori masu amfani da hasken rana a saman rufin gidaje da wuraren ajiye motoci ba - wanda aka haɗa a cikin babban yanki na birane. Tsare-tsare na sama-sama - ko kamfani ne ko jiha - shima bai dace da sarrafa ma'aikata ba, kamar yadda ya bayyana a Tarayyar Soviet.
Eco-synicalism yana ba da madadin hanya. Wannan ya dogara ne akan sanin cewa ma'aikata suna da ƙarfin juriya ga yanke shawara na masu daukar ma'aikata waɗanda ke gurɓata ko ba da gudummawa ga dumama duniya. Misalin juriya na aji masu aiki ga gurɓacewar muhalli sune daban-daban "hannai kore" da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ma'aikata ta Australiya ta kafa a shekarun 70s - kamar haramcin sufuri ko sarrafa uranium. Misali a cikin 80s shine aikin shirya Judi Bari - memba na IWW da Duniya na Farko!. Aiki a cikin gandun daji na arewa maso yammacin California, ta yi ƙoƙarin haɓaka haɗin gwiwar ma'aikata a masana'antar kayan itace (da ƙungiyoyin su) tare da masu kare muhalli waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin kare dazuzzukan dazuzzuka masu girma daga sarauniya. Ana iya yin gardama cewa dazuzzuka mai ɗorewa maimakon yanke saran yana cikin moriyar ma'aikata. Hakazalika ana iya yin gardama kan cewa shirin kawar da iskar gas a cikin al'umma yana da amfani ga ma'aikatan masana'antar wutar lantarki kamar yadda zai haɓaka bukatar wutar lantarki. Ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa masu ƙarfi masu aiki da aka tsara ba tare da 'yan siyasa ba da kuma gina ayyuka masu tayar da hankali na iya zama babban karfi don matsawa ga canje-canjen manufofin da ke kawar da mu daga tsarin jari-hujja mai man fetur.
Dabarun syndicalist sun ba da shawarar haɓaka ƙungiyoyin da ma'aikata ke sarrafa kansu, gina juriya mai ƙarfi a kowace rana a cikin wuraren aiki, gina gwagwarmayar gwagwarmayar aji, da kawo ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata da ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa tare a cikin ma'auni mai yawa - don gina ƙawance. wanda ke da ikon canza al'umma zuwa tsarin zamantakewar zamantakewar al'umma mai sarrafa kansa. Huber ya yarda da gina ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙƙwal da haɓaka matakan yajin aiki. Waɗannan su ne nau'ikan ayyukan kai na ajin ma'aikata waɗanda za su iya ƙarfafa tsarin samuwar aji. Samar da aji shine tsari mai tsawo ko žasa wanda ajin ma'aikata ke shawo kan kisa da rarrabuwar kawuna (kamar yadda ya shafi jinsi ko jinsi), samun ilimi game da tsarin, da kuma gina kwarin gwiwa, iyawar kungiya da tsammãni domin sauyin zamantakewa. Wannan ita ce tsari ta hanyar da rukunin ma'aikata ke "sikewa da kansu" zuwa wani karfi wanda zai iya kalubalanci azuzuwan masu rinjaye don sarrafa al'umma.
Dabarar gina gwagwarmayar aji, yajin aikin ma'aikata, da faffadar haɗin kai tsakanin ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa shine dabarun da ake buƙata don gina ikon aji na ma'aikata don turawa ta hanyar ingantaccen gyara na Green New Deal iri-iri, amma shine. har ila yau, dabarun da ake buƙata don ginawa don sauye-sauye zuwa tsarin zamantakewar al'umma mai sarrafa kansa. Ma'anar syndicalist na tsarin gurguzu mai sarrafa kansa yana ba da tushe mai ma'ana don magance rikicin muhalli saboda tsarin tarayya, rarraba tsarin tsarin dimokuradiyya yana sanya iko a cikin al'ummomin gida da ma'aikata a cikin masana'antu, don haka suna da iko don hana yanke shawara mai lalata muhalli.
Canji zuwa yanayin zamantakewar zamantakewar ma'aikata yana da mahimmanci don canza yanayin fasahar da ake amfani da ita wajen samar da zamantakewa. Wannan zai ba ma'aikata damar:
- Samun iko akan ci gaban fasaha,
- Sake tsara ayyuka da ilimi don kawar da tsarin mulki na iko a hannun manajoji da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ma'aikata, haɓaka ƙwarewar ma'aikata, da yin aiki don haɗawa da yanke shawara da ra'ayi tare da yin aikin jiki,
- Rage makon aiki kuma raba nauyin aiki tsakanin duk wanda zai iya aiki, kuma
- Ƙirƙirar sabon dabaru na ci gaba don fasaha mai dacewa da ma'aikata da muhalli.
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
Bada Tallafi