[Lesi sihloko siyinhlanganisela TomDispatch/Ngaphandle umbiko.]
Kuyimpi eGulf futhi i-US Navy iseduze ukuze isivikele. Cha, hhayi lelo Gulf! Ngikhuluma ngeGulf of Alaska futhi empeleni iyimpi ehlekisayo - uma, okungukuthi, ungabi umkhomo ophelile noma i-salmon yasendle.
Ngalo Meyi, iNavy izophinde ihambe ngemikhumbi yayo yempi iye eGulf of Alaska. Lapho, bazongena ezenzweni zezempi futhi mhlawumbe balahle amabhomu, baqalise ama-torpedo kanye nemicibisholo, futhi bahlanganyele emisebenzini enethuba elibalulekile lokufaka ushevu kulawo manzi ake acwebile, kuyilapho ilungiselela izimpi ezizayo kwenye indawo emhlabeni. Kucabange njengempi emelene nezilwane zasendle, ukuhlasela imvelo kanye nemiphakathi yasendaweni yasogwini.
Futhi sikubize ngendida noma sikubize ngempilo yaseMelika ngo-2017, kodwa i-Alaska Command yamasosha aseMelika ibize u-Emily Stolarcyk ngokuthi โumhluphiโ ngokugcizelela lokhu. Esimeni lapho umusho onjalo ufana namanyala, abanye baye bambiza ngokungananazi ngokuthi โomelene nezempi.โ Ihhovisi likaSenator waseRiphabhlikhi uLisa Murkowski limbize โnjengomuntu ovusa isiphithiphithi,โ kuyilapho ilungu le-Kodiak Assembly libhale okunye abekusho ngeNavy ngokuthi โkubuwula nje.โ
Njengesakhamuzi sedolobhana elincane elidobayo lase-Cordova, e-Alaska, into evusa amadlingozi kakhulu nge-Stlarcyk kungase kube uthando athanda ngalo lesi sifunda seplanethi ngabo bonke ubukhosi baso. Kungakho ethathe isinyathelo esinzima futhi esingantengantengi iminyaka manje ngokumelene nezivivinyo eziqhubekayo zokuqeqeshwa kweNavy e-Gulf of Alaska phakathi nokufuduka okukhulu kwezinyoni nempilo yasolwandle Emhlabeni. Lezi zivivinyo, ezijova amathani ezinto ezinobuthi eGulf futhi zisebenzisa iziqhumane ezinkulu, zihlelelwe futhi ukuthi zenzeke njengoba kuvulwa inkathi yokudoba yezohwebo yase-Alaska.
Itholakala eHlathini Likazwelonke laseChugach elikhulu lesifundazwe, iCordova egudle ugu iphakathi kwezintaba zeChugach ezimbozwe yiqhwa, iPrince William Sound, kanye noMfula iCopper. Ukudoba kuyinhliziyo nomoya wedolobha, kanye nesisekelo somnotho walo. Indawo emagebhugebhu, ihlale njalo ohlwini lwamachweba okudoba aseMelika ayi-10 aphezulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikalwa ngamakhilogremu ezinhlanzi ezidotshwa minyaka yonke noma inani lazo. Intela yezinhlanzi ikhokhela izikole zayo kanye nokugcinwa kwengqalasizinda yayo eminingi. Okungenani ingxenye yesine yemisebenzi yayo ixhumene nemboni yokudobela inzuzo. โNgaphandle kokudoba, idolobha belingeke libe khona ngisho nalapha,โ kusho u-Stolarcyk, owazi kangcono ubunkimbinkimbi bezinhlelo ze-Navy kunabantu abaningi eMbuthweni Wezempi Wasolwandle, njengoba sivakashela itheku laseCordova.
Akunakwenzeka ukweqisa ukuthi i-salmon eyisakhiwo sodumo ikhona kanjani lapha. โEsinakho eCordova kungenye yezindawo zasendle zokugcina ezisele emhlabeni, futhi ingenye yezindawo zokugcina eMhlabeni lapho sisenama-salmon agijima enempilo,โ ungitshela. Ungumqondisi wohlelo Eyak Preservation Council, inhlangano engenzi-nzuzo egxile kwezemvelo nengokwenhlalo-nobulungiswa ezinze e-Cordova, injongo yayo eyinhloko kuwukuvikela indawo yokuhlala yama-salmon asendle.
Umlingani wakhe usezoqala isizini yakhe yesikhombisa njengomdobi webhizinisi. Isakhiwo sabo esihlala sinomuntu obhema inhlanzi. โI-Salmon yenza leli dolobha liphile, uyakwazi ukuzwa amandla uma izinhlanzi seziqala ukubuya, zizwakala,โ kuchaza yena, ngezwi lakhe elijabule. โUngezwa izikebhe zingena futhi abantu bahambe bayoma ogwini ukuze babamukele lapho bebuya.โ
Nokho, kulo nyaka, njengoba ngo-2015, Navy uhlela ukuqhuba ingxenye yayo I-Northern Edge 2017 (NE 17), umsebenzi wokuqeqesha, khona kanye endaweni yangakubo. Le midlalo yempi, eyenzeka njalo ngemva konyaka, ihlanganisa imikhumbi, izindiza, imikhumbi-mkhathi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwe-sonar endaweni engaphezu kuka-42,000 wamamayela we-nautical wemvelo yasolwandle yase-Gulf of Alaska. Futhi kunjalo owaziwayo ukuthi i-sonar ibangela ukulimala nokufa kwemikhomo, amahlengethwa, nezinye izilwane zasolwandle. Kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi imikhomo iyokwazi ngisho nolwandle ukuze ibalekele umsindo, onomsindo ongaphezu kuka-100 decibel ngaphansi kwamanzi ngisho nangaphezu kwekhonsathi ye-rock enomsindo kakhulu. Ngenxa yecala elikhulu elibhekene nabo, i-Navy kuvunyelwene ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezithile ze-sonar e-Southern California nase-Hawaii, ngenxa yomthelela wawo ku-Blue Whale osengozini yokushabalala kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Kodwa hhayi eGulf of Alaska.
Ukudoba Ukuze uthole Impendulo
As e 2015, izinhlelo zeNavy zisongela indawo ye-Gulf engakwazi ukuzwela ngokwezinto eziphilayo noma ecebile ngezilwane zasendle. Indawo yabo yokuqeqeshwa ihlanganisa i-State of Alaska Marine Protected Area, i-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Protected Area, kanye nezindawo zombili ze-Gulf of Alaska Seamount Protected kanye ne-Slope Habitat Conservation.
Noma kunjalo, i-Navy icela izimvume zokusebenzisa imithetho ephilayo ehlanganisa amabhomu, imicibisholo, nama-torpedoes, kanye ne-sonar esebenzayo nengenzi lutho ekuzilolongeni โokungokoqoboโ kokuqeqeshwa kwempi okungakhulula amakhilogremu angu-352,000 โezinto ezisetshenziswayoโ kulawo manzi okuhlanganisa. , ngokusho kweNavy uqobo Isitatimende Somthelela Kwezemvelo (EIS), imicibisholo, amabhomu, nama-torpedoes.
Lawa manzi asekela ezinye zezindawo zokudoba eziyigugu kakhulu ezisele e-United States kanye nemboni yokudoba ngenjongo yokuthengisa eyodwa enkulu umqashi ozimele esifundazweni sase-Alaska, ehlinzeka ngemisebenzi engaphezu kuka-63,000. Noma kunjalo, i-Navy uqobo I-EIS ithi izinhlanzi kule ndawo zisengozini yokuchayeka amakhemikhali ezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ngoba imidlalo yempi izofaka i-chromium, i-lead, i-tungsten, i-nickel, i-cadmium, i-cyanide, ne-ammonium perchlorate, kanye nezinye izinsimbi eziningi ezinzima nezinto ezinobuthi, emanzini ase-Alaska. . Ngokusho kwe I-EIS, โKuncane okwaziwayo mayelana nezindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu zomonakalo wokungafi esikhathini esifushane nesikhathi eside, futhi akukho okwaziwayo ngemiphumela ekuziphatheni kwezinhlanzi.โ Iyanezela ukuthi โimiphumela engaba khonaโ ihlanganisa โukufa noma ukulimalaโ nokuthi โinhlanzi engabulawanga noma engaxoshwa endaweni ngenxa yokuqhuma ingase ishintshe indlela eziziphatha ngayo, indlela ezidla ngayo, noma ukusatshalaliswa kwazo.โ
Nakuba i-Navy ngokwayo iyazi eminye yemiphumela elimazayo yokuzivocavoca kwayo, eminye iyaziwa futhi leyo nkonzo awenzi mzamo wokufunda ukuthi ingaba yini. Umgomo wokuqapha wokuthi ungalimazi ngokusobala awusebenzi lapha.
The I-EIS ye-Navy ilinganisela ukuthi, phakathi neminyaka okufanele kuqhutshwe ngayo le midlalo yempi, kuzoba โnokuthathaโ okungaphezu kuka-182,000 - ukufa okuqondile kwezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle noma ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kwazo okubalulekile njengokuzalanisa, ukuncelisa, noma ukuvela phezulu. Ngokufa kwezinhlanzi, alinikezi nhlobo izilinganiso.
Uhlu oluyingxenye yezinhlobo ezithintekayo luhlanganisa blue, fin, grey, humpback, minke, sei, sperm, nama-killer whale, i-right whale yaseNyakatho Pacific esengozini enkulu (okusele cishe engu-30 kuphela), kanye amahlengethwa namabhubesi olwandle. . Izizwe ezingaphansi kweshumi nambili zomdabu ezihlanganisa ama-Eskimo, ama-Eyak, ama-Athabascan, ama-Tlingit, ama-Sun'aq, nama-Aleut athembele kule ndawo ukuze aziphilise, ingasaphathwa eyobunikazi bamasiko nobungokomoya.
Njengoba usuku lokwethulwa kwangomhla lu-1 kuNhlaba lwe-NE 17 lusondela, sesivele sinolwazi oluthile lokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lomonakalo olungase lube umphumela. Ngokushesha ngemva kweNorthern Edge 15, i-Alaska yabona enkulu kunazo zonke umcimbi wokufa komkhomo eyokwenzeka emanzini ayo. Kutholwe izidumbu eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili zemikhomo esengozini yokushabalala zintanta eduze nesiqhingi sase-Kodiak endaweni lapho uMbutho Wezempi Wasemanzini wawuzilolongela khona, uheha. ukunaka kwabezindaba kazwelonke.
Kuzwelonke, onyakeni olandelayo, i-Alaska yaba nenkathi yayo yokudoba i-salmon ebomvana embi kakhulu emashumini amane eminyaka. Inhlekelele yenhlangano isimemezelo yaze yakhishelwa ukunikeza abadobi bama-salmon impumuzo ethile, ihlehlisa ukukhokhwa kwemali mboleko. Ngalowo nyaka futhi wabona ukufa okukhulu kaMurres, inyoni yasolwandle encane, eyake yaqoshwa esifundazweni.
Imithelela yokuphazamiseka kwesimo sezulu ebangelwa abantu kade yaqashelwa kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Pacific, amanzi ayo athinteke ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu ayefudumala ukuze aqophe amazinga okushisa ngalowo nyaka. Yize lokhu ngokusobala kwaba neqhaza ezenzakalweni ezinjalo, imuphi umthelela wokuvivinya amasosha asolwandle obe nawo kulo lonke elaseGulf of Alaska namanje akwaziwa, ngokwengxenye ngoba iNavy yenqaba ngo-2015 - njengoba izophinda futhi kulo nyaka - ukuvumela izibukeli ezizimele emikhunjini yayo noma baqhube izifundo zokulandelela ezigxile ekutheni imidlalo yabo yempi ibe nomthelela kanjani emvelweni nasezimpilweni zasolwandle.
Ukuphikiswa kwendawo kunamandla, njengoba 10 Imiphakathi yase-Alaska ina kuphasiswe izinqumo icela ukuthi i-Navy ihambise isikhathi nendawo ye-Northern Edge 2017 kanye nayo yonke imicimbi yesikhathi esizayo yokuqeqeshwa iye ekwindla noma ezinyangeni zasebusika kanye naphesheya kwezilwandle ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wazo ekudobeni nasekufudukeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimeya ze I-Cordova, I-Girdwood, I-Tenakee Springs, Futhi Valdez wathumela izincwadi kuSenator uMurkowski, ecela ukuthi acele Umbutho Wamasosha Asolwandle ukuthi uthuthe i-NE 17. Ilungu lephalamende, lalingeyena neze umgxeki wezempi, noma kunjalo. wabhala unobhala weNavy ngoSepthemba odlule "ukuveza ukukhathazeka ngendlela iNavy esondela ngayo ekubambeni iqhaza kwayo eNorthern Edge 2017," futhi esibizwa ukuntuleka kokuqondisa kwezindaba zomphakathi zasolwandle โokukhathaza kakhulu.โ
Umsizi kaNobhala weNavy uDennis McGinn Waphendula, "Ngivuma kalula ukuthi besingenza umsebenzi ongcono ukufinyelela kubabambiqhaza okungenzeka bathinteke kuze kufike ku-NE 15."
UStolarcyk unguDavide ngempela ekhuphuka ngokumelene noGoliyati wezempi. Ukuzinikela kwakhe kulesi sifunda seplanethi bekulokhu kungantengantengi futhi kusaqhubeka.
โUngahlala kanjani kule ndawo futhi uzizwele bonke lobu buhle kodwa ungatholi ukuthi lokhu kuyigugu kangakanani,โ ebuza ngomfutho ovamile njengoba sihamba eduze kwetheku ledolobha lakubo futhi izinkozi ezinempandla zindiza ngaphezu kwethu. โNgiyithanda kakhulu le ndawo, futhi angikwazi nokuzivumela ukuthi ngizwe yonke imizwa yami uma ngilungisa lolu daba, ngoba ngeke ngikwazi ukusebenza.โ
Ilanga lantambama seliqala ukusho ukuthi sekuhlwile njengoba ligqolozele emanzini eGulf, liphefumula kaningi, bese lithi, โKufanele sivikele indlela yethu yokuphila lapha, ngoba uma singakwenzi. , ubani omunye ozokwenza? Uma iNavy icekela phansi iGulf of Alaska, ingavele ihambe, kube yithina okumele siphile nanoma yini esele.โ
"I-Navy Ibalekela Ukubulala"
Uhambo lwami lokuya e-Alaska ngiyobika ngemidlalo yempi ezayo lwaqala edolobheni elincane lase-Girdwood, eliwuhambo lwemizuzu engu-40 ngemoto empumalanga ye-Anchorage. Lapho, mina noStolarcyk sahlangana nozakwabo, uChristina Hendrickson, njengoba babeqhubeka nemizamo yabo yokucindezela isimiso seButho Lamasosha Lasemanzini lemidlalo yempi ngaphandle kwenkathi eyinhloko yezilwane zasendle. U-Hendrickson, ochwepheshe bezomthetho wezemvelo, wayengusonkontileka wangaphambili wezokuvikela. Njengabameli ababili be-high-octane ngaphambi kwecala elikhulu, yena noStolarcyk baqala ukukhuluma imayela ngomzuzu mayelana nokuthi umnyakazo wabo olandelayo kufanele ube yini.
Bangikhulisa ngesivinini ekuqondisweni kwakamuva kweNavy kulokho manje osekuyimpi yokukhangisa eNorthern Edge 17 kanye nendlela izikhulu zayo ezikhethe ngayo ngokusemthethweni โukusebenza nababambe iqhaza.โ Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba uHendrickson engikhomba, โbenqabile ukuhlangana no-Emily kanye namiโ - futhi, njengoba kwenzeka ngaleso sikhathi, nami. Ngisanda kuxhumana noKaputeni u-Anastasia Schmidt, umqondisi wezindaba zomphakathi we-Alaska Command e-Anchorage, ukuhlela umhlangano futhi isicelo sami sanqatshwa.
Ngeshwa, njengoba u-Hendrickson ebonisa, izimvume ezicelwe yi-Navy Navy kuzo zombili i-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration kanye ne-National Marine Fisheries Service zivumela ukuthi balwe izinhliziyo zabo eGulf iminyaka emihlanu ezayo ngaphandle kokuthatha umthwalo omncane wokuhlaziya. umthelela ongaba khona wezenzo zabo noma ukubhekana nenqwaba yezinhlobo zezilwane ezifudukayo endaweni phakathi nesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa. Nakuba labo abadoba lapha kufanele bahambisane nezindinganiso zemvelo, i-Navy ayidingi.
โCabanga unomngane ongumdobi wokuziphilisa,โ kusho uHendrickson, โobuka amanetha akhe inkathi ngayinye, futhi ngezikhathi zonyaka izitimela zeNavy zibonakala zincane izinhlanzi kuwo, futhi mincane imikhomo ebuyayo. , bese kuba khona i-Murre enkulu efayo. Kunama-sea otters agulayo noma ama-sea otter angabuyi nhlobo. Kusobala kimina ukuthi iNavy ayiwahlanganisi la machashazi.โ
Ngiyambuza ukuthi yini ngempela emqhubayo kulolu daba bese egqolozela ngefasitela ezihlahleni ezisagqunywe yiqhwa, bese engibheka ngifile emehlweni bese ethi, โIbutho Lempi Yezempi liyabaleka ngokubulala futhi lokho kuyangicasula.โ
โUma Ihamba, Ibhukuda, Noma Ikhasa, Ngiye Ngayidobaโ
Mina no-Stolarcyk sindiza siye e-Kodiak Island lapho sihlangana khona no-Tom Lance, umqondisi wemithombo yemvelo wesizwe sakwaSun'aq. Silapho ukuze bobabili bakwazi ukwenza isethulo ku-Borough Assembly yesiqhingi ngethemba lokukhuthaza omunye umphakathi wase-Alaska ukuthi ukhiphe isinqumo esiphikisana nesikhathi sokuzivocavoca.
Mina noLance sihlala phansi endaweni yokudlela emaphethelweni edolobha futhi ngokushesha uqala ukuchaza izidumbu zomkhomo ezinkulu ezintanta eGulf of Alaska ngemuva kweNorthern Edge 15, eziningi zazo ezigezeke ogwini e-Kodiak.. Njengoba ebonisa, ngaphambi nje kokuba leyo midlalo yempi iqale, izizwe zamaSun'aq nama-Afognak โzayala iDOD [uMnyango Wezokuvikela] ngokungahloniphi abantu bazo nezinsiza zabo, futhi zafuna ukuba i-NE 15 ingenzeki. Ibutho Lezempi latshela abamele umkhandlu wesizwe ukuthi, 'ngiyabonga.'โ
Ngemuva kokushaywa umoya, izizwana zacela omunye umhlangano, okwenzeka ngemuva kokuphela kokuzivocavoca. Ngaleso sikhathi, baphikelela ukuthi iNavy ishintshe isizini yesethi elandelayo yokuzivocavoca ibe sekwephuzile ekwindla noma ebusika kanye nendawo. โOmunye umbandela wawuwukuba balandise ngokuthathwa kwezinhlanzi [okungukuthi, ukuphazamiseka noma ukucekelwa phansi kwenani lezinhlanzi], njengokungathi umsebenzi wokudoba ngenjongo yokudayisa lapho benikezwa inani elivumelekile lokudotshwa. Kulokhu baphendule ngokuthi abazivuni izinhlanzi, pho kungani kufanele balandele lokho?โ
ULance uthi: โNgokwami โโukubona, ngibona ukukhungatheka okuncane phakathi kwezizwe nomphakathi wabadobi ngokuthi iButho Lasolwandle lizokwenza lokho elizokwenza kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sithini.โ Uphuza ikhofi okokugcina abese ephetha ngokuthi, โWonke umuntu ugxile kakhulu ekugijimeni okufushane njengamanje, bayakhohlwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma singalulondolozi ulwandle njengendawo esingafuya kuyo, ngeke sikwazi ukuzondla ngokuzayo.โ
Kamuva, ngivakashela no-Alexus Kwachka, umdobi wezohwebo wase-Kodiak iminyaka engu-30 edlule. Ibhere lomuntu, ungixhawula ngamandla lapho engingenisa emzini wakhe, obheke itheku elikhulu lase-Kodiak. Lapho ngimbuza ukuthi udobani, uyaphendula, โUma ihamba, ibhukuda noma ikhasa, ngiyidobile.โ
Akachithi sikhathi elandela iNavy. โNgingabaza isikhathi sabo. Bathi abafuni ukuqeqesha ebusika kunalokho bakuhlelela ngesikhathi esikhulu kunazo zonke izilwane zasolwandle nezinyoni ezifudukayo lapha.โ Uyangiqinisekisa ukuthi abadobi esiqhingini baya besaba kakhulu ngezinhlelo zeButho Lasolwandle kanye nomthelela walo ezindleleni zabo, nakuba โabantu balapha bethanda izwe futhi besekela amasosha.โ
Ngaphambi kweNorthern Edge 15, uKwachka uklelise isikebhe sakhe nenqwaba yabanye ethekwini ngenhloso yokubhikisha. Manje, ukhathazekile futhi futhi uzizwa edelelekile ngokuthi amasosha alibheki izwi lakhe njengelifanele ukulalelwa. Uthi ngokugcizelela, โSikhathazekile ngeqiniso lokuthi bavunyelwe ukuletha izikebhe eziningi futhi baqhumise udoti yonke indawo.โ Uma benza lokho, uyangitshela, imiphumela emibi โqala ngabafana abancane bese bedlulela kuyo yonke iwebhu yokudla, okungesinye isizathu sokungakwenzi eNtwasahlobo lapho izinhlanzi ezidla ukudla zizalana zombili futhi zihamba. Akusona isikhathi esihle sokwethula ubuthi futhi uqhumise izinto phezu kwabo. Amakhemikhali aphuma kulokho kuqhuma angena engosini yokudla futhi adliwe noma amunce izinhlanzi.โ
โUkuphepha Kokudla Kuwukuphepha Kwezweโ
Ngalobo busuku, mina no-Stlarcyk, uLance, siya e- Isifunda sase-Kodiak Island ukwakha umhlangano wabo. Ekamelweni elincane, eliminyene elingaphansi, amalungu amaningana omhlangano azungeze itafula, kuyilapho sonke sihlezi ezihlalweni ezigudle izindonga.
Bobabili banikeza izinkulumo zabo ezimfushane ngombukiso wama-slide. Uma sebeqedile nje, uKhansela uMat Van Deale uveza ukuthi uzoxhasa lesi sinqumo abasifunayo, wengeza ngokuthi, โUkuphepha kokudla kuwukuvikeleka kwezwe futhi siyidolobha elidobayo.โ Ikhansela lesibili lisabela kahle esinqumweni njengoba abanye bevuma ngekhanda.
Kusenjalo, uKhansela uKyle Crow uyakhuluma, ebuza usongo lwemfucuza enobuthi. โNgiyazi ukuthi imfucuza eyingozi ichazwa kanjani futhi ngike ngabona abantu bememezela isigxobo sikakhonkolo esinopende kapende njengodoti oyingozi.โ U-Stolarcyk uhlela ngokushesha isilayidi asevele ebonisiwe esibonisa ishadi elithathwe ku-Navy's. isitatimende somthelela kwezemvelo okubonisa ukuthi amathani angaphezu kwamahlanu ezinto ezinobuthi angangeniswa ezindaweni zokudoba ezivundile zaseGulf isikhathi ngasinye lapho uMbutho Wasolwandle uqhuba umcimbi wokuqeqesha.
UCrow uphinde abuze ubungozi bokusebenzisa i-sonar kwe-Navy, eqhathanisa nezabo nalokho akusebenzisa esikebheni sakhe sokudoba. Futhi, u-Stolarcyk udonsa isilayidi esibonisa ukuthi i-sonar ye-Navy ikhiqiza ukuqhuma okuzwakalayo okufika kuma-decibel angu-235 - abantu baqala ukuhlushwa ukuzwa ngama-decibel angu-85 - ahamba izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ngaphesheya kolwandle. I-Crow inqekuzisa ikhanda ephendula ulwazi olusha, njengoba iphuma ngokuqondile Amadokhumenti e-Navy.
Ikhansela uLarry LeDoux ube esecela ukuthi umhlangano uzwe uhlangothi lweNavy endabeni futhi ugcizelela ukuthi imidlalo yempi enjalo iyadingeka, njengoba kunjalo ukuhlola imicibisholo vele kwenzeka e-Kodiak, ngenxa yekhono leNorth Korea lokufinyelela e-United States ngomcibisholo. (Hhayi ukuthi kusengenzeka.)
Naphezu kwalezi zihibe, iningi lomhlangano libonakala livumelana nesinqumo.
Ngakusasa ekuseni uLance uthumela i-imeyili ayithumele kukhansela uVan Deale, embonga ngokuvolontiya ukuxhasa lesi sinqumo. โKunzima ukuqonda,โ ebhalela uVan Deale, โindlela abanye abantu kuhulumeni wasekhaya wase-Kodiak (nangaphandle) abangabethembi abanye abasebenzela ukuvikela ukusimama kwazo kanye izinsiza ezakhe umnotho ofanayo namagugu e-Kodiak Archipelago!โ
Emasontweni amabili kamuva, i-Kodiak yaba umphakathi we-10 wase-Alaskan ukudlulisa isinqumo esiphikisana nesikhathi nendawo yokuzivocavoca kweNavy.
Ngosuku olulandelayo, ku-a Incwadi kubaphathi beNavy's Pacific Fleet kanye ne-US Pacific Command, uSenator Murkowski, ophinde abe ngusihlalo weKomidi LeSigele Lamandla Nezemvelo, ucele ukuthi iNavy "icabangisise" ngokushintsha isikhathi semidlalo yempi ka-2019 futhi ukuhambisa indawo yabo ngenxa yethonya empilweni yasolwandle. "Ngilindele ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga nabaholi abaphezulu lapho uMbutho Wezempi Wezempi uvela phambi kweKomidi Elingaphansi Lesabelo Sezokuvikela ngenyanga ezayo," ebhala.
โAsazi Nje Ukuthi Kuzoba Kubi Kangakananiโ
I-Cordova iyisithombe salokho i-Alaska yasogwini eyake yaba yiyo. Ayikho imikhumbi yokuhamba futhi imboni yokudoba isaphethe idolobha, nakuba ezinye zezindawo zokudoba zaqedwa ngo-1989 ngesikhathi umkhumbi wamathangi. I-Exxon Valdez kuchitheke okungenani Amamitha ayizigidi ezingu-11 kawoyela ongahluziwe futhi abakaze balulame.
Eminyakeni emibili edlule, ngahlangana noJames Wiese lapha. Ungunjiniyela kumkhumbi wokucwaninga we-Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Ungumatilosi wesizukulwane sesithathu waseCordova, futhi uyikhansela ledolobha lendawo. Ngaleso sikhathi wayesezwakalisa ukwesaba ukuthi ngelinye ilanga izingane zakhe zingase zingakwazi ukudla ukudla okuphuma kula manzi. Ubuyele esihlokweni muva nje, engitshela ukuthi, โNoma ubani ozama ukudla ukudla kwasolwandle lapha uyazi ukuthi yonke into intekenteke kangakanani futhi ukhathazeke kakhulu ngokuthi kuzokwenzekani ngakho ngoba kuyingxenye yempilo yabo yansuku zonke.โ Ubuye wengeza ngokuthi, emnyangweni wakhe, inqwaba yozakwabo isekela izinqumo zokucela uMbutho Wezempi Wasolwandle ukuthi uguqule izinhlelo zawo.
Uyangiqinisekisa, uCordova, "uphikisana kakhulu nokuqeqeshwa" futhi akakholwa namanje ukuthi iNavy ayikwazi ukuthola isikhathi sokuzivocavoca lapho i-salmon kanye nayo yonke impilo yasolwandle eGulf ingekho. ukuphakama kwawo. โIngosi yokudla futhi uma i-salmon ihlolwa futhi ibonise ukungcola okuvela eMbuthweni Wezempi, konke kusengozini. Kunezindawo eziphephile lapho lezi zivivinyo zeNavy zenzeka. Kudingeka bakuqaphele lokho okubathintayo.โ
UClay Koplin uyimeya yaseCordova. โKulula kakhulu,โ uyangitshela. โAmasosha asolwandle anesikhathi sonke sonyaka sokuzilolonga futhi akhethe isikhathi esibi kakhulu sokwenza umsebenzi wawo. Sicele ingxoxo ngethemba lokuthi sizoshintsha isikhathi,โ uyanezela, ephendulela izandla ekhombisa ukudideka. โIsebenza kanjalo ingxoxo. Besinethemba lokuthola indawo emaphakathi, kodwa kuze kube manje akukho okukhombisa ukuthi bazimisele ngokuthola leyo ndawo emaphakathi.โ
Ngalolo suku, ngihlangana no-Kelly Weaverling, umeya wokuqala we-Green Party owake wakhethwa kulelizwe. Wathatha izintambo eCordova ngo-1990, ngemva nje kokuchitheka kukawoyela i-Exxon Valdez. Owayengumatilosi emikhumbi-ngwenya ehlasela ngokushesha enuzi, manje useyindela yeZen Buddhist futhi ungumdobi.
Edlala ikhanda eliphuciwe futhi egqoke ingubo emnyama ye-Zen, i-turtleneck empunga, nezimbadada ezinamasokisi eboya, u-Weaverling ungena ngokuthula, nokho ngenhloso, njengoba ephume ngokuqondile ekuholeni umphakathi amahora amathathu. โLokho okwenziwa yibutho Lamasosha Amanzi, siyazi ukuthi kuzoba kubi,โ uqala ngomoya ophansi. โAsazi nje ukuthi kuzoba kubi kangakanani. Kulula kakhulu ukuqonda. Noma ubani angakwenza lokho.โ
Ngimcela ukuthi achaze futhi aphendule, njengokungathi ungiyala ngaphambi kwesinye sezikhathi zakhe zokuzindla, โIngabe into enhle, embi, noma engathathi hlangothi umbuzo. Noma yini oyenzayo izoba nomthelela, ngisho noma kungeyona intoโฆ Ngakho umbuzo uwukuthi, kuzoba namuphi umphumela? Isenzo se-Navy ngeke sibe nomthelela omuhle olwandle noma kunoma yiziphi izidalwa zalo. Kuzoba nomthelela omubi, asazi nje ukuthi kubi kangakanani.โ
โEgcekeni Lakho?โ
Ekugcineni, ngaze ngathola impendulo evela kuKaputeni Schmidt we-Alaska Command, owavuma ukuphendula eminye yemibuzo yami nge-imeyili. Ngambuza ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo uMbutho Wasolwandle owawuzithathile ngemva kwe-NE 15 ukuze unciphise umthelela empilweni yasolwandle. Uphendule ngokusho ngokungananazi nangaphandle kweziqu zokuthi izivivinyo ezintsha "ngeke zibe nemithelela ebalulekile empilweni yasolwandle," nokuthi Umbutho Wamasosha Asolwandle wawusuvele udlule "inqubo yemvume ebanzi nephelele" ne-National Marine Fisheries Service (njengoba injalo, empeleni, okudingeka kwenziwe ngokomthetho).
Ngazibuza-ke, kungani abaphathi bayo benqaba ukuvumela izibukeli zezilwane zasendle ezizimele ukuba zingene emikhunjini yazo ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa?
Ukwenza kanjalo, ugcizelele ukuthi "kuzoholela emiphumeleni engamukeleki ekulungeleni," impendulo eyinqaba inikezwe ukuthi ukuphela "komthelela" kungaba ukusetshenziswa kwesibonakude.
Njengoba i-Northern Edge 2017 isondela, into eyodwa icacile ngokwanele. Naphezu kokuphikiswa okwandayo e-Alaska, i-Navy iyaqhubeka nokwenza lokho ekufunayo emanzini aseGulf acebile, acebile ngokwebhayoloji. Ubani owaziyo ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokuba izingxenye zewebhu yayo enkulukazi yasolwandle ziqale ukutholakala ukuthi zinayo yini ubuthi beNavy?
Njengentatheli, ngichithe isikhathi e-Iraq futhi ngabona umonakalo umbutho wezempi wase-US ongawuvakashela emphakathini mathupha. Kodwa kufanele ngivume ukuthi ngangingakaze ngilindele ukuyibona e-Alaska, izintaba zayo ezinde kunazo zonke engachitha iminyaka eyishumi yokuphila kwami โโngiqwala - lapho, ngenxa yeDenali (isiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke eNyakatho Melika), ngayithanda kabi le planethi. Njengomuntu manje njalo imibiko ngokuphazamiseka kwesimo sezulu, ngiyazibuza nsuku zonke ukuthi mangaki amashumi eminyaka engeziwe ezindawo ze-biosphere ezizohlala zikwazi ukuhlalwa. Ezingeni lomuntu siqu, lokho kwenza impi eqhubekayo yeNavy ngokumelene namanzi ase-Alaska kanye nezilwane zasendle ezikuwo ingabi nanembeza kimi. Futhi eminyakeni kaTrump, akunakwenzeka ukuthi umyalo omkhulu weNavy uzochitha isikhathi esiningi ukhathazekile ngomonakalo ongase ubangelwe yimidlalo yawo yempi.
Kwabaningi baseMelika, i-Alaska, vele, iyindawo ekude, ecishe ibe yinganekwane. Kodwa ungakhohliswa. E-Alaska, kunesifundo esibanzi esingasifunda kule midlalo yempi. U-Christina Hendrickson uveza iphuzu ngendlela ekhuluma ngokugqamile kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami โโkwempilo. "Uma i-Navy ikwazi ukufika kule ndawo ebalulekile, ephilayo, emvelweni nakwezomnotho futhi iqeqeshelwe impi emijikelezweni emithathu yokuqeqeshwa ethatha iminyaka eyisithupha futhi ingahlanganisi imiphakathi yendawo," esho, "futhi uma sivumela lokhu. kwenzeka ezindaweni lapho ukuziphilisa kwenziwa abantu asebethembele kukho izinkulungwane zeminyaka, kungani lokhu kungenzeki emagcekeni enu?โ
Dahr Jamail, a TomDispatch Njalo, umamukeli wemiklomelo eminingi yokuhlonishwa, okuhlanganisa ne-Martha Gellhorn Award for Journalism kanye ne-James Aronson Award for Social Justice Journalism ngomsebenzi wakhe e-Iraq. Ungumbhali wezincwadi ezimbili: Beyond the Green Zone futhi Intando Yokuphikisa. Incwadi yakhe elandelayo izoba Ukuphela kwe-Ice (iNew Press). Uyintatheli yabasebenzi Ngaphandle. Lokhu kuhlanganisa TomDispatch/Ngaphandle umbiko.
Lesi sihloko sivele okokuqala ku-TomDispatch.com, i-weblog ye-Nation Institute, enikeza ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kweminye imithombo, izindaba, kanye nemibono evela ku-Tom Engelhardt, umhleli wesikhathi eside ekushicileleni, umsunguli we-American Empire Project, umbhali we Ukuphela KweMasiko Okunqoba, njengenoveli, Izinsuku Zokugcina Zokushicilela. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ithi I-Shadow Government: Ukuqapha, Impi Yezimfihlo, ne-Global Security State ezweni elilodwa elinamandla (Izincwadi zeHaymarket).
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I-Alaska neHawaii, zathathwa ukuze zisetshenziselwe izinjongo zempi. AbeLungu abahlala khona, njengamaMelika, ngoba beyithanda kakhulu le ndawo abazange bacele isivumelwano sabomdabu, bavele banquma ukuthi kwakuyilungelo labo ngoba bengabantu abalungile, akekho umuntu ohloniphekile owenza lokho. Abanaki futhi bahlambalaza njengamasosha abo. Okufanele babuyisele la mazwe kubantu bakhona.