4 Disemba 2006 - USolwazi Malcolm Willcock, ukunemba, izifundiswa ezimnene kunabo bonke ezafundisa umlando we-Fisk Latin kanye nomlando wamaRoma lapho ngifika onyakeni wesibili wempilo yeNyuvesi yaseLancaster ngo-1965. Wenza umbuso waseRoma waphila futhi nami cabanga ngaye namhlanje ekuseni - ngonyaka wokufa kwakhe - njengoba ngihamba emigwaqweni yaseRoma lasendulo futhi ngicabangisisa ngezifundo zombuso wakamuva, oyingozi nakakhulu.
UProfessor Willcock, kufanele ngengeze, wayeyisifundiswa samaGreki - wangethula ku-Achilles ehamba "ulwandle olumnyama lwewayini" - futhi wabonisa, ngokusho komunye wezazi zakhe zomlando, "indlela abalingiswa bakaHomer abaguqulela ngayo izinganekwane ezijwayelekile ukuze zisebenze njengokukholisayo. imibono yendlela amaqhawe okumele aziphathe ngayo”.
Manje lokho kusikhumbuza bani, ngiyazibuza? Ngempela, uMbuso WaseRoma ungikhumbuzani? Ngiyakhumbula, emuva ngo-1997, ngithatha izingcezwana zomcibisholo owenziwe e-US ngiya eWashington ngenhloso yokubeka izingcezu zensimbi phambi kwabakhi bawo. Ngaphawula encwadini yami yezenzakalo zansuku zonke ukuthi idolobha “ngalolo suku lwasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo lwalumuhle – inhloko-dolobha nezakhiwo ezinkulu zikahulumeni zazibukeka njengeRoma lasendulo…” futhi kuyiqiniso ukuthi abakhi baseWashington babefuna idolobha labo libukeke njengenhloko-dolobha eyaziwa kakhulu kaMalcolm Willcock.
Amasosha amaningana ase-US asebenza e-Iraq - okuhlanganisa nensizwa eyabulawa lapho ngonyaka odlule - aqhathanisa izimpilo zawo nezinduna zekhulu zamaRoma. Futhi akunzima, ukubuka abantu baseMelika begqoke ikhithi yabo yokulwa - izigqoko zokuzivikela zaseJalimane, izivikelo zomzimba ze-Kevlar eziphukile, amabhuzu athambile ansundu - ukubona ama-centurion ezivinini zabo zesifuba zesikhumba kanye nezigqoko zokuzivikela.
Singaya e-Iraq, umfaniswano wabo usitshela; singamasha sinqamule amazwe aseSumeri lapho impucuko kuthiwa yaqala khona; singayinqoba iBaghdad; thina (kwakungeyena yini lo u-Antony, osevele eseyi-triumvir) enye “yezinsika zomhlaba ezintathu”. Ngokuhamba kwezinyawo zaseRoma, izwa ukudlidliza kwethangi le-Abrams M1A1.
Kodwa ingabe imibuso ikhona ngaleyo ndlela? Ngangikholelwa ukuthi aqukethe isimiso sabo sokwesaba esakhelwe ngaphakathi, abahlasela labo okwakuzodingeka baqonde iCarthago delenda est. ICarthage (efundeka ngokuthi al-Qa'ida) kufanele ibhujiswe kodwa anginjalo. ngokuqinisekile. Ngicabanga ukuthi imibuso - yamaRoma, iBritish, iMelika - iyakhula ngoba kungokwemvelo yayo ukwenza, njalo futhi ibulale, amandla ezempi. Singaya eBaghdad, ngakho-ke sizoya eBaghdad.
USolwazi Willcock, ngiyakhumbula, wadonsela ukunaka kwami kuCrassus, loya usozigidigidi waseRoma owaqasha i-sestertii esuka emijondolo yaseRoma futhi ubuntu bakhe bathathwa ngokuyengayo nguLaurence Olivier kwifilimu ethi Spartacus. UCrassus wathatha amabutho akhe wawafaka kulokho namuhla esingakubiza ngokuthi ugwadule lwaseSyria-Iraqi lapho anqunywa khona amaParthian azalwa ngamahhashi (awafunda ngawo amaphekula ethu anamuhla aseSyria-Iraqi). UCrassus ngokwakhe wamenywa ukuba anikele izinkulumo etendeni lapho anqunywa khona ikhanda, i-cranium yakhe igcwele igolide futhi wabuyiselwa eRoma, ngendlela yase-Iraqi njengenkokhiso engcebweni yakhe.
Ngenkathi u-Scullard ebhala incwadi yakhe eyisikhumbuzo Kusukela ku-Gracchi kuya kuNero, ngokusobala - wayebhala ngawo-1930 - waba nomuzwa wokuthi uCaesar Augustus wayeyinguqulo yangaphambili ye-Mussolini. Izinguqulo eziningi zama-movie omlando wamaRoma - i-Gladiator izoba umzamo wakamuva we-Hollywood - ikhombisa amandla ombuso njenge-fascistic, nakuba lokho kungenabulungiswa eRoma. IRiphabhulikhi - iRome of the triumvirs - bekungumzamo wokwehlukanisa amandla futhi akulona iphutha likaCicero ukuthi uPompey, Caesar Augustus no-Antony - ababuyise izindinganiso zikaCrassus ogwadule lwaseParthian - behlulekile ukusindisa intando yeningi.
Lokho iRoma eyakwenza kwakuwumbono “wokuba”. Bonke abantu abanqotshiwe baba izakhamuzi zaseRoma. Cabanga, okwesikhashana, ukuthi ngabe kwenzekani e-Baghdad, ukube wonke ama-Iraqi ayenikezwe ipasipoti yase-US ngo-2003 - akukho ukuvukela umbuso, akukho mpi, akukho kufa kwabantu base-US, uthando kuphela kanye nesifiso sakhe wonke umuntu eningizimu- Intshonalanga ye-Asia izohlaselwa nguGeorge W Bush!
Ngake ngakubeka lokhu esikhulwini se-CIA e-Amara - yebo, yona kanye i-Amara eyawela ngaphandle kombuso waseBrithani ngenyanga edlule futhi uTony Blair azodla ifa lakhe njengobukhosi ngemva kokuhamba kwakhe - futhi wangiklolodela. “Asizile ukuze kusizakale bona,” wangitshela. O, kodwa sasinjalo, akunjalo?
USolwazi Willcock ube nesekela lomkhuzi oqavile emnyangweni weClassics eLancaster University, umfundisi obizwa ngoDavid Shotter, engimshayele ucingo izolo. UShotter wayevame ukuqhathanisa ukwanda kwamabutho aseRoma ne-Wehrmacht YaseJalimane eMpini Yezwe Yesibili YaseRussia, okufanayo manje asethanda ukukuthulisa. Ukhuluma namuhla "ngendawo yamaRoma ngesikhathi", ukudalwa "kwabantu abanamandla amakhulu" futhi - ngibambe umoya lapho esho lokhu phansi ngocingo kimi njengoba ngimi cishe amamitha ayi-100 ukusuka enkundleni yamaRoma - "kanjani ukunqotshwa kungaba kubi uma kudingeka." UVirgil wayesiqonda isidingo sokuzuza ezinzuzweni zokuthula. Ibutho lamaRoma, njengoba abaphathi balo bebuke i-Iraq namuhla, uShotter wengeza kancane, "bezothola indawo isimo esingamukelekile".
Yebo, amaRoma awazange ahlehle. Abazange “bagawule babaleke” futhi, lapho bake bavakashelwa isifo esifana ne-al-Qa’ida eBithiniya (eTurkey yanamuhla) lapho kwaqedwa khona wonke amadoda, abesifazane nezingane, babebethela izitha zabo. ukushabalala. Amalungelo abantu ayengazi lutho eRoma lasendulo. Igumbi lokuhlushwa laliyingxenye yempucuko yamaRoma. Isiphambano sasiwuphawu lwamandla.
Pho yini eyehlise? Inkohlakalo, kunjalo. Futhi ekugcineni, amaGoth, ama-Ostrogoth namaVisigoth afika eRoma. Buduze nalapho ngibhala khona lo mbiko, usengathola izinhlamvu zemali eziluhlaza, ezishile - i-sestertii - ziqoshwe ematsheni emakethe yaseRoma lapho zishiswa ngomlilo ngaleso sikhathi lapho "ezinye" - "alien". "ibutho, labo abangazange bamukele "izindinganiso" zamaRoma - bafika esithangamini ngokushesha abathengisi babengenaso isikhathi sokuvala isitolo.
Namuhla ekuseni, ngizobuyela emuva ngiyobheka lezo zinhlamvu zemali ezishile futhi. Kodwa kufanele ngizibuze ukuthi ingabe “amaphekula” - amaGoth, ama-Ostrogoth namaVisigoth - azovinjwa yini e-Iraq. Noma, mhlawumbe, vele behlala eWashington, behlukanisa umbuso wabo ngaphakathi. Ngisola ukuthi uMalcolm Willcock, umRoma ophakeme kunabo bonke, angase avume.
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Nikela