Uyakholwa?
Ekuqaleni kwaso sonke isiqephu sochungechunge olude lwe-sci-fi, i-X-Files, ababukeli baboniswa amagama angaqondakali "Ngifuna ukukholwa." Bekufanele siqonde ukuthi omunye wabaphenyi be-FBI embukisweni wayemagange ukunqoba ukungabaza kwakhe, ukukholiswa ukuthi abafokazi, imikhovu nokunye okunjalo kukhona ngempela.
Uma kukhulunywa ngobuntu nozwelo lwabaholi abafana noTony Blair noGeorge Bush, izintatheli ezijwayelekile nazo โzifuna ukukholwaโ.
Ku-Labour Manifesto yango-1997, u-Tony Blair wamemezela: "Sizokwenza ukuvikelwa nokukhuthazwa kwamalungelo abantu kube ingxenye eyinhloko yenqubomgomo yethu yezangaphandle." ('Umsebenzi Omusha Ngoba IBrithani Ifanelwe Kangcono,' http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/area/uk/man/lab97.htm)
Abezindaba bamkholwa. I-Observer ijabule ngokutshela abafundi ukuthi uhulumeni omusha uzophusha kanjani "imithetho emisha yomhlaba wonke yamalungelo abantu" futhi asebenzise "imikhawulo emisha eqinile ekuthengisweni kwezikhali". (Kucashunwe, John Pilger, Hidden Agendas, Vintage, 1998, p.505)
Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, ngenkathi eqhumisa amabhomu eSerbia, uBlair waqinisekisa ukuthi wayelwela "izwe elisha lamazwe ngamazwe" lapho "ukucindezelwa okunonya kwezizwe zonke kungasayikubekezelelwa. Ukuze izwe lapho labo ababhekene nobugebengu obunjalo bengenandawo yokucasha". (I-White House Bulletin, Ephreli 12, 1999)
UJonathan Freedland wavuma ngekhanda ngokudabukisayo ku-Guardian: "umklomelo awuwona umhlabathi noma umcebo kodwa ukukhungatheka kwesu lokuthulula izwe labantu bakhona". "Kwakuyinhloso enhle". (Freedland, 'Ayikho indlela yokuzulazula impi,' The Guardian, April 21, 1999)
Ngesikhathi kuqhunyiswa ibhomu, u-Andrew Marr owayemangele wabhala ngoBlair: "Ngihlale ngihlabeke umxhwele, kodwa futhi ngithuswa kancane, ngokuntula kwakhe ukugxeka." (Marr, 'Hail to the chief. Uxolo, Bill, kodwa kulokhu sikhuluma ngoTony,' The Observer, May 16, 1999)
Ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba 2003, ngemva kwakho konke okwenzeka e-Iraq, uTimothy Garton Ash wazizwa ekwazi ukubhala "ngemizwa eqinile yeGladstonian kaBlair yokungenelela kosizo". (Garton Ash, 'ibhuloho likaBlair,' The Guardian, Septhemba 4, 2003)
Ngasekuqaleni kwale nyanga, i-Guardian iphinde yabika ukuthi uBlair uhlela izenzo ezinhle. Ikakhulukazi, iLabour ihlele ukubuyisela abavoti ababengaphazanyiswa yimpi yase-Iraq ngesibambiso se-manifesto esihlanganisa "isivumelwano sokulawula ukuhweba ngezikhali". ('Isicelo sabasebenzi kubavoti abamelene nezimpi - Izithembiso zosizo ezihloselwe ukungathinteki,' uLarry Elliott noMichael White, iThe Guardian, Ephreli 12, 2005)
Kuyathakazelisa ukuhlola inkulumo-nkulumo ngokumelene nezinye izehlakalo zakamuva.
Ukuthuthukisa Iwashi Losuku Lwembubhiso
NgoMashi, abezindaba babika ukuthi i-United States ivumile ukudayisela iPakistan izikhali zenuzi ezine-F-16, okungamandla enyukliya. USenator wase-US uLarry Pressler ubeke amazwana ku-New York Times:
"IPakistanโฆ inobushiqela okhohlakele, obuphelele. Inomlando omubi ngamalungelo abantu nokubekezelelana ngokwenkolo." (Pressler, 'Dissing democracy in Asia,' The New York Times, March 21, 2005)
U-Pressler uphakamise ukuthi i-US kufanele isekele imbangi yesifunda yasePakistan, i-India. Ngempela, iWashington iqinisekise i-India ukuthi inesibusiso sabaphathi ukuthenga ama-F-16 noma ama-F-18. I-India icubungula ukuthenga izigidigidi zamadola ezindiza zempi, okuhlanganisa ezakhiwe e-US noma ezakhiwe kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa noma kunjalo i-India isivele ithola ukwesekwa okuningi kwenye indawo.
NgoSepthemba 2003, i-BAE Systems yaseBrithani yamemezela ukudayiswa kwamajethi oKlebe angama-66 eNdiya ngephakethe le-ยฃ1 billion. Lokhu kwakha izikhathi ezingu-10 inani losizo lokuthuthukiswa kwe-UK oluya eNdiya.
OKlebe babezosetshenziselwa ukuqeqesha abashayeli bezindiza baseNdiya ukuthi bandize izindiza ezinamandla kakhudlwana, okuhlanganisa namabhomu e-BAE Jaguar angu-126 akhiwa ngaphansi kwelayisensi. UMnyango Wezokuvikela uyakwamukela ukuthi ama-Jaguars ayakwazi ukusebenzisa i-nuclear. I-India, yiqiniso, inamandla enuzi.
OKlebe bangaphezu nje kwabaqeqeshi. Amajethi angathwala inganono engu-30-mm, kanye nezikhali ezihlukene ezingama-3000 kg - imicibisholo ecitshwayo esuka emoyeni iye emoyeni, amabhomu abambezelekile nawa mahhala, i-runway crater, anti-personnel, izikhali ezilula kanye namabhomu eqoqo.
Khumbula ukuthi uhulumeni waseNdiya othola lezi zindiza ulwe izimpi ezintathu nePakistan eminyakeni engu-60 edlule. NgoZibandlela wezi-2001, ingxabano enkulu yaphinde yabonakala ingenzeka ngemva kokuba amaphekula egasele ibhilidi lephalamende laseNdiya eNew Delhi, kwashona abantu abambalwa. I-India yaphatha iPakistan, yahlanganisa izinkulungwane zamasosha futhi yasondela ekumemezeleni impi. Isimo sawohloka ngokushesha kangangokuthi intatheli yasePakistan u-Ahmed Rashid wabhala kuyi-Daily Telegraph ngoMeyi 2002:
"Lokhu akuhambisani - sisonqenqemeni lwempi yenuzi i-India nePakistan abake baba nemigqa ngaphambili, kodwa akukaze kube nenhlekelele ebonakala ingenzeka." (U-Rashid, 'Lokhu akukona ukuthunyelwa,' Daily Telegraph, May 31, 2002)
Ngemva kwenyanga, izikhulu zaseBrithani zaxwayisa ngokuphuthumayo ukuthi abantu abaningi baseBrithani babezishaya indiva izicelo zokuthi bahambe eNdiya, "naphezu kwengozi yempi nePakistan engaphenduka indawo yokuqala yokuhwebelana ngezikhali zenuzi emhlabeni". (Peter Popham, 'Ama-Britons anganaki sicela ashiye "Abazange bayibambe ingozi yempi",' The Independent, June 5, 2002)
Kamuva ngalowo nyaka, โiwashi lembubhisoโ elidumile le-Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists lathuthukiswa ngemizuzu emibili phakathi kwamabili. Umhlaziyi wamasu uMichael Krepon uchaze izinsuku zokugcina zika-2002 โnjengesikhathi esiyingozi kakhulu kusukela ngenhlekelele yezikhali ezicitshwayo ngo-1962โ. Okukhathaza kakhulu ukuthi "ukwanda kwezikhali zenuzi okungazinzile" ezifundeni ezifaka "izwekazi laseNdiya". (Kucashunwe, i-Bowers kanye ne-LaFranchi, i-Christian Science Monitor, Disemba 31, 2002)
Ukudala ama-Wildernesses
Ukuhlonyiswa kweBrithani nge-India kuveza ukukhanya okuthakazelisayo "ngemizwa eqinile yeGladstonian yokungenelela kobuntu" kaBlair. I-Independent yabhala ngo-Agasti 2003 ngokudayiswa koKlebe:
"Lesi sivumelwano siza ngemuva kokugqugquzelwa okukhulu nguHulumeni waseBrithani, uNdunankulu uTony Blair, iPhini likaNdunankulu uJohn Prescott, uNobhala Wezokuvikela uGeoff Hoon kanye noNobhala Wezangaphandle uJack Straw beshintshana benxenxa amaNdiya ukuthi athenge izindiza." (U-Clayton Hirst no-George Fernandes, 'i-BAE yokujabulela ihlobo laseNdiya nge-oda lika-ยฃ1bn lamajethi oKlebe,' The Independent, Agasti 3, 2003)
Lona kwakungunobhala wezangaphandle ofanayo uStraw okwathi ngoJuni 2002, waxwayisa ngenhlekelele enkulu ezwenikazi laseNdiya:
โUma kuba nempi evamile kuzoba nezinkulungwane zokufa nokulimala futhi kuzolimaza kakhulu.
"Uma kuba nokungqubuzana kwezikhali zenuzi kuzoba yinhlekelele - cishe kube yinhlekelele ezweni elethula izikhali njengalezo ezizitholayo ngenxa yokuwa kanye namathuba empendulo yenuzi ... Okungenani amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu azofa. futhi kuzodalwa namahlane. Njengoba sazi eHiroshima naseNagasaki, abantu abaningi bazobulawa ukugula ngemisebe." (Utshani, ocashuniwe, uBill Jacobs, 'Amakhanda apholile kuphela azoxazulula inkinga,' Evening News, June 10, 2002)
Kamuva kuleyo nyanga, i-Press Association yabika ukuthi iBrithani iqhubekile nokunikeza amalayisense okuthunyelwa kwezikhali e-India nasePakistan ngesikhathi sokwanda kwezingxabano. Umbiko wonyaka wezi-2003 mayelana nokuthunyelwa kwezikhali kwamanye amazwe - oshicilelwe yiHhovisi Langaphandle, uMnyango Wezokuvikela kanye noMnyango Wezohwebo Nezimboni - ubonise ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwezikhali zaseBrithani kanye nemishini eNdiya kucishe kwaphindeka kabili kusukela ngo-2001, kusuka ku-ยฃ 60m kuya ku-ยฃ 118m, ngenkathi ukuthengiswa ePakistan bekungama-ยฃ15m.
Ngemva konyaka, u-Straw naye wahileleka "ekunxenxeni okukhulu" ukudayiswa kwezikhali ezisiza impi yenuzi - izinga lokuzenzisa cishe elingaphezu kokukholelwa.
Khona-ke, iBrithani ibilokhu ihlomisa iNdiya ngamabhomu okulwa namabhomu anamandla enuzi esifundeni somhlaba esisonqenqemeni lwempi yenuzi muva nje. Khonamanjalo, iMelika ihlomisa imbangi yaseNdiya, iPakistan, ngenqwaba yamabhomu anamandla enuzi.
Impendulo Yezindaba
NgoSepthemba 3, 2003, izindaba ze-BBC TV ngesikhathi sesidlo sasemini nakusihlwa zabika ngokudayiswa koKlebe. Kwakungekho ngxoxo nganoma yiziphi izinkinga zokuziphatha ezingase zicatshangwe mayelana nesivumelwano. Akuzange kukhulunywe ukuthi i-India nePakistan babesondele kangakanani empini yenuzi ngonyaka odlule, naphezu kokuba i-BBC nayo yabika ngalesi simo emasontweni ambalwa ngo-2002. Izintatheli ze-BBC zazichaza oKlebe ngokuthi "abaqeqeshi", futhi ngaphandle kokusho ukuthi zisetshenziselwe ukuqeqesha abashayeli bezindiza baseNdiya ukushayela amabhomu enuzi. URichard Sambrook, owayengumqondisi wezindaba ze-BBC, usitshele:
"Ngeshwa entweni emfushane kakhulu asibanga naso isikhala sokungena emlandweni wokusetshenziswa [koKlebe] noma ukuziphatha okuhle kokuhwebelana kubo." (I-imeyili kuMedia Lens, Septhemba 5, 2003)
Lona umbono we-BBC wempendulo ebucayi embuzweni omayelana nokubamba iqhaza kukahulumeni wethu ekubhebhezeleni isibhicongo senuzi esingaba khona.
I-Daily Mail ibijabule ngokugxila ezindabeni zebhizinisi: "Izindiza zoKlebe zibhodlana nesivumelwano se-800m esivela eNdiya." (I-Daily Mail, Septhemba 5, 2003)
I-Guardian inikeze ukugcizelela okudingekile esiqeshini esinesihloko esithi: "Imisebenzi engu-5,000 iphephile njengoba i-India ithenga oKlebe." (UDavid Gow, The Guardian, Septhemba 4, 2003)
I-Morning Star, iphephandaba lansuku zonke le-socialist laseBrithani, labika:
"Inyunyana yezokukhiqiza i-GMB iyamukele inkontileka ye-India yokuthenga izindiza zoKlebe ezingu-66 eBrithani izolo, iphawula ukuthi kube umphumela wamalungu ayo 'wokusebenza ngokuzikhandla nobungcweti.' )
Okuxakayo ukuthi, ukugcizelelwa, okungafaki noma yikuphi ukubhekisela ezindabeni zokuziphatha, kwakuyikhophi yekhabhoni ebonakalayo yaleyo etholakala ku-Financial Times ngosuku olulandelayo:
"Ohlelweni olukhulu lwezinto, amadili oKlebe ayancipha olwandle enkampanini ethembela kakhulu emabhizinisini ayo ngaphandle kwase-UK - ikakhulukazi e-US kanye nenkontileka yayo yesevisi enenzuzo neSaudi Arabia - ekukhuleni kweholo layo. Nokho, i izindaba ezinhle... ibone inani lentengo lenkampani licishe liphindeke kabili kusukela ngoFebhuwari." (UMark Odell noPeter Spiegel, 'Yizindaba ezinhle manje, hhayi ezimbi, ezivela ku-BAE,' Financial Times, September 6, 2003)
Sithole isamba esiphelele sohlelo olulodwa kuwo wonke amaphephandaba kazwelonke waseBrithani ngoSepthemba 2003 ebuza ngokuziphatha kokudayiswa koKlebe. Lokhu - impama encane esihlakaleni sikahulumeni - kuvele ku-Guardian:
"Impendulo efanele 'ezindaweni ezinzima' njengaseningizimu ye-Asia iwukuba ohulumeni abafana neBrithani badambise ukushuba kwesimo futhi bakhuthaze ukuxoxisana, hhayi umjaho wezikhali... Uhulumeni kufanele akwamukele ukuthi inqubomgomo enobulungiswa futhi enomthwalo wemfanelo ekuthengisweni kwezikhali ingazuza izinzuzo zokuziphatha. ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwezomnotho." (Umholi, 'Ukuhweba ngezikhali: Ukuvikela okusemthethweni?' The Guardian, September 13, 2003)
Kube namakhanda amancane abheke ekuphikiseni ekuphawuleni okuncane nasezindabeni, kodwa lutho ukuthulisa imigubho. Incwadi eya ku-Financial Times, kaDavid Mepham, Umqondisi Ohlanganisayo we-Institute for Public Policy Research, inikeze umbono wamanyala okwenzekayo:
"Esikhathini esidlule, i-India nePakistan bema onqenqemeni lwalokho abaningi ababekwesaba ukuthi kungaba yimpi yenuzi. Ngokusekela lesi sivumelwano iBrithani izoqinisa kakhulu amandla okuhlasela e-India futhi ibe negalelo ekuqhubekeni kwezingxabano nokungazinzi esifundeni. Kunalokho, i-UK kufanele ibe ukusebenzisana nabanye ukunxenxa i-India nePakistan ukuthi ihlehlise futhi isuse impi futhi iqale izingxoxo ezinzima ngeKashmir. " (Mepham, 'Ukukhuphula umbango phakathi kwe-India nePakistan,' Financial Times, Septhemba 6, 2003)
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