[Taimakawa ga Reimagining Society Project ZCommunications ne ya shirya shi]
A cikin wannan amsa ina so in bayyana wani yanki na anarchism na Arewacin Amurka wanda Cindy Milstein ba ta tattauna ba a cikin ingantaccen rubutunta.
Kamar yadda Cindy Milstein ya nuna, anarchists sun shiga cikin ayyukan zanga-zangar da yawa, irin su zanga-zangar daban-daban a tarurrukan inganta haɗin gwiwar kamfanoni daga 1999 "Battle of Seattle" a kan, ko Ayyukan Kai tsaye don Dakatar da zanga-zangar War a San Francisco a 2002 Masu fafutuka da suka riga sun zama masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun haɗu a cikin irin waɗannan ayyukan. Tabbas kungiyoyi daban-daban na yin gangami don shiga wasu daga cikin wadannan zanga-zangar, tun daga kungiyoyin kare muhalli har zuwa kungiyoyin da suka yi gangamin taron kungiyar ciniki ta duniya a shekarar 1999. To amma mene ne alakar ‘yan mulkin kama karya da sauran kungiyoyin al’umma da kungiyoyin jama’a?
Anarchists wani sashe ne na manyan masu fafutuka da aka riga aka yi musu tsatsauran ra'ayi. Amma wannan sirara ce a cikin al'ummar Amurka. Me game da mafi yawan al’ummar da suka zama waɗanda ake zalunta da zalunci a cikin al’umma?
Taken "'yantar da ma'aikata dole ne ya zama aikin ma'aikata da kansu" Marx ya haɗa shi a cikin ka'idodin "First International" a cikin 1860s-70s da anarcho-syndicalists da sauran masu zaman kansu na zamantakewar al'umma sun kasance da karfi da goyon bayan wannan ka'ida. . Amma mene ne alakar da ke tsakanin anarchism da ‘yan mulkin mallaka, a daya bangaren, da kuma talakawan da ya kamata su kasance, a cikin tunanin Hagu na ‘yanci, hukumar sauyin al’umma?
Cindy Milstein ya rubuta:
"Anarchism ya yi ƙoƙari sosai don murƙushe manufofin Hagu na duniya da kuma fahimtarsa mai zurfi game da 'yanci tare da manufa ta musamman na sababbin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa a yankunan kamar jinsi, jima'i, kabilanci, da iyawa."
Wannan taƙaitaccen bayani ne mai ma'ana na yawancin tattaunawa da tunani a tsakanin 'yan mulkin kama karya, amma bai cika amsa tambayata ba game da alakar da ke tsakanin rashin zaman lafiya da yawan jama'a da kuma yuwuwarsu na 'yantar da kansu.
A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata da yawa masu adawa da mulkin sun ci gaba da sukar rashi daban-daban a cikin mulkin kama-karya na Amurka, irin su kyamar kungiyoyi, rarrabuwar kawuna, "zalunci na rashin tsari" da wuce gona da iri kan "ayyuka" ba tare da danganta wannan ga ci gaba da shirya taron jama'a a wuraren aiki ba. al'ummai. Wasu daga cikin tasirin da ake yi akan anarchism da Cindy Milstein ya ambata…kamar 'yancin cin gashin kai na Turai, Halin da ake ciki da kuma ƙirar ƙaramin “ƙungiyar alaƙa”… sun ba da gudummawa ga waɗannan raunin. Wasu 'yan adawa sun yi imanin cewa kowace irin hukuma ko babbar kungiya "ba makawa ce mai iko."
Wasu daga cikin 'yan adawa da suka shiga cikin "zagin zanga-zangar" sun kasance, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sun fi sha'awar wuraren aiki da tsarin al'umma, gina dogon lokaci a cikin al'ummomin masu aiki, da gina tushen zamantakewa don ra'ayoyin Hagu na 'yanci. .
A bara kimanin masu fafutuka dari (daga Amurka da Kanada) sun halarci taron anarchist na gwagwarmayar gwagwarmaya a birnin New York. Don tabbatar da ingantaccen ƙwarewa da abokantaka, taron gayyata ne kawai. Akwai bangarori akan "Anarchists a wurin aiki," "Anarchism da Feminism," "Anarchists in Communities of Colors," "Anarchists in Anti-fascist/Anti-racist Movements", da dai sauransu. A cewar rahoton a fitowa ta 14 na Arewa maso gabas Anarchist:
"Wani abokin aikinsa ya ce 'Tattaunawar ta wuce duk bambance-bambancen yanki, kuma an jaddada haɗin kai.' 'Masu gabatarwa ba su ji tsoron koyo daga gazawa ba, kuma akwai rashin matsayi.' Wani ya ce: 'Akwai babban abin da ake mayar da hankali a kai,' in ji wani."…A kan bangarorin da kansu, wani mutum ya ce 'bangaren kan batun mata da kuma al'ummomin launi sun kasance na kowa da kowa, ba kawai ga masu sha'awar batutuwa ba.' Wani abokin aikin ya ce 'babban tarurrukan sun fi mayar da hankali ne kan kwarewa, ba bisa ka'ida ba, amma su biyun… an hade su a lokuta da yawa'."
Tun daga wannan lokacin an fitar da taswirar tattaunawa tsakanin ƙungiyoyi biyu kuma an shirya wani taron masu fafutukar fafutikar fafutuka a cikin wannan shekara. Manufar wannan tsari shine don ganin wane matakin yarjejeniya da muke da shi, raba gogewa, da haɓaka ingantaccen tsari da haɗin kai.
Wannan tsari ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin yanki guda uku (a kan Tekun Atlantika da Pasifik), ƙungiyoyin gida biyar (a cikin Babban Tafkuna), da ƙungiyar fa'ida ta Nahiyar. Zan yi kiyasin cewa waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da masu fafutuka tsakanin ɗari uku zuwa ɗari huɗu…fiye da mutane masu shekaru 20 zuwa 30. Ba na so in ambaci sunayen kungiyoyin ba tare da izininsu ba, amma zan iya cewa Arewa maso Gabas Federation of Anarchist Communists, Workers Solidarity Alliance da Solidarity & Defence sun taka rawa wajen farawa da tsara wannan tsari.
Sai dai kungiyar ta ma'aikata (Workers Solidarity Alliance), wacce aka kafa shekaru 25 da suka gabata, an kafa dukkan kungiyoyin ne a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Masu fafutuka a cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna da hannu wajen shirya wariyar launin fata, goyon bayan haƙƙin baƙi, don 'yancin haifuwa, tsara ɗan haya, tsara wurin aiki da goyan bayan gwagwarmayar ma'aikata, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ilimantarwa, da yada ra'ayoyin anarchist, da sauran abubuwa.
A cikin abin da ke tafe ina ba da tawili na kan wannan sashe na anarchism.
"Anarchism with a class gwagwarmaya hangen zaman gaba" ba yana nufin "raguwar aji ba" amma cewa ya saba da Bookchin da sauran waɗanda suka kasa ganin ci gaba da gaskiya da mahimmancin tsarin tsarin aji wanda ke cikin zuciyar jari-hujja da gwagwarmayar cewa girma daga wannan. Don canza al'umma, bai isa a yi kira ga "yan Adam" ko "'yan ƙasa" gaba ɗaya ba, kamar yadda Bookchin ya gabatar. Ajin jari-hujja da kuma masu gudanarwa suma wani bangare ne na bil'adama amma sun dage wajen kiyaye karfinsu da gata. Hakazalika, rarrabuwar kan al'umma ta hanyoyi daban-daban na zalunci yana haifar da yunkuri da gwagwarmayar adawa.
A cikin shekaru bayan yakin duniya na 2, ganin yadda ake samun karuwar hadin kai da gudanar da ayyukan hadin gwiwa a kasashen masana'antu, Bookchin ya dauki ra'ayin cewa, ko ta yaya, wani canji na zamani wanda gwagwarmaya a wuraren aiki ba ya da alaka da karfafawa jama'a da kuma gwagwarmayar neman aiki. canjin zamantakewa. Sauran ’yan adawa a wancan zamanin, irin su Paul Goodman da Colin Ward, sun bi irin wannan tafarki. A lokacin yakin cacar baka, maganar "gwagwarmayar fada" kuma tana da alaƙa da Kwaminisanci.
A cikin zuciyarsa, duk da haka, tsarin jari-hujja wani tsari ne na cin gajiyar mutanen da ke ƙarƙashin aikin, kuma tsayin daka ko ja da baya yana faruwa saboda wannan ... wani lokaci a kan ƙananan ma'auni, wani lokacin kuma yana tasowa a cikin manyan al'amuran zamantakewa kamar su. yajin aikin gama-gari. Daga qarshe babu wani canji na 'yanci ga tsarin jari-hujja sai dai idan ma'aikata za su iya samun iko a kan ayyukan da suke da su na fa'ida. Idan muka ɗauki ƙa’idar da gaske cewa “’yantar da ma’aikata aikinsu ne na ma’aikata,” da wuya a ga yadda wannan sakamako na ‘yantar da jama’a zai faru ba tare da wani motsi da ma’aikata suka yi da kansu ba.
Wannan ya ce, aji ba kawai game da gwagwarmaya a wuraren aiki tsakanin ma'aikata da shugabanni ba. Ƙarfin masu rinjaye ya bazu a cikin al'umma, a cikin ikonsu a kan gwamnati da kuma kafofin watsa labarai. Gwagwarmayar aji tana faruwa ne a wurin cin abinci, tsakanin masu haya da masu wucewar jama'a misali. Gwagwarmayar adalci ta muhalli kan gurbatar yanayi a cikin al'ummomi masu launi ko ma'aikata kuma gwagwarmaya ce ta aji.
Ajin aiki yana da ban sha'awa sosai. Ma’aikata mata ne, ’yan Afirka-Amurka, ’yan luwaɗi da madigo, ƙwararru da ƙwararru, da sauransu.
Yawancin 'yan mulkin kama karya wadanda ke aiki tare da hangen nesa na gwagwarmayar aji a kwanakin nan suna aiki tare da nazarin "intersection" na zalunci. Tsarin wariyar launin fata da rashin daidaiton jinsi na tsari (babban sarki) ko ɗorawa / transphobia suna da nasu tushen ko da yake suma suna amfani da jari-hujja, don raunana masu aiki. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a yi yaƙi da su duka. Suna cuɗanya a cikin rayuwar ainihin ma'aikata. Wata Ba’amurke Ba’amurke da ke aiki a matsayin ma’aikacin gidan waya a gidan waya tana bin tsarin jinsi, launin fata da aji, amma tana rayuwarta gabaɗaya… waɗannan zaluncin ba sa cikin duniyoyi daban-daban.
Ta yaya wannan yawan jama'a da yawa ke samun ikon canza al'umma? A nan yana da amfani a yi la'akari da tsarin da Markisanci suke kira "class formation."
"Samun tsarin aji" shine tsari mai tsawo ko žasa wanda ma'aikata ke tasowa daga ƙungiyar da aka zalunta da gangan ... aji "cikin kanta" ... zuwa rukuni mai hankali da iyawa don 'yantar da kanta ... aji "don kanta," in Kalaman Marx. An siffata mutane ne ta hanyar alakar iko da tsarin zalunci da suke fuskanta a cikin al'ummar yanzu. Ma'aikata suna cikin matsayi mara ƙarfi kuma, idan an ware su, ƙila ba su da ma'anar samun ikon canza abubuwa. Dangantakar zamantakewa na samarwa na iya haifar da rashin fahimtar juna… biyu bacin rai da kuma tafiya tare ko nuna rashin amincewa, ko ma yarda da ra'ayin cewa shugabanni dole ne su kasance mutanen da suka dace don yanke shawara saboda suna da ƙarin ilimi. Irin wannan dangantakar zamantakewa a cikin tsarin aiki kuma suna ƙarfafa manajoji da ƙwararru da masu mallakar su sami kumbura na haƙƙinsu na yanke shawara.
Yawancin ajin ma'aikata ana tilasta musu su shiga ayyukan da ba su da aiki inda suke da 'yan damammaki don bunkasa kansu, iliminsu ko fahimtar girman kai. Mutanen da ke aiki kuma ba su da damar samun albarkatu don taimaka musu su haɓaka iliminsu, kamar ilimin kwaleji ko mafi kyawun makarantu.
Akwai tasirin wannan da ya kamata mu yi la'akari. Na farko, wannan yana haifar da rashin aiki da rashin aiki, idan mutum bai ga gwagwarmayar gama-gari a matsayin hanyar inganta yanayinsu ba. Kuma, na biyu, shi ma yana haifar da rashin daidaituwa a cikin ƙwarewa da ilimin da zai iya tasiri yadda ake tafiyar da ƙungiyoyi ko ƙungiyoyi. Jinsi da kabilanci / zalunci na kasa suma suna haifar da wannan rashin daidaito.
Wannan kuma yana gaya mana dalilin da ya sa ba zai yuwu a sami sauyi na zamantakewa ba "kwatsam"… Kamar yadda Marx ya nuna, ta hanyar gwagwarmayar jama'a da gina ƙungiyoyin nasu ne ma'aikata ... waɗanda aka zalunta da cin zarafi a gaba ɗaya ... suna haɓaka kansu ... iliminsu da damar su don "sarrafawa" na kansu yadda ya kamata da kuma haifar da motsin su. sharuddan 'yancinsu na zamantakewa. Saboda aikin gama kai na iya zama tushen ƙarfi…kamar lokacin da ma'aikata ke rufe wurin aiki, yana ƙarfafa imani ga ikon mahalarta don yin canji.
Ƙaddamar da haɗin kai na ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa waɗanda ke tasowa a cikin adawa da nau'o'in zalunci daban-daban da ma'aikata masu aiki ke aiki shine muhimmin ɓangare na wannan tsari. Na yi imani wannan yana ɗaukar cewa mutane daga wurare daban-daban da yanayi da ƙungiyoyi suna da damar haɗuwa don bincika abubuwan da ke damun su da samun fahimtar juna.
Don samun ikon canza al'umma, ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na zamantakewa da ɓangarorin gwagwarmaya dole ne su haɗu, don samar da haɗin kai ta hanyar kawance. Don zama ingantacciyar ƙawance, dole ne ta ɗauki hankali da haɗa abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban.
A cikin rubutuna a cikin tattaunawar Reimagining Society na kira wannan a matsayin haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyin aiki / zamantakewa. Wato ƙungiyoyin jama'a waɗanda ma'aikata suka ƙirƙira a cikin gwagwarmaya tare da ma'aikata suna haɓaka ƙawance tare da sauran ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa waɗanda ke fitowa a cikin gwagwarmaya da nau'ikan zalunci daban-daban a cikin al'umma. A cikin ƙalubalen ƙalubale ga masu rinjaye, ana iya bayyana wannan ƙawance ta irin tsarin yanke shawara wanda Ezekiel Adamovsky ya kira "taron ƙungiyoyin jama'a."
Don haka ina ganin anarchists waɗanda ke jaddada tsari da hangen nesa na gwagwarmaya suna ganin gwagwarmayar jama'a da tsari na jama'a a matsayin tsarin canza al'umma… domin ta hanyar shigar da ɗimbin yawa na talakawa ne, ginawa da sarrafa nasu ƙungiyoyi, suke haɓaka ƙungiyoyin su. iyawa da buri na canza al'umma.
A mahangar “tsarin mulkin kama karya tare da mahangar gwagwarmayar aji,” ana bukatar kungiyoyi iri biyu: (1) nau’o’in kungiyar jama’a ta yadda talakawa za su bunkasa da bunkasa karfinsu, da (2) kungiyoyin siyasa na ’Yan tsirarun ‘yan gurguzu ko ’yanci, don samun ingantacciyar hanya don daidaita ayyukanmu, samun tasiri a cikin al’ummomin aji masu aiki, da yada ra’ayoyinmu. A zamanin Yaƙin Duniya na 1 ƴan tawayen Italiya sun ƙirƙiro kalmar "ƙungiya biyu" don wannan hangen nesa.
Ba dole ba ne ƙungiya ta zama babba don zama "ƙungiyar jama'a" kamar yadda nake amfani da wannan kalmar. Idan masu haya 30 a cikin gini suka taru suka yi taro suka kafa ƙungiyar masu haya, wannan “ƙungiyar jama’a ce”. An haɗa ƙungiyar jama'a don yin faɗa a wasu yankuna kuma mutane suna shiga saboda suna goyon bayan manufofin… kamar samun ƙungiyar a wurin aiki don adawa da gudanarwa ko ƙungiya a kwaleji don yaƙi da hauhawar karatun. Kasancewa cikin kungiyar siyasa, a daya bangaren, yana dogara ne akan yarjejeniya da wata akida ko mahanga ta siyasa.
Ƙungiya ta siyasa tana da sha'awar don dalilai daban-daban. Don tara albarkatu don ayyukan, don ba wa juna ra'ayi da goyan baya, don cimma babban hangen nesa na jama'a don rashin zaman lafiya, don daidaita tsari. Muna koyo daga ƙoƙarin aiwatar da ra'ayoyinmu a aikace, ƙungiyoyin siyasa suna ba masu fafutuka damar tattauna darussan gogewa mai amfani da haɓaka ra'ayoyinsu.
Tabbas, babban misali na tarihi na "anarchism na ƙungiyoyi biyu tare da hangen nesa na gwagwarmaya" ya kasance a cikin juyin juya halin Mutanen Espanya a cikin 30s. An kafa Ƙungiyar Anarchist ta Iberian (FAI) a matsayin ƙungiya mai sassaucin ra'ayi na kungiyoyi masu aiki a cikin Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Ƙasa (CNT). An kafa ta ne tun asali don mafi kyawun daidaita martani ga ƙoƙarin ƙungiyar Leninist (wanda ya gabace POUM) don samun iko da ƙungiyoyin CNT, da adawa da ɗabi'un bureaucratic a cikin tarayyar CNT. Anarchism na Spain na wancan lokacin ya kasance "dual" ta hanyoyi uku:
Na farko, akwai bambanci tsakanin ƙungiyar siyasa (FAI) da ƙungiyoyin jama'a - duka cibiyoyin unguwanni da ƙungiyoyin CNT. Na biyu, ban da FAI akwai wata ƙungiyar siyasa ta anarchist - Mujeres Libres. Wannan kungiya ce ta sadaukar da kanta wajen shirya mata talakawa manoma da masu aiki a birni. Masu fafutuka a cikin wannan kungiya sun kasance anarcho-syndicalists amma suna kallon 'yancin mata da 'yanci a matsayin banbanci, daidai da mahimmanci, bangarori na 'yanci na zamantakewa.
Kuma, na uku, ana kallon gwagwarmayar aji a matsayin abin da ke faruwa ba kawai a wuraren aiki ba har ma a cikin al'umma. A tsakiyar 'yan shekarun 20s masu fafutuka na anarcho-syndicalist sun fara damuwa game da yin dambe ta hanyar ciniki tare da ma'aikata. Masanin ilimin ɗabi'a na Catalan Joan Peiro ya ba da shawarar gina ƙungiyoyin unguwanni da haɓaka tattaunawa mai zurfi kan batutuwa masu mahimmanci ga ma'aikata a wajen aiki. Wannan tsari daga ƙarshe ya haifar da gagarumin yajin aikin haya a Barcelona a 1931, wanda ya haifar da sabbin sassa na jama'a…misali, mata sun taka rawa a yajin aikin hayar.
Saboda wannan gogewar da gwagwarmayar al'umma ne ƙungiyar anarcho-syndicalist a Spain ta gyara "hangen nesa" a taronta a watan Mayu 1936, ta ƙara majalissar unguwanni da majalissar mazauna zama daidai gwargwado na ginin mulki a cikin al'ummar gurguzu mai sassaucin ra'ayi tare. tare da majalisun wuraren aiki da majalisun ma'aikata. Bookchin kuma ya zana a kan wannan ra'ayi na "ƙungiyar 'yanci" mai tushe a cikin majalisai.
Amma wannan bai bambanta da gwagwarmayar aji ba. Mafi yawa daga cikin ainihin "yankin gundumomi" da aka kafa a juyin juya halin 1936 sun kasance a kauyuka da garuruwan Aragon. Amma gamayyar kungiyoyin karkara na CNT ne suka dauki matakin hambarar da tsoffin majalisu na kananan hukumomi, suka kira taron jama'a, suka zabi sabon kwamitin juyin juya hali, da tattara filaye. An ba da umarnin tara filayen ne musamman a kan ajin kulak na Sipaniya…masu wadata manoma waɗanda ke aikin gonaki. Manufar duka ƙungiyoyin gurguzu da na mulkin kama karya a Spain shine lalata bautar albashi a ƙauye. Wannan ne ya sa kungiyoyin kwadagon karkara suka dage cewa babu wani manomi da zai iya mallakar fili fiye da yadda zai yi noma ta hanyar sana’arsa.
A lokacin juyin juya halin Mutanen Espanya a cikin 1936 FAI ta ƙaura daga ainihin "samfurin rukuni" wanda Bookchin ya ba da shawarar. Don samun ƙungiyar da ta fi dacewa don magance karuwar tasirin Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci, FAI ta koma manyan surori na yanki. Bayan wannan canjin FAI ta girma zuwa mambobi 140,000.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan da yawa daga cikin 'yan anarchists masu aiki na ƙungiyoyi biyu a cikin Amurka sun ƙaura daga tsohuwar tsarin ƙungiyar anarchist da aka kafa a matsayin hanyar haɗi tsakanin ƙungiyoyin da suka rigaya. Ta hanyar gogewa daban-daban tare da irin waɗannan gyare-gyare, tun daga shekarun 70s zuwa ƴan shekarun baya-bayan nan, an gano cewa hakan yana kawo cikas ga matakin haɗin kai na haƙiƙa da aiki da ake buƙata don yin aiki tare yadda ya kamata. Don haka yawancin anarchists na ƙungiyoyi biyu a kwanakin nan suna yin tunani game da ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa bisa tsarin gama gari da zama memba ɗaya, tare da rassa na gida da majalisar wakilai na tarayya.
Anarchism mai gwagwarmayar gwagwarmayar ƙungiyoyi biyu ya ci gaba da samun tushen zamantakewa a wasu ƙasashe bayan Yaƙin Duniya na 2… musamman a Kudancin Amurka. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata har zuwa lokacin da sojoji suka mamaye Uruguay, Tarayyar Anarchist ta Uruguay (FAU) tana da tasiri mai mahimmanci a cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta CNT da kuma motsin gidaje, sannan kuma ta taka rawa a cikin juriya (ciki har da gwagwarmayar makami) ga mulkin kama-karya. . Abubuwan da FAU ta gada a wancan zamani da kuma ra'ayoyin da ta samo asali daga gogewarta har yanzu suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan rashin zaman lafiya na Kudancin Amirka.
Zan ambaci ɗaya daga cikin ra'ayoyin FAU da na yarda da… ra'ayin "shigar zamantakewa." Sun yi imanin cewa ya zama dole ga masu fafutukar mulkin kama karya su jajirce wajen shiga dogon lokaci a kungiyoyi da gwagwarmaya a wuraren aiki da unguwanni. Matsayin ƴan tsiraru masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ba shine ƙoƙarin samun iko sama-sama ta hanyar hukumomi kamar kwamitocin zartarwa ko yin amfani da su don sanya "layi" a ƙungiyar jama'a ba. Maimakon haka, ta hanyar shigarsu na dogon lokaci da alaƙar mutumci da wasu za su iya samun tasiri kuma su zama masu fafutukar sarrafa kansu na ƙungiyoyi da kuma ayyukan gama gari na tsageru. Ci gaban ajin ma'aikata tsari ne na kwayoyin halitta amma masu fafutuka da masu tsara matsayi-da-fayil na iya taka rawa.
Anarchists na kungiyoyi biyu sau da yawa suna cewa aikin ƙungiyar siyasa ta anarchist shine "ci nasara a yakin ra'ayi," wato samun tasiri a cikin ƙungiyoyi da kuma tsakanin yawan jama'a ta hanyar magance ra'ayoyin masu mulki ko masu sassaucin ra'ayi ko masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. Bakunin ya ce rawar da masu fafutukar mulkin kama karya suka yi "shugaban tunani ne."
Amma yada ra'ayoyi ba shine kawai nau'in tasiri ba. Yin aiki tare da wasu masu ra'ayi daban-daban a cikin ƙungiyoyin jama'a da gwagwarmaya, baje kolin sadaukarwa na gaske, da kasancewa mutum mai son kai da goyon baya a cikin wannan mahallin kuma yana gina haɗin kai, kuma yana sa ya zama mai yiwuwa a ɗauki ra'ayin mutum da mahimmanci.
Ta yaya wannan tunanin kungiyar siyasar anarchist ya bambanta da bangaranci?
Don amsa wannan tambayar muna buƙatar fara da wani ra'ayi na menene "vanguard". Ina ganin akwai bangarori biyu na wannan. Dukansu anarchists da Markisanci a baya sun yi magana game da "rashin sani" a cikin yawan masu aiki. Mutane sun bambanta dangane da nisan da suke da shi don canza al'umma misali ko ilimin da suka samu game da yadda tsarin jari-hujja yake aiki, da dai sauransu. Amma kuma akwai wasu mutanen da suke nuna ƙwarewar jagoranci fiye da wasu… iya magana, yarda da kai, halin ɗaukar yunƙuri, iya bayyana ra'ayi ko tattara wasu a bayansu, iya rubutu, ilimin kai game da fannoni daban-daban na al'umma. , sanin yadda ake tsarawa.
An tsara wannan ta abubuwa daban-daban, ciki har da gogewar da ta gabata, shiga cikin ƙungiyoyi, da nau'ikan bambance-bambance a cikin ƙwarewa, amincewa da ilimi waɗanda ke nuna al'ummar da ba ta da daidaito a cikin aji, jinsi, da layin kabilanci / ƙasa.
A takaice dai, wasu mutane sun fi “jam’in dan Adam” wajen yin tasiri a cikin fafutuka da kuma tsari.
Don haka an fahimta, "vanguard" a cikin rukunin ma'aikata ya ƙunshi nau'in mutanen da suke aiki, suna tsarawa, suna da wani tasiri ta hanyar nau'ikan halayen jagoranci da na ambata, ɗaukar matsayi na jagoranci a ƙungiyoyi, masu iya bayyanawa da ƙididdiga. yanayi da yin abubuwa kamar buga takardu da wasiƙun labarai. "Vanguard" a wannan ma'ana ya bambanta sosai a cikin ra'ayoyinsa amma mafi yawan a yanzu bazai zama masu adawa da jari hujja a tunaninsu ba.
Manufar jam'iyyar "vanguard" ita ce ƙungiyar siyasa ta yi ƙoƙari ta jawo hankalin ma'aikatan da ke da irin waɗannan halayen jagoranci da kuma amfani da wannan "jami'ar dan Adam" don cimma matsayi mai girma a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu yawa. Manufar ita ce ta yi amfani da wannan matsayi na rinjaye don samun nasara ga jam'iyyar ta. Kuma a kan hanyar ita ma tana tunani game da samun iko a cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban ko ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyin jama'a. Hakan na nufin toshe karfin jam’iyyar ta hanyoyi daban-daban na tsarin mulki. Wannan iko ne na jagoranci ba kawai tasiri ba.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, ra'ayin shi ne cewa rinjayen matsayi na jam'iyyar zai gudana ne daga ikon mallakarta a kan wani nau'i na ilimin ka'idar - shi ne shayar da ka'idar Markisanci - wanda ya kamata ya ba da jagoranci mai mahimmanci don nasarar yunkurin juyin juya hali.
Idan aka ajiye tambayar kimar ka'idar Marxist-Leninist, tsarin hagu na 'yanci kan wannan tambayar yakamata ya bambanta da manufar "vanguard party" ta hanyoyi biyu.
Na farko, manufar gurguzu ta ‘yanci ita ce, su kansu talakawa su samu madafun iko, ta hanyar dimokuradiyya kai tsaye, ba wai kungiyar shugabanci ta yi haka ta hanyar jam’iyyar da za ta mallaki wata jiha ba. Nuna wannan, makasudin masu fafutuka na Hagu na 'yanci ya kamata su karfafa gwiwar gudanar da ƙungiyoyi ko ƙungiyoyi.
Bayan juyin juya halin Oktoba na 1917 a Rasha, yawancin kungiyoyin kwadago na duniya masu sassaucin ra'ayi… wadanda sannan suke da memba na miliyan 3 zuwa 4… Duk da haka, a ainihin taron kafuwar 'yan rajin sassaucin ra'ayi sun fuskanci jami'an jam'iyyar gurguzu suna nanata cewa ya kamata kungiyoyin kwadago su zama "rikidar watsa" jam'iyyun gurguzu a kasashensu. Wannan ya sa ƙungiyoyin masu sassaucin ra'ayi suka janye. 'Yancin kai na ƙungiyoyin jama'a shi kansa ƙa'idar gurguzu ce ta 'yanci.
Na biyu, bai kamata mu yi wasa da rashin daidaituwar rabon “jarilin dan Adam” wanda wata al’umma mai tsananin rashin adalci da azzalumai ta kera ba. Ko da yake "Dukkanmu Shugabanni ne" watakila ba koyaushe cikakken bayanin abin da yake ba ne, ya kamata ya zama manufa da muke ƙoƙari.
Muna buƙatar hanyoyin yin aiki da ƙaƙƙarfan ikon mallakar fasaha da ilimi da albarkatun ƙungiya a hannun ƴan tsiraru. A tarihi lokacin da wasu masu fafutuka da masu shiryawa suka sami ilimi ta hanyar gogewa a aikace, sau da yawa yakan faru cewa membobin wannan ƙungiyar sun dogara da su. Wannan wani bangare ne na tsarin da ya kai ga ba da aiki ga ƙungiyoyi a Amurka.
Don haka yin aiki don tabbatar da matsayi da tsarin sarrafa kai yana buƙatar samar da shirye-shirye da hanyoyin da za a bi don dimokaradiyyar ilimi, yin shahararriyar ilimi, renon mutane a matsayin masu tsarawa, haɓaka ƙwarewa tun daga rubuce-rubuce zuwa magana ga jama'a har zuwa ƙirƙira ƙwarewar mutum. Misali, makarantun ma'aikata na gida waɗanda ke zana a kan ƙwarewar masu fafutuka da masu tsarawa waɗanda suke koyarwa, ko raba abubuwan da suka samu tare da, azuzuwan.
A cikin 30s a Spain masu fafutuka na Mujeres Libres sun yi magana game da wani tsari na capacitacion – bunkasa damar talakawan mutane. Wannan shi ne abin da suka mayar da hankali a kan shirya mata masu aiki. Sun ƙirƙira azuzuwan karatu, azuzuwan magana, da da'irori don nazarin ka'idar zamantakewa, ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen kula da yara, kuma sun yi aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin anarcho-syndicalist don haɓaka shirye-shiryen koyo ga mata. Wadannan duk wani bangare ne na kokarinsu na bunkasa karfin mata don samun ingantacciyar shiga cikin kungiyoyi da sauran kungiyoyi da kuma kula da rayuwarsu.
Dimokuradiyya kai tsaye ya zama dole amma bai wadatar ba don gudanar da tafiyar da kai mai inganci. Jama'a sun fi samun damar shiga yadda ya kamata yayin da ilimi ya zama dimokuradiyya kuma ana samun ci gaba sosai. Wannan yana siffata ƙarin daidaitaccen rabon albarkatun don haɓaka yuwuwar mutane a cikin al'ummar gurguzu mai 'yanci.
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
Bada Tallafi