I-US ibambe iqhaza elikhulu kuzo zonke lezi zinxushunxushu ngeqhaza layo lezempi, lezepolitiki nezomnotho emazweni abantu ababalekayo. Mayelana nenhlekelele emngceleni ngokwawo, yiqiniso ukuthi i-US inomthwalo wemfanelo ngamaphesenti ayi-100, kokubili ngokwemigomo yayo yokuthuthela kwelinye izwe eklanyelwe ukuguqula abasebenzi be-Global South babe yizisebenzi ezingabandakanyi ngokomthetho, ezixhashazwayo, futhi ngokwemigomo yemingcele yayo eklanyelwe ukwenza ubugebengu kanye nobugebengu. bajezise abafuduki, besebenzisa izindlela zempi ukuze babaphoqelele emigwaqweni eyingozi futhi evame ukubulala ukuze bangene ezweni.
Amadolobha athile, njengeNew York, Chicago, El Paso kanye neSan Diego, athi abhekene nenkinga yabafuduki. Ake sigxile eNew York, lapho kufike abantu bokufika abangaphezu kuka-100,000 ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule. Lokhu kuthutheleka kwabafuduki akujwayelekile ngokwezindinganiso zomlando, pho kungani idolobha lihluleka ukubhekana nalezi zibalo? Ngempela, umzamo wokusebenza uhamba kabi kangangokuthi iMeya u-Eric Adams yathi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule ukuthi “le nkinga izobhubhisa iDolobha laseNew York.”
Inani lezinto ezihlukile noma izinkinga ziyahlangana khona manje ezindaweni ezinjenge-New York noma idolobha lakithi i-Boston. Idolobha ngalinye olishoyo linenkinga yalo yezindlu, ebikhona ngaphambi kokufika kwabafuduki kwakamuva. Inqubomgomo yomphakathi, imboni yezindlu nezakhiwo kanye nemboni yezokuthuthukiswa, namabhange nama-ejensi abolekisayo babambisene enqubweni yokuqinisa ethatha indawo yezindlu ezithengekayo ngezindlu zikanokusho namahhovisi. Ukucwaninga ngemva kocwaningo kuye kwabonisa ukuthi abantu abampofu ngisho nabahola imali ephakathi abangakwazi kanjani ukuthenga noma ukuqasha kula madolobha. Umqondo wokuhlinzeka nokufunwa awusebenzi uma kuziwa ezidingweni eziyisisekelo zomuntu. Bonke abantu kudingeka izindlu, kodwa kunenzuzo enkulu ukuhlangabezana “nesidingo” sabantu abanemali eningi, ngakho ukutshalwa kwezimali kugelezela ezindlini zikanokusho. Ngakho, inkinga yezindlu eqhubekayo iyingxenye yendida.
Isiqephu sesibili ukushintsha kwemvelaphi yabafuduki. Ukufuduka kwabantu baseMexico naseMelika Ephakathi kunomlando omude e-US, futhi iningi labafuduki abaphumelela ukweqa umngcele bathuthela ngqo ezindaweni lapho benemindeni nemisebenzi ebalindile. Izindlu zingase ziminyene futhi zinganele, kodwa zinendawo yokuya. Kulo nyaka, ngokokuqala ngqá, abafuduki abavela eMexico naseMelika Ephakathi bahlanganisa abangaphansi kwengxenye yalabo abeqa umngcele. Abantu baseVenezuela bayiqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke njengamanje - futhi mancane kakhulu amathuba okuthi babe nemiphakathi esungulwe nemindeni engabangenisa.
Inkinga yesithathu izinguquko zakamuva zenqubomgomo. Izinguquko zakamuva zikaMongameli uJoe Biden zidale izindlela ezintsha zokuthi abantu bawele ngokusemthethweni - okuhle ngoba zehlisa izingozi zokuwela ugwadule - kodwa ngokususa abantu emigwaqweni engahlelekile baye emigwaqweni esemthethweni, kushiya izinhlangano zikahulumeni nezizimele zihluleka ukubhekana nabantu ngaphandle kwalokho bebezozinakekela. Ekusunguleni le migudu emisha uhulumeni wehlulekile ukubheka ukuthi kuzokwenzekani kubantu ngemuva bavunyelwa ukuba bangene. Ngakho, lalingekho icebo lendawo yokuhlala noma lokuqondisa izimvume zokusebenza kubantu ababevunyelwe ukungena ezweni ngokusemthethweni.
Okokugcina, uhulumeni wobumbano ubalekela umthwalo wakhe kwabafuduki ebavumela ukuba bangene futhi unethemba lokuthi amadolobha anenkinga yemali azovala igebe. AmaRiphabhulikhi anjengoMbusi waseFlorida uRon DeSantis athumele abafuduki emadolobheni asenyakatho, alawulwa yiDemokhrasi, ayephendula le nkinga yangempela eyadalwa abaphathi beDemocratic Alliance - ukuthi abafuduki abasanda kufika banezidingo, futhi amadolobha ngamanye awanazo izinsiza zokugcwalisa. zonke lezi zidingo. Uhulumeni wobumbano nawo unesibopho esiphelele sokwenza laba bafuduki abasemthethweni bathole izimvume zokusebenza.
Ngekhulu lama-21, abaphathi be-US abalandelanayo baye bakhawula abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, futhi abaphathi bakaTrump baphatha abokufika ngonya nangobulwane. Manje, abaphathi beBiden benze ushintsho olukhulu kunqubomgomo yendawo yokukhosela ukuze basize ukuxazulula inkinga yabafuduki. Ngabe izinguquko emithethweni yendawo yokukhosela zibathinte kanjani abantu abafudukela e-US?
I-Biden yenze izinguquko ezibalulekile ngokwenqubomgomo - kodwa lezo zinguquko kufanele zisebenze ngaphakathi komthetho wamanje wabokufika, ongashintshwa kuphela yiCongress. Izinguquko zenqubomgomo kuhloswe ngazo ukunweba izindlela zomthetho ukuze abantu abasemngceleni bafake izicelo zokukhoseliswa, kuyilapho kwenza kube nzima ngabantu abeqa umngcele ngaphandle kwemvume yokwenza lokho. UBiden uphinde wafaka ingcindezi enkulu eMexico, eGuatemala, nakwamanye amazwe ukuthi amise abokufika ngaphambi kokuthi bafike emngceleni wase-US futhi balwe nemingcele yabo, kanye nokuhlinzeka isiphephelo kwabafuduki abangabafuni i-US.
Mayelana nokwanda kokufinyelela okusemthethweni, iBiden ivule izinhlelo ezikhethekile zabafuduki abavela eCuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Ukraine nakwamanye amazwe “awusizo kwezepolitiki”, futhi yasungula uhlelo lwe-inthanethi lwabafuna ukukhoseliswa ukuze bamise izikhathi zokuqokwa ukuze zicutshungulwe. Isistimu ye-inthanethi ingase izwakale kahle, ngokomthetho… Kodwa abantu abaningi ababalekela izimo eziyingozi abanaso isikhathi sokulinda ngesineke ukuze kuvuleke i-aphoyintimenti. Uhlangothi olusha lwenqubomgomo entsha ukuthi iBiden yenze kwaba nzima ukuthi noma ngubani oweqa umngcele ngaphandle kwemvume afake isicelo sokukhoseliswa nhlobo. Le nqubomgomo yakamuva iwukwephula ngokusobala umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle komkhankaso wakhe uthembisa ukuphatha abokufika ngobuntu, uBiden uphinde wakhuthaza inkulumo nezinqubomgomo eziningi ezimelene nabokufika, okuhlanganisa nokuhoxiswa kwemithetho yezemvelo esanda kumiswa ukuze kunikwe amandla izingxenye ezintsha zodonga lomngcele.
Izinxushunxushu zabafuduki zibe nomthelela ekukhuleni kokunyakaza okukude. Eqinisweni, izinkinga zabafuduki azigcinanga nje ngokukhulisa izinhlangano zezombusazwe ezilwela ilungelo, ezimelene nokufika kwabantu kwamanye amazwe kodwa zize zaholela ohulumeni abalinganiselayo ukuthi bashintshe izinqubomgomo zabo kwabangena kwamanye amazwe ngokuba bona ngokwabo abephiko elifanele. Ingabe zikhona izixazululo zangempela zokufuduka?
Ngicabanga ukuthi ukukhuluma "ngezixazululo zokufuduka" sidinga ukuchaza kabusha inkinga. Ukufuduka akuyona inkinga: Inkinga ukuwohloka kwezomnotho, kwezenhlalo, kwezombusazwe nezemvelo okubhekene namazwe amaningi ampofu. Ukufuduka, empeleni, kuyisixazululo sabaningi.
EVenezuela naseCuba, unswinyo lwaseMelika kanye nokuketula kube neqhaza elikhulu enkingeni yezomnotho. Ukususa unswinyo ngeke kuxazulule zonke izinkinga zalawo mazwe ngokuphazima kweso, kodwa kungasiza ekudaleni indawo yezombangazwe nezomnotho ayidingayo ukuze athole izixazululo zangempela ezinkingeni zawo.
Abantu baseMelika Ephakathi bebelokhu bezama ukuxazulula izinkinga zamazwe abo izizukulwane ngezizukulwane. Izinkinga zisuka ezinhlakeni zezomnotho nezenhlalo zamakholoni ezinikeza abantu abancane ilungelo, ezibhekelela abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe, futhi zenqabele abantu abaningi abampofu umhlaba, abasebenzi, amalungelo ezemvelo, ezomnotho kanye nezenhlalo. Lapho abampofu baseMelika Emaphakathi bemelana nalezi zinqubomgomo ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, i-US yazibiza ngokuthi “izigebengu” kanye “nabaphangi” futhi yangena ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze ibuyisele ukuhleleka okufanele abatshalizimali. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, lapho abampofu bephikisana nalezi zinqubomgomo futhi befuna ukubuyisela ubukhosi phezu kwezinsiza zamazwe abo, i-US yababiza ngokuthi "amakhomanisi" futhi yathela ngosizo lwezempi ukuze bawaqede. Ngomnyakazo woguquko owachotshozwa ngeminyaka yawo-1990, i-US yakwazi ukuwenza amapharadesi abatshalizimali be-neoliberal. Okuwukuphela kwesixazululo esasala kwabaphucwa izwe nabaxoshwa kwaba ukufuduka - kodwa i-US ngeke ize isivumele leso sixazululo!
Umbuzo owodwa wokugcina: Yini oyibheka njengezinganekwane ezinkulu mayelana nabafuduki kanye nokufika?
Ngaqamba incwadi yami ka-2007 "Bathatha Imisebenzi Yethu!": Nezinye Izinganekwane ezingama-20 Ngokufika Kwamanye Amazwe ngoba ngicabanga ukuthi "bathatha imisebenzi yethu" ingenye yezinganekwane ezivame kakhulu neziyingozi mayelana nabokufika.
Ngempela, i-US kanye namanye amazwe acebile sekuyisikhathi eside esebenza ngesisekelo sohlobo lwezomnotho olumbaxambili: umnotho osemthethweni olawulwayo futhi, okungenani iminyaka eyi-100 edlule, unikeze izinga elilinganiselwe lokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi, ngezinto ezifana ubuncane bomholo, impilo nokuphepha, ukusetshenziswa kwezingane, kanye neminye imithetho. Khonamanjalo, emnothweni ongalawulwa, ongaphansi komhlaba, abasebenzi abanamalungelo asemthethweni nokuvikelwa.
Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1970, umnotho usuguqukile ngezindlela eziningi. Umkhakha wezimboni ezihlanganisiwe unciphile. Imikhakha eminingi emidala nemisha engakahleleki isikhulile, okuhlanganisa yonke into kusukela ekudleni okusheshayo kuya ekubukeni komhlaba kuya emikhakheni yamagigi kanye neyokulethwa kwezidingo. Futhi ezinye izimboni - ezinjengokucubungula inyama - zisuke emadolobheni ahlangene zaya ezindaweni ezikude zasemakhaya. Zonke lezi zimboni zazifuna abasebenzi bokufika (abahlala bengenazo izincwadi) ezingabaxhaphaza kalula. Abasebenzi abangenazo izincwadi, njengezisebenzi eziyizivakashi - sonke esinye isigaba sabokufika abavame ukuxhashazwa - mancane amathuba okuba bashiye umsebenzi noma baphakamise amazwi abo ngoba besaba ukuphendulwa futhi badingiswe.
Abokufika bathatha imisebenzi engafunwa muntu - abaningi babo bangabasebenzi, njengoba kwacaca ngesikhathi se-COVID-19, "babalulekile" enhlalakahleni yawo wonke umuntu, kepha abaphathwa kabi kakhulu, abakhokhelwa kakhulu futhi abasengozini enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, “zibalulekile” ngoba, njengoba iminyaka yabasebenzi base-US kanye nezinga lokuzalwa liyehla, ngeke sibe nezisebenzi ezincane ezanele zokwenza umsebenzi futhi zikhokhe izintela ngaphandle kwabokufika.
Enye insumansumane enkulu ngabokufika ukuthi bawumthwalo emphakathini ngoba basebenzisa izinsiza zezenhlalakahle kodwa abayikhokhi intela. Eqinisweni, iningi labantu abavela kwamanye amazwe (kuye ngokuthi isimo sabo esisemthethweni) alifaneleki izinhlelo eziningi zezenhlalakahle, futhi bonke abokufika bakhokha intela. Noma ubani osebenza emnothweni osemthethweni futhi athole isheke lokuhola uzodonswa izintela ze-payroll - intela yeholo, isivikelo sezenhlalakahle, i-workers comp, njll. Abokufika abangenazo izincwadi abasebenzisa amaphepha amanga bakhokha lezo zintela kodwa abasoze bakwazi ukuthola izinzuzo.
Le ngxoxo ihlelwe kalula ukuze icace.