okufushane umnyuziki ngezithombe
Baghdad , Juni 6 - Ngokwakhiwa kabusha kwesistimu yokuhlanza nokusatshalaliswa kwamanzi enganele endaweni lapho kumile cishe kuyo yonke indawo emaphakathi ne-Iraq, ezinye izakhamuzi zase-Baghdad zisele zingenakho ukukhetha ngaphandle kokuphuza amanzi angcoliswe kakhulu eMfuleni iTigris. Ngaphandle kwenhlangano esanda kumiswa yase-Iraqi engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni egxile ekuhlanzeni ingxenye eyodwa yomfula, akukho okuningi okwenziwayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukufinyelela kwezakhamuzi zase-Baghdad emanzini aphuzwayo, futhi osonkontileka baseMelika babonakala bengakwazi noma bengazimisele ukusiza.
Nakuba izindawo eziningi zase-Baghdad zikwazi ukuthola amanzi okuphuza ezikhungweni ezimbalwa zokwelashwa ezisebenzayo, izigidi zezakhamuzi zihlala zingenawo umthombo ohlanzekile nothembekile. Abaningi kakhulu balaba abaneshwa baphendukela osebeni olubolile lweTigris, ephuma inyoka enkabeni yeBaghdad iqoqa ubuthi njengoba igeleza.
U-Abdul Salam Abdulali usebenza emfuleni, esebenzisa umshini wokudonsa amanzi. Indoda yasemfuleni isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwayo, sekunesikhathi eside iqashwa inkampani emba iTigris enodaka, kodwa esanda kufakwa eMnyangweni Wezamanzi.
โNgishade namanzi,โ esho emi phezu komshini wakhe wokudonsa amanzi ngesikhathi untanta phezu komfula. โKodwa sekungcole kakhulu manje. Ngifisa sengathi ngingadla inhlanzi, kodwa uma ngiyivula ngizwa iphunga lamafutha.โ
Izakhamuzi zendawo empofu yaseBaghdad ebizwa ngokuthi iSadr City zivame ukuphoqeleka ukuthi ziphuze amanzi angahlanzekile asuka eTigris. Baphinde baphathwe isifo sohudo; abaningi kuthiwa bahlushwa yizinso eziphindelelayo.
Umthengisi wesitolo saseSadr City u-Ranzi Amher Aziz ujoyine ithimba labantu ababekhala ngokungabi bikho kwamanzi aphuzwayo kule mijondolo yaseBaghdad. โIsimo lapha sibi manje kunangaphambi kwempi,โ esho enanela izikhalo zabanye.
Abaningi lapha bathi ababoni noma yiluphi uphawu lokuthi i-US yenza umzamo wokusiza. U-Aziz wema eduze kwechibi lendle emgwaqeni. โAkuzange kube nomsebenzi lapha owenziwa ngabaseMelika wokusinika amanzi ahlanzekile noma ukulungisa inkinga yendle,โ usho kanje.
Amanzi omfula iTigris ayinhlanganisela exubile yezibulala-zinambuzane, umanyolo, uwoyela, uphethiloli nezinsimbi ezisindayo, kubika uDkt. Husni Mohammed, wase-Iraqi oneziqu ze-PhD ku-Environmental and Biological Science futhi uye wacwaninga ngesimo seTigris. Indle engahluziwe ixutshwa nezinhlayiya zamapayipi akudala kanye nezikhali ze-uranium esezicishiwe zase-US, kanye nezinsalela zamanani angenakubalwa amanye amakhemikhali akhishwe izikhali zaseMelika nase-Iraqi ezasetshenziswa kusukela ngeMpi YaseGulf yango-1991.
Esimeni esishaqisayo, ucwaningo lukaDkt. Mohammed seluphinde lwaphetha ngokuthi imfucuza yezempi yase-Iraq kanye neyaseMelika ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kuka-2003 yafaka uwoyela ne-benzene emfuleni.
Imiphumela yezempilo ye-benzene - isithako esitholakala kuphethiloli nakuphethiloli wejethi - yaziwa kakhulu futhi inzima. Ukuchayeka isikhathi esifushane kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu ohlelweni lwezinzwa kanye nokucindezela okukhulu kwamasosha omzimba. Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwamanzi ane-benzene kungabangela imiphumela yesikhathi eside ehlanganisa umdlavuza (ikakhulukazi i-Leukemia), ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa kanye nokulimala kwesistimu yokuzala.
Izinsimbi ezinzima emanzini okuphuza nazo zaziwa ngokulimaza isibindi, ubuchopho nezinye izitho ezibalulekile.
Okwenezela ezingozini, zimbalwa kakhulu izindawo zokukhuculula indle eBaghdad ezisebenzayo. Udoti ongahluziwe ovela edolobheni elinezakhamuzi eziyizigidi ezinhlanu ungampontshelwa ngepayipi lendle, udlule ngokuphelele noma yikuphi ukwelashwa, bese ugelezela emfuleni.
Izibalo zigcizelela ukuhlupheka okusabalele kwama-Iraqis. Izigameko zezifo zohudo, njenge-typhoid, dysentery nekholera, ziphindeke kabili phakathi kuka-August 2002, ngaphambi kokuhlasela okuholwa yi-US, nangonyaka kamuva. Ibikwe kanjalo iHhovisi Lokudidiyelwa Kwezindaba Zobuntu (OCHA), inhlangano ye-UN enikezwe umsebenzi wokuxhumanisa izimpendulo ezinkingeni ezinzima zobuntu. Amaphesenti angu-XNUMX azo zonke izifo zezingane ahlobene namanzi angcolile, kusho umbiko.
Esikhathini esingaphezu konyaka sisebenza, lesi simo asibonwa izakhamuzi eziningi lapha njengesithuthuke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, abanye sebeqalile ukuthwala umthwalo kanye nomsebenzi wokwenza izinguquko abakholelwa ukuthi zingalinda iziphathimandla zakwamanye amazwe noma uhulumeni omusha wesikhashana ukuba enze.
UShwaqi Kareem, umongameli weNational Association for Defense of Environment and Children (NADEC), wasungula inhlangano engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni (NGO) ngoba ebona sengathi sekuyisikhathi sokuqala ukuhlanza ingxenye engcoliswe ngokukhethekile yeTigris. Unethemba lokuthi uzowususa udoti, amise isikhukhula sendle egeleza emfuleni futhi akhe izingadi ngasosebeni.
U-Kareem uthe i-Tigris isesimweni esibi kakhulu manje kunangaphambi kokuhlasela, futhi usola ukungabi nandaba kwe-US ekunakekeleni umzila wamanzi obhekwa njengebalulekile ama-Iraqis.
I-NADEC idonsa abasebenzi ababalelwa ku-1,000 XNUMX, kusho umsunguli osebenzisana naye uSalim Kamel. Abanye bayakhokhelwa, kodwa iningi lingamavolontiya. โSithola imali kumasipala,โ kusho uKamel, โkodwa amanye amavolontiya angabanikazi bamabhizinisi abanikela ngemali.โ
U-Kareem uyanqikaza ukusebenzisana ne-Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) ekuhlanzeni; usola uMfelandawonye ngokuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zichithe udoti nendle yazo emfuleni ngonyaka odlule.
Usonkontileka okuxoxwe naye endaweni ephethwe yi-Coalition โGreen Zoneโ uhambe emazwini kaKareem. U-Awshalim Khammo usanda kushiya umsebenzi ngenxa yokukhungatheka ngemva kokusebenza ukuhlanza izindawo ze-CPA ngaseTigris. โNgazama unyaka wonke ukusiza ukuthuthukisa inkundla yesigodlo kanye nomfula ngaphakathi kweGreen Zone, kodwa izinto zaba zimbi kakhulu,โ kusho yena. UKhammo ukhale kakhulu ngokulahlwa kwempahla - akubiza ngokuthi "inhlekelele" - eduze nendawo yokugcina impahla yaseKellogg Brown kanye ne-Root namagceke asempumalanga yesigodlo sikamongameli.
I-Bechtel Corporation yaklonyeliswa ngenkontileka yokungabhidi, yezindleko kanye nezindleko ezingaguquki ngo-Ephreli 17, 2003 ebiza u-$680 wezigidi. Inkontileka eyimpikiswano yenza i-Bechtel nosonkontileka abangaphansi kwayo banesibopho sokuvuselela indawo yokuhlanza amanzi e-Shark Dijlah e-Baghdad, kanye Nesikhungo Sokuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile i-Kerkh.
Ukuxhumana okuphindaphindiwe neziphathimandla ezehlukene eziphethe ukufinyelela kwabezindaba kumaphrojekthi wokuhlanza amanzi akuzange kunikeze izimemo zokuqinisekisa inqubekelaphambili eyenziwe kunoma yiziphi izindawo zokuhlanza amanzi endaweni yase-Baghdad.
Incwajana ekhiqizwe yi-Bechtel ukugqamisa umsebenzi wayo e-Iraq mayelana nesimo samanzi okuphuza inika kuphela usuku oluphathekayo lokuphothula amaphrojekthi amabili, owodwa wawo ukuvuselela kanye nokwakhiwa kwamandla embonini yaseShark Dijlah.
Umsebenzi embonini, okuyindawo yesibili ebekwe eqhulwini i-Bechtel e-Baghdad kusukela ngoJuni 2003, kulindeleke ukuthi yenyuse amanzi aphuzwayo ngamalitha ayizigidi ezingama-225 ngosuku. Umsebenzi bekumele uphothulwe ngale nyanga.
Ngokusho the Washington Post, nokho, izikhulu zaseBaghdad zathi uBechtel uchithe izinyanga ezine efunda izinhlelo zokunwetshwa okwenziwe yinkampani yamanzi engaphansi kukahulumeni wase-Iraq, ekugcineni ephethe ngokuthi zamukelekile. Babe sebephinde bakhipha ama-oda afanayo ezingxenye ezifanayo kumhlinzeki ofanayo onjiniyela base-Iraqi ababezame ukuwathola kuye. I-Bechtel ilinganisela ukuthi izosebenzisa amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-16 kulo msebenzi, ukwenza umsebenzi njengoba kade kwenziwa onjiniyela base-Iraqi abangasavunyelwe ukubamba iqhaza.
U-Bechtel uyavuma ukuthi indawo yokuhlanza amanzi isalungiswa, kodwa uthi ukubambezeleka kubangelwa umthamo owengeziwe. "Sinweba umthamo wokwelapha wesikhungo ngamaphesenti angama-50 ngaphezu komthamo wokuklama, noma amalitha ayizigidi ezingama-50 ngosuku," kusho umkhulumeli wenkampani uFrancis Canavan. "Umsebenzi wethu kulindeleke ukuthi uphothulwe ekwindla."
UDkt. Abdul Latif Rashid, onguNgqongqoshe Wezamanzi e-Iraq, utshele i-BBC ukuthi isimo esingesihle sengqalasizinda yase-Iraq kanye nokuphathwa budedengu okudlule yikona okuyimbangela yezinkinga ezithile zamanzi abantu base-Iraq ababhekene nazo manje.
Umbiko we-UN we-OCHA wasakaza leli cala kabanzi: โIzimpi ezintathu neminyaka engu-13 yokujeziswa, kanye nokuhlasela koMfelandawonye nokuphangwa okwalandela, kuye kwaba nethonya elibi esimisweni samanzi sezwe esivele sibhidlika.โ
I-Kerkh Wastewater Treatment Plant - enye indawo yase-Baghdad e-Bechtel's Implementation Plan - okwamanje izama ukulungisa isimo, ngokusho kokhulumela inkampani, othe, "Ngesonto eledlule, i-Kerkh Wastewater Treatment Plant, esiyilungisayo, iqale ukuhlanza indle okokuqala ngqa. ngokuhamba kweminyaka, lapho ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yesitshalo iphinde yavulwa.โ
Ngesikhathi sohambo lwesikebhe emabhange aseTigris esithathwe ukuyohlola izindawo zokwelashwa, umsunguli we-NADEC uShwaqi Kareem ukhombe ukuchitheka okukhulu kwamanzi angcolile ansundu ansundu ageleza emfuleni. Umthombo walokhu kukhishwa okubi? "I-Kerkh Wastewater Treatment Plant," kusho uKareem.
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