Eshumini lesibili leminyaka yama-21st Ikhulunyaka, ngemuva kwezinkulumo ezingasho lutho 'ngohulumeni wabantu, abantu, abantu', kwatholakala ukuthi abantu babengakwazi ngisho nokubusa ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwemithombo yezindaba. Amakhompiyutha amakhulu, ahlakaniphe ngokuzenzela aveze ukuthi ngenkathi u-49.5% wabantu beminza olwandle 'lwangemva kweqiniso' 'lwe-disinformation', omunye u-49.5% wayengekho nama-fairies 'kumabhamuza okuhlunga' athwelwe phezulu lutho ngaphandle komoya oshisayo.
Lokhu kushiye i-1% ukuthi ibhekane nenkinga. Izinkampani ezinkulu zemithombo yezindaba ziqashe 'ochwepheshe be-disinformation' - abanakekeli abahlakaniphile abafaneleke ngokukhethekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kobuntatheli obunengqondo nobunenkulumo-ze. Amandla abo angaqondakali angangokuthi, ukusebenza ngaphakathi kokukhulisa inzuzo, okuphethwe ngosozigidigidi, abathembele kumkhangisi, nemithombo yezindaba exhaswa uhulumeni, nokho badalula 'i-disinformation' ngaphandle komkhondo nokuncane wokuchema. Uma ama-CEO, abaphathi beminyango yezikhangiso nabanye bedelela ngasese laba bakhuluma iqiniso beluma izandla eziningi ezidlayo ngokungesabi, babamba ulimi lwabo, mhlawumbe ngenxa yenhlonipho ejulile ngesizathu sabo esihle.
Kukho konke ukukhala okungapheli mayelana 'nokwaziswa okungelona iqiniso', uzobona ukuqashelwa okuncane okuyigugu kwesithende esikhulu sika-Achilles sobuntatheli benkulumo-ze, isici esidalulwa ngaso ngokushesha, esisekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi sinezinjongo ezihluke kakhulu kubuntatheli obunengqondo.
Imigomo yobuntatheli obuphusile ukwethembeka, ukunemba, ukuphelela nokucaca. Ubuntatheli obunengqondo buzokwethula incazelo yohulumeni base-US-UK yokuthi kungani behlasele i-Iraq, futhi izokwethula imithombo ethembekile, ethembekile, enegunya ephonsela leyo ncazelo inselele.
Qaphela lesi simangalo sobuntatheli obunengqondo, obuthembekile akuyona isimangalo Injongo ubuntatheli. Isinqumo mayelana nokuthi yibaphi abantu nezinhlangano kukhona ethembekile, ethembekile futhi enegunya iyinto eqondile. Singase sigcizelele ukuthi sikhetha imithombo ethembekile esekelwe ebufakazini obuphusile, obungavivinywa, kodwa umcabango ophusile uyinto engokoqobo eyenzeka ngaphakathi kwekhanda lomuntu - akuyona inhloso. Ukucabanga kwethu kungase kube nephutha - singamane sihlanye.
Ubuntatheli obunengqondo, obuzimele budinga ukuthi mina nawe sidlale indima yethu njengabafundi abaqotho, abanengqondo nezibukeli ezihlola izimangalo futhi sakhe eyethu imibono eqondile. Asikwazi ukuthatha izimpikiswano zezintatheli okuthiwa zithembekile, ezicabangelayo ngokuthenjwa - kufanele sizenzele thina umsebenzi.
Imigomo ye-propaganda journalism ihlukile: ihlose ukuholela abafundi nababukeli esiphethweni esithile. Kulokhu, ukwethembeka, ukunemba nokucaca kungaphansi kwezidingo zokukholisa. Ngokuqondene nokuphelela, ngoba kuyasebenza ngokumelene imigomo ye-propaganda, ayigcini nje ngokushiywa; kuwusongo ukuhlaselwa.
Lena-ke indlela esingahlukanisa ngayo ubuntatheli obunengqondo nenkulumo-ze nje. Isithende esikhulu se-Achilles se-propaganda journalism ukuthi:
- Kuhlanganisa ngempela ukuhlaziya okucophelelayo, okunemininingwane, okungokomthetho kwamaqiniso kanye nezikhala ezinkulu, 'ezingenakuchazwa', eziphikisayo. Umsakazi wenkulumo-ze uzoqoqa yonke imininingwane emincane evumelana nesiphetho esidingekayo kodwa - njengokungathi ukhubazekile ngokwengqondo - 'uyohluleka' ukuqaphela noma yiliphi inani lezindlovu ezihlala endaweni yokuphumula eziholela eziphethweni ezifiselekayo. Inhloso ukwethula umbono ocacile, omnyama nomhlophe womhlaba ngaphandle kokungabaza.
- Izothola izizathu zokuhlasela noma ubani ophakamisa ukuthi le nguqulo ehlungiwe, emnyama nemhlophe ayiphelele. Noma iyiphi intatheli ephusile enentshisekelo yokuphelela, ngokungangabazeki, izohlaselwa 'njengomxolisi', 'imbuka', umlingiswa owuhlobo lwe-'Lord Haw-Haw' obukela phansi ukuziphatha nempilo yengqondo yesizwe 'ngolwazi olungaqondile'. Noma yiziphi ezinye izintatheli eziphusile eziyobe sezifuna ukuphelela ekuphenduleni lezi zimangalo zokuqala 'zokukhohlisa' zizosolwa 'ngokukhohlisa' ngendlela efanayo. Kuyindilinga enengqondo evaliwe - ibalulekile ngoba, kumuntu osakaza inkulumo-ze, ukunqoba yikho konke okubalulekile. Ukudlondlobala kwenkulumo-mpikiswano ephusile kuwusongo kanye nokunqotshwa.
UNils Melzer - 'Ngake Ngaphuphuthekiswa Yinkulumo-ze'
Ngo-2019, ngenkathi esebenza njengoMmeli Okhethekile we-UN on Torture, u-Nils Melzer - uchwepheshe onolwazi kakhulu emkhakheni wezomthetho wamazwe omhlaba owayenguSihlalo waseSwitzerland Womthetho Wobuntu Wamazwe Ngamazwe e-Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights, futhi onguSihlalo manje unguMqondisi wezoMthetho, iNqubomgomo kanye neDiplomacy yeKomidi lamazwe ngamazwe le-Red Cross - Ubeke amazwana Impendulo ivela ku- Julian Assange:
'Impela, ngacabanga, u-Assange kufanele abe umdlwenguli! Kodwa engikutholile wukuthi akakaze abekwe icala locansi. Yiqiniso, ngemva nje kokuba i-United States ikhuthaze abasekeli bakhe ukuba bathole izizathu zokushushisa u-Assange, umshushisi waseSweden wazisa umagazini we-tabloid ukuthi wayesolwa ngokudlwengula abesifazane ababili. Nokho, okuxakayo ukuthi bona besifazane abazange bathi badlwenguliwe, futhi babengahlosile ukubika icala lobugebengu. Hamba uthole. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe kwekhondomu ethunyelwe njengobufakazi, okuthiwa igqokwe futhi idabukile ngesikhathi belala no-Assange, akuvezanga ukuthi ayikho i-DNA - eyakhe, noma eyakhe, noma eyomunye umuntu. Hamba futhi. Omunye wesifazane waze wathumela umqhafazo ethi ufuna u-Assange kuphela ahlolelwe i-HIV, kodwa amaphoyisa “abezimisele ngokumbeka izandla”. Bheka, futhi.'
UMelzer wengeza:
'Ekugcineni kwafika kimi ukuthi ngangiphuphuthekiswe inkulumo-ze, nokuthi u-Assange wayenyundelwe ngendlela ehlelekile ukuze asuse ukunaka ebugebengwini abedalula. Kuthe uma esehlisiwe ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa, ukuklolodelwa nokuhlazeka, njengabathakathi esasibashisa esigxotsheni, kwaba lula ukumphuca amalungelo akhe ayisisekelo ngaphandle kokususa ulaka lomphakathi emhlabeni wonke. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo esingokomthetho siyabekwa, ngomnyango wokuzithela ngabandayo kwethu, lokho esikhathini esizayo esingasetshenziswa futhi esizosetshenziswa kanye nokudalulwa yi-Guardian, i-New York Times kanye ne-ABC News.'
UMelzer, ngokusobala ongumthombo ongenasici ngalezi zindaba, unikeze lo mbiko ku-Guardian, iThe Times, iFinancial Times, iSydney Morning Herald, iAustralia, iCanberra Times, iTelegraph, iNew York Times, iWashington Post, uThomson. I-Reuters Foundation, kanye ne-Newsweek. Umphumela:
'Akekho ophendule kahle.'
Kungani kungenjalo? Ngoba uMelzer wayebhekene I-Medium, uhlelo lwenkulumo-ze yenhlangano kahulumeni olwaludinga ukuthi udaba luka-Assange lwethulwe ngamagama amnyama namhlophe ukuze kuncishiswe ukwesekwa komphakathi ukuze umbuso 'umphuce amalungelo akhe ayisisekelo ngaphandle kokuvusa intukuthelo yomphakathi emhlabeni wonke'.
Le mfuneko yenkulumo-ze ibaluleke kakhulu, iqhutshwa ngokungakhathali, kangangokuthi abaningi abasakaza inkulumo-ze bezinkampani zikahulumeni - abantu abacabanga ngokweqiniso ukuthi bayizintatheli eziphusile - bazizwe benengekile kunoma ubani onentshisekelo yokuphonsela inselelo ukulandisa okusemthethweni. Njengoba sitholile, nakuba engekho amacala abekwe u-Assange, futhi nakuba engazange alahlwe yinoma yiliphi icala, ukukhuthaza ukuphelela ngokuphonsela inselelo izinsolo ezihlukahlukene kwakuzobizwa ngokuthi 'umxolisi wokudlwengula'.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyiqiniso kangakanani izimangalo ezenziwe ngokumelene no-Assange, lona kanye iqiniso lokuthi uchwepheshe, ubuntatheli obunengqondo obufuna ukuphelela abuzange bunakwe nje kuphela, kodwa bavinjelwa, kwakuyisithende esikhulu sika-Achilles esibonisa ukuthi u-Assange wayeyisisulu se-blitz ye-propaganda yombuso. . Lokhu kwavele kwasho ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izimangalo ezibhekiswe ku-Assange, i-The Medium yayisivele inecala lokuketula umbuso wentando yeningi, inkulumo-mpikiswano ephucuzekile kanye nenkululeko, ngoba yayisebenza njenge-ejenti yombuso, hhayi njengomthombo wolwazi ongachemile. Kwakuthatha abantu basekhaya njengesitha okufanele silawulwe futhi sisetshenziswe.
Ngakho-ke, ukufingqa: lapho imininingwane ecophelelayo ihlanganiswa kakhulu nezikhala ezilingana nendlovu, futhi lapho isithakazelo ekupheleleni siphikwa kabanzi njengokuthi 'ubuqili', noma 'ukuziphatha okubi' kohlobo oluthile, lesi isithende sika-Achilles esidalula inkulumo-ze eqhumayo.
'La, La, La!' Ophakathi Ufaka Iminwe Endlebeni
NgoJuni besingesinye sezikhungo ezimbalwa ezeseka abesifazane abadalula ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kowayengumbhali wengosi ye-Observer u-Nick Cohen ekhasini lokuqala. esihlokweni eshicilelwe yi-New York Times. Abesifazane abayisikhombisa batshele i-NYT ukuthi u-Cohen 'uke wabaphumputha noma wenza okunye ucansi olungafunwa cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili. Abane baphikelele ekutheni kungaziwa ukuthi badalulwe kuphi, besaba imiphumela yobungcweti. Esimeni ngasinye, i-Times ibuyekeze amadokhumenti noma yaqinisekisa ama-akhawunti abo'. Lokhu bekungelona icala ngabezindaba - umbiko we-NYT ulandele uphenyo lwangaphakathi olwenziwe yi-Guardian News & Media, ngemuva kwalokho u-Cohen washiya i-Observer.
Ukungafani nokusabela kwabezindaba ezinsolweni zika-Assange ngeke kuphazamise kakhulu. Umbiko we-NYT ngo-Cohen washicilelwa ngoMeyi 30. Usesho lwethu lwesizindalwazi semidiya ye-ProQuest ngoJuni 15 lokushiwo yiphephandaba lase-UK ngemva komhla zingama-29 kuMeyi lunikeze imiphumela elandelayo:
'Nick Cohen' = 9 ibalula
Lesi kwakuyisamba esiphelele sokuthakasela kuwo wonke amaphephandaba ase-UK. Indaba yangcwatshwa nje futhi ayizange ihlanganiswe yi-Guardian noma i-BBC.
Sasingezinye zezitolo ezimbalwa kakhulu Ukucaphuna owasinda ekuhlukunyezweni ngokocansi uLucy Siegle:
'Ngo-2018, intatheli ye-Freelance kanye nentatheli ye-BBC One Show uLucy Siegle - owabhala ikholomu ye-Observer ngokuphila ngokuziphatha futhi wethula imiklomelo ye-Ethical yaleli phephandaba - ubike u-Cohen ku-Guardian ngokumphumputha egumbini lezindaba, kodwa "akukenzeki lutho". USiegle uchaze umhlangano wakhe wangomhla lu-1 kuNhlolanja wezi-2018 nabaphathi abaphezulu be-Guardian “njengokunolaka”, “ukushayisana kwemoto ngokuphelele”, lapho azizwe “enophethiloli” nokuthi “bachitha ingxenye yesikhathi bezama ukunciphisa engangikusho kwase kuba nesinye isikhathi. ingxenye yesikhathi uhlobo lokubeka iminwe ezindlebeni zabo futhi bacishe bathi “la la la”.'
'La, la la', ifingqa kakhulu ukusabela kwayo yonke i-State-corporate Medium ehlazweni.
Qhathanisa, futhi, impendulo ezimangalweni ezibhekiswe kusomahlaya nomhlaziyi wezombangazwe ophikisayo uRussell Brand, osolwa ngokudlwengula owesifazane oyedwa, nokunukubezwa ngokobulili abanye besifazane abathathu. Ngemva kwalokho, amaphoyisa kaMasipala kubika ukuthi iphinde yathola 'inani lezinsolo zamacala ocansi'. I-World Socialist Network (WSWS) Ubeke amazwana:
'Ukusabela okumangazayo endabeni yeBrand kwabezindaba, i-Guardian namanye amaphephandaba abizwa ngokuthi "enkululeko" ehamba phambili phambili, ibukela phansi imigomo eyisisekelo yezomthetho neyentando yeningi. Ihlulele u-Brand enecala ngokungenasisekelo, yamnikeza i-pariah futhi yabeka engcupheni noma yiliphi ithuba lokuqulwa kwecala elifanele uma lokho kungaba semakhadini esikhathini esizayo...
'Amalungelo asemthethweni nawentando yeningi kumele avikelwe ukuze kuqedwe isimo lapho abantu abavelele emphakathini kanye namaciko bengadicilelwa phansi ngezinsolo ezinonya kanye nenhlebo. Akufanele kudingeke ukuthi kuchazwe ukuthi yimaphi amandla amakhulu lokhu okuwanika labo abanethonya elikhulu kwabezindaba nezombusazwe, kanye nokungabi nabulungisa okungase kwenziwe.'
Futhi ngempela, noma ubani olandele icala lika-Assange uzobe ethukile lapho uNobhala Wezangaphandle uJames Cleverly Ubeke amazwana esidlangalaleni ngezimangalo ezibhekiswe ku-Brand:
'Kufanele siqaphele ikakhulukazi lapho silalela amazwi abantu abangenawo amandla. Ngoba thina, ngicabanga ukuthi, ngokuhlanganyela siye saphuthelwa amathuba okwenza okufanele futhi singenelele kakhulu, ngaphambi kwalokho.'
Lokhu, vele, kwalibeka ngokuqinile icala lika-Brand, okusiza ukusetha ithoni yesivivinyo esilandelayo ngabezindaba. Umuntu angase azibuze ukuthi kungani usopolitiki omkhulu kangaka weHhovisi Lezangaphandle elibhekele ubudlelwano baseBrithani namazwe angaphandle kanye nohulumeni wayekhuluma ngezimangalo ezibhekiswe kusomahlaya nomlingisi waseBrithani. Phela, uNobhala Wezangaphandle waseBrithani wenza hhayi phawula ngehlazo locansi likaCohen.
UDame Caroline Dinenage, usihlalo wekomidi lezindaba leHouse of Commons, wabhala kunkundla yezokuxhumana, i-Rumble:
'Singajabula uma ungaqinisekisa ukuthi uMnu Brand uyakwazi ukwenza imali ngokuqukethwe kwakhe, okuhlanganisa namavidiyo akhe ahlobene namacala abucayi abekwe wona. Uma kunjalo, singathanda ukwazi ukuthi uRumble uhlose ukujoyina i-YouTube ekumiseni kancane ikhono likaMnu. Brand lokuzuza imali endaweni yesikhulumi.'
Ngokusho kwabo, uRumble Waphendula:
'Namuhla, sithole incwadi ephazamisa kakhulu evela kusihlalo wekomidi ephalamende lase-UK ...
'Sikubheka njengokungafaneleki nokuyingozi kakhulu ukuthi iPhalamende lase-UK lizame ukulawula ukuthi ubani ovunyelwe ukukhuluma endaweni yethu noma ukuziphilisa ngokwenza lokho.
'Ukuqoka umuntu oyedwa nokufuna ukuvinjelwa kwakhe kuphazamisa kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthi akukho ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinsolo nokuqukethwe kwakhe ku-Rumble. Asihambisani nokuziphatha kwabadali abaningi be-Rumble, kodwa siyenqaba ukubajezisa ngezenzo ezingahlangene nengxenyekazi yethu.
'Nakuba kungase kube lula ngokwepolitiki nangokwenhlalo ukuthi uRumble ajoyine isixuku esikhansela isiko, ukwenza kanjalo kungaba ukwephula izimiso nenhloso yenkampani yethu. Sizenqaba ngokuqinile izimfuno zePhalamende lase-UK.'
I-Dinenage nayo ezibhaliwe ku-TikTok, kanye naku-GB News, ukuphawula:
'… kumayelana nokuthi u-Beverley Turner, owachaza uMnu Brand ngokuthi “iqhawe” futhi wamema ukuthi avele ohlelweni lwakhe, wabe esebeka phambili i-GB News ngezinsolo eziphathelene noMnu Brand ekuseni ngo-September 18'.
Ebhala kuTwitter ngencwadi ayithumele kuDinenage, intatheli yaseMelika uGlenn Greenwald Ebuzwa:
'Kusukela nini izikhulu zezombusazwe zaseNtshonalanga ziba namandla okujezisa abantu ngezinsolo zobugebengu abangakaze babekwe zona? Yini enikeza izikhulu zase-US ne-UK ilungelo lokufuna izinkampani zobuchwepheshe zisuse noma zenze imali ngezikhulumi?'
Abekho ongqongqoshe bakahulumeni ababhalele i-Guardian Media Group befuna ukuchithwa kwemibhalo kaCohen. I BBC futhi Guardian, ehlulekile ngisho nokubika ihlazo lika-Cohen, ibike kabanzi ngenqwaba yezindaba kanye nezingcezu zokuphawula mayelana nezimangalo ezibhekiswe ku-Brand.
Nakulokhu, isithende sika-Achilles senkulumo-ze sibonakala ngokucacile: izimangalo ezinobuhlakani ezinezikhala ezimangazayo - isibonelo, iqiniso lokuthi uhulumeni usebenzisa ingcindezi enkulu ukuze athulise u-Brand, nakuba engakaze abekwe icala, ingasaphathwa eyokugwetshwa, nanoma yibuphi ubugebengu. - kuyilapho izintatheli eziphusile ezifuna ukuphelela zimemezelwa kakhulu ngokuthi 'abaxolisi bokudlwengula', njengoba kwenzeka ecaleni lika-Assange.
Abagxeki baphikise ngokuthi ukuphakamisa ukuthi u-Brand uqondiswe ku-propaganda blitz ukuchitha izimangalo zabesifazane njengezinga lenkulumo-ze. Lokhu akulandeli nhlobo. Kungenzeka ngempela, isibonelo, ukuthi izimangalo zombili ziyiqiniso futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla angalungile ukuthulisa uBrand.
Abagxeki babuze nokuthi kungani singakaphawuli ngokuzwakala kwezinsolo zabesifazane - singakungabaza kanjani okushiwo abesifazane abane abakhuluma ngokuzimela? Icala lika-Assange, ikakhulukazi uchwepheshe ka-Nils Melzer ohlaziya lelo cala, lasiqinisekisa ukuthi akunangqondo ukuthi abantu abafana nathi - nabantu abafana nabantu abaningi abakhipha isahlulelo esisheshayo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana - ukuthi bathinte ukunikeza umbono onolwazi ngalezi zingqinamba ezingokomthetho. izindaba ezisuselwe emibikweni yabezindaba kanye nokuphawula.
Ingabe i-Brand I-Leftist?
Njengakuqala, akukho okuvunyelwe ukuphazamisa inguqulo edingekayo, emnyama nemhlophe yemicimbi. Ikhava ye-blitz ye-propaganda inikezwe ngisho nokugomela kokuthi i-Brand ayikwazi ukuba yisihloko se-Assange noma isitayela se-Corbyn blitz ngoba akayena nhlobo ophikisayo kwesokunxele.
Noma ngabe sibiza u-Brand 'ngenxele' noma cha, iqiniso liwukuthi kule minyaka eyishumi edlule wenze okuningi ukubekela inselelo nokucasula amandla enkampani kahulumeni. Kulo nyaka, uxoxisane nabashiyile abaqinile njengoCornel West, uNoam Chomsky no-Aaron Maté. Unesikhathi eside futhi ngezwi kusekelwe Corbyn no-Assange, futhi eminyakeni embalwa edlule uxoxisane noMax Blumenthal, u-Edward Snowden, uChris Hedges, uGlenn Greenwald, uMat Taibbi, uJimmy Dore, uJoel Bakan, u-Helena Norberg-Hodge, uVandana Shiva nabanye abaningi. Lona ngumsebenzi obalulekile onikeza izwi kwabanxele kanye nabezemvelo abanganakwa nhlobo abezindaba 'abavamile', lapho benganyundelwa futhi bengahlukunyezwa.
Brand has njalo inselelo ukulandisa okusemthethweni ngempi yase-Ukraine. Ku-YouTube ngoFebhuwari odlule, wenze owokuqala interview inikezwe yintatheli ephenyayo uSeymour Hersh ngemuva kokuthi uHersh eshicilele eyakhe isimangalo esibi ukuthi i-US yayingemuva kokuhlasela kwamaphekula kwe-Nord Stream 2 eYurophu.
Njengoba thina ibhalwe phansi, Izimangalo zikaHersh zinganakwa, noma zahlekwa usulu, ngokuthandwa kwe-Guardian, BBC kanye neThe Times njengengxenye yokunye ukucindezelwa kokuphikiswa. Faka noma iyiphi ilebula oyithandayo, iqiniso lokuthi u-Brand wenze le ngxoxo yokuqala no-Hersh ku-YouTube, ukuthi unababhalisile be-YouTube abayizigidi ezingu-6.6, nokuthi ividiyo ibukwe izikhathi ezingu-855,000, kwaba negalelo elikhulu ekuphikisaneni nokulwa nempi.
Inkhulumomphendvulwano kaHersh iyodwa kanye neqiniso lokuthi uBrand uhlala efinyelela izethameli eziningi ngokuphikisa kwakhe - owayeyintatheli ye-Guardian uJonathan Cook. uthi 'Kungenzeka ukuthi ungumgxeki onamandla kakhulu wobunxiwankulu olimini lwesiNgisi' - kusho ukuthi i-Brand izoqondiswa uhlelo lwenkulumo-ze yenkampani kahulumeni olwacekela phansi ngempumelelo iphrojekthi yezepolitiki ka-Corbyn, kanye nesithunzi sika-Assange, ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo.
Ngempela, njengoba nathi kukhulunywe ngakho ngaleso sikhathi, u-Brand wayesevele engaphansi kwesitayela sikaCorbyn, abezindaba belahla ishumi leminyaka ngaphambili, okubandakanya abashayayo abakhulu be-pro-war njengoDavid Aaronovitch, ngaleso sikhathi weThe Times, no-Nick Cohen. Iphrofayili ephezulu yomkhiqizo, incwadi ka-2014, 'Revolution', kuchazwe 'njenge-anti-capitalist', ithengise amakhophi angu-22,000 ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingu-11 futhi yacaphuna abafana noNoam Chomsky noDavid Graeber. Bekuhlosiwe ngenxa yamazwana alolu hlobo:
'Namuhla isintu sibhekene nokukhetha okunqala: ukusindisa iplanethi futhi ulahle ubunxiwankulu, noma usindise ubunxiwankulu futhi ulahle iplanethi.'
'Isizathu sokuthi abagibeli bebhasi lokuzijabulisa [elite] baqine kangaka ekuvikeleni umnotho ukuthi banqume ukulahla iplanethi.' (Brand, 'Revolution', Century, 2014, ebook, p.345)
Iqiniso liwukuthi 'siphila ngaphansi kobushiqela'. (p.550) I-US, ikakhulukazi, 'isebenza njengebutho eliphoqelela izintshisekelo zebhizinisi zezinkampani esebenzisana nazo'. (p.493) UBrand waphawula ukuthi amaphesenti angama-70 omshini wokunyathelisa wase-UK alawulwa izinkampani ezintathu, amaphesenti angama-90 omshini wase-US ngabayisithupha, futhi 'iphesenti elilodwa labantu baseBrithani elicebe kakhulu linamaphesenti angama-1 ampofu kakhulu. '. (ikhasi.55)
Ngamathuba oshintsho olukhulu, u-Brand wabhala:
'Khumbula, abantu abakutshela lokhu ngeke basebenze, kuhulumeni, ku-Fox News noma i-MSNBC, noma kuma-op-eds ku-Guardian noma Isibukeli, nanoma yikuphi, bangabantu abanentshisekelo ethile ezintweni ezingashintshi. ' (ikhasi.514)
Noma ubani ofunde ethi 'Imvume Yokukhiqiza' ka-Edward Herman noNoam Chomsky, uzokwazi ukuthi abaphikisayo abafinyelela izithameli eziningi ngemilayezo yalolu hlobo ngokuqinisekile bazobhekana nokuhlaselwa okushubile, okwandayo okuvela emithonjeni yezindaba. Ibhrendi ayidingi ukugqama njengo-Assange, noma ibe nomthelela kwezombusazwe njengo-Corbyn, ukuze ifaneleke. Ngisho nabasezingeni eliphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, abaphikisi bezemfundo base-UK bathanda Piers Robinson, U-Tim Hayward futhi David Miller bahloselwe ukuhlambalaza okuhloswe ukubavala umlomo. Iqiniso lokuthi uBrand usanda kuxoxisana nabantu abafana no-Ben Shapiro odlala kwesokudla akulichithi irekhodi lakhe ngokuphikisa kwesokunxele. Phela, isihloko sevidiyo yalokho interview yilokhu: 'URussell Brand & Ben Shapiro "Abavumelani Ngenhlonipho".'
Isiphetho
Ukudicilelwa phansi nokuthuliswa kwabaphikisayo abanethonya, abamelene nempi kuyindaba ebucayi kakhulu. NgoMeyi, iphrojekthi ye-Costs of War, esekelwe eBrown University e-United States, Kulinganiselwa ukuthi isibalo sabashonile ezimpini zangemva kwe-9/11 - okuhlanganisa i-Afghanistan, iPakistan, i-Iraq, iSyria neYemen - okungenani singaba yizigidi ezi-4.5-4.7. Ababhali bombiko baphawule:
'Inhlolovo yango-2018 yababaleki baseSyria, Afghan, kanye ne-Iraqi ibonise ukuthi abangaphezu kuka-60% bahlukumezekile ngenxa yempi, kuhlanganise nokuhlaselwa ngamasosha, ukubhekana nokubulawa noma ukunyamalala kwezihlobo, ukuphila ngokuhlushwa nokuvalelwa bodwa, nokubona ukubulala, ukuhlukunyezwa, nodlame locansi. Bangaphezu kuka-6% abadlwenguliwe.'
Kunesizathu esihle sokukholelwa ukuthi ukushuba kwemibhikisho emelene nempi ka-2002-2003 - hhayi okungenani umthelela emsebenzini kaTony Blair wezepolitiki - kwenza kwaba lukhulu. Ngokuqinile kakhulu ukuze amaqembu aphikisayo ase-UK kanye nohulumeni wase-UK basekele impi ka-Obama eyayihlelelwe iSyria ngo-2013. Ngenxa yalokho, ngaphandle kokusekelwa kweBrithani, lokho okusemthethweni, okugcwele kwesimemezelo sempi sase-US akwenzekanga.
Lokhu kwenza ngempela hhayi kusho ukuthi amazwi amelene nempi kufanele anikezwe impatho ethambile; kusho izimangalo ezibhekiswe kubo, kanye nanoma yiziphi izimangalo eziphikisayo, kufanele zibhekisiswe ngokucophelela ngendlela eyisisekelo nenengqondo.
Uma ukuqulwa kwecala ngabezindaba enkantolo yemibono yomphakathi ehlanekezelwe yinkulumo-ze enamandla kuphela okudingekayo ukuze kuthuliswe amazwi amelene nempi afuna ukuvimba umshini wempi we-US-UK odlangile, lokho akwanele.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela