Enkulumweni ka-1962 enesihloko esithi "Umsebenzi Wezinguquko." UFidel Castro uthe,
Isifinyezo sephupho elibi elihlupha iMelika ukusuka komunye umkhawulo kuye kwelinye ukuthi kuleli zwekazi ... cishe abantu abane ngomzuzu babulawa indlala, ukugula okulapheka, noma ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Amakhulu amahlanu nanhlanu ngosuku, izigidi ezimbili ngonyaka, izigidi eziyishumi njalo eminyakeni emihlanu. Lokhu kufa kungagwenywa kalula, kodwa noma kunjalo kuyenzeka. Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabantu baseLatin America zihlala isikhashana futhi ziphila ngaphansi kosongo lokufa njalo. Ukuqothulwa kwabantu abaningi, okuye kwabangela ukufa kwabantu okuphindwe kabili eminyakeni eyi-15 njengeMpi Yezwe I. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, imali eqhubekayo ivela eLatin America igeleza ingena ezweni.
Cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu kusukela ekuhlolweni kukaCastro, kuwo wonke amazwe aseLatin America ngaphandle
Umsebenzi wawo wonke amavukelambuso ukwenza uguquko. Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-revolution izophumelela
Kuncane okushintshile mayelana nokuthi ubani futhi yisiphi isitha esiyinhloko noma ubukhulu bobugebengu obudinga ukulungiswa. Ngakho-ke kuncane okushintshile mayelana nokuphuthuma kokubusa kombuso kanye neo-colonial.
Kodwa kuthiwani "ngenkululeko?" Ingabe imigomo emihle inguquko okufanele iphokophele ukuba iguqulwe? Yini eyenza
Naphezu kwamashumi eminyaka yobushokobezi be-CIA kanye nokudukiswa kwezomnotho,
Noma ngabe ukubheka kanjani, ukubusa komuntu oyedwa ngeqembu elibusayo kuwubushiqela, noma ngabe
Ukuze asungule iminyaka yawo-1970, uCastro wamemezela:
Amafomula enqubo yoguquko awasoze yaba amafomula okuphatha…. Ukuthumela umuntu phansi esuka phezulu ukuze axazulule inkinga ehilela abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-15 noma ezingu-20 akuyona into efanayo nezinkinga zalaba bantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-15 noma ezingu-20—izinkinga eziphathelene nomphakathi wabo—zixazululwa ngokuvumelana nezinqumo zenhlangano. abantu, bomphakathi, abaseduze nomthombo wezinkinga…. Kufanele siqede zonke izindlela zokuphatha futhi sisebenzise izindlela eziningi kuyo yonke indawo.
(1 ) IQembu LamaKhomanisi laseCuba lilawula zonke izindlela ezisemthethweni zokusebenzisa amandla ezombusazwe futhi ngalokho liqinisekise ukuthi kunomugqa owodwa kuphela wezepolitiki waseCuba, oweQembu kanye nobuholi balo. Inkinga yokuqala iLeninism yezepolitiki.
(2) Ukuba khona yonke indawo kuka-Fidel Castro kushiya isikhala esincane sanoma yiziphi izimoto ezidumile ukuze zithole amandla angempela ahlukaniselwe phansi. Inkinga yesibili nguFidelismo.
(3) Ukuzimisela kwe
As
Kukho konke okufeziwe, umnotho waseCuba usekude "nokukhululeka." Abahleli, abaphathi bezifundazwe, abaphathi bendawo, kanye nochwepheshe balawula izinqumo ngenkathi abasebenzi benza imiyalo. Emnothweni owumphumela, isigaba somxhumanisi ophethe sihlela imizamo yabasebenzi futhi sabe iholo elikhuphukile, izinzuzo, kanye nesimo.
Kodwa-ke, njengakwezombangazwe, umlando wezomnotho waseCuba awuzange ulandele umkhondo olula. Imodeli yomxhumanisi ibilokhu ihamba phambili, kodwa bekulokhu kunomunye umoya obonakaliswayo, ngezinye izikhathi ngethemba, ngezinye izikhathi ocwaningweni lwangempela, kodwa ngokudabukisayo ungalokothi uholele ebudlelwaneni obukhululekile bezomnotho.
Ngo-1962 no-1963, bahlatshwa umxhwele yilokho abakubona lapho bevakashele eSoviet Union, futhi bengaboni ezinye izinketho,
Umphakathi omusha ohlelweni lokwakhiwa kufanele uqhudelane kanzima nesikhathi esedlule. Lokhu kuzenza kuzwakale hhayi kuphela ekwazini komuntu ngamunye, kusindwa yizinsalela zemfundo kanye nokukhuliswa okuhlelekile okuqondiswe ekuhlukaniseni umuntu ngamunye, kodwa nayiyo kanye imvelo yalesi sikhathi soguquko, nokuphikelela kobudlelwane bempahla. Impahla iyingqamuzana lezomnotho lomphakathi wobunxiwankulu: inqobo nje uma isekhona imiphumela yayo izozwakala ekuhlelweni kokukhiqiza ngakho-ke nasekuqapheleni.
Engxoxweni, u-Che wadelela ukusetshenziswa "kwenzuzo," "intshisekelo yezinto ezibonakalayo," kanye "nomqondo wempahla," ephikisa esikhundleni sokugcizelela ukuziphatha, ukuqoqa, ubumbano, kanye nesimiso sokusebenzisa inani ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zabantu. Akazange nokho alwele noma aphakamise udaba lokulawulwa ngqo kwabasebenzi ezindaweni zabo zokusebenza noma ekuthathweni kwezinqumo kwezomnotho jikelele.
UCastro wathatha isimo esifanayo sobuntu kodwa esingaphelele ethi:
Asisoze sakha ukuqaphela kobusoshiyali … ‘nophawu lwedola’ ezingqondweni nasezinhliziyweni zabesilisa nabesifazane bethu … labo abafisa ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokunxusa ubugovu bomuntu siqu, ngokunxusa umzamo wobuntu, abakhohlwa umphakathi, benza ngokuvumelana. indlela yokusabela, eyakha uzungu, nakuba igqugquzelwe izinhloso ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni, ngokumelene namathuba okudala umoya wobuhlali ngokweqiniso.
UCastro uvumile ukuthi izifiso zakhe zokulinganisa imali engenayo kanye nokuyeka ukuncintisana kanye nokugqugquzela umuntu ngamunye ngeke baqonde kwabanye. Wayazi ukuthi “ukufunda,” izazi zezomnotho “ezinolwazi” lokhu kuzobonakala kungqubuzana nemithetho yezomnotho.
Kulezi zazi zezomnotho ukugomela kwalolu hlobo kuzwakala njengokuhlubuka, futhi bathi uguquko lubheke ekwehlulekeni. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi kulo mkhakha kunamagatsha amabili akhethekile. Elinye igatsha likasomnotho `omsulwa'. Kodwa kunenye isayensi, isayensi ejulile eyisayensi eguquguqukayo ngempela. Kuyisayensi … yokuthemba abantu. Uma sivumelana ngokuthi abantu abalungiseki, ukuthi abantu abakwazi ukufunda; uma sivumelana ngokuthi abantu abakwazi ukuthuthukisa onembeza babo—besingasho ukuthi osomnotho ‘abanengqondo’ babeqinisile, ukuthi iNguqulo yayizonqotshwa futhi izobe ilwa nemithetho yezomnotho...
Eminyakeni edlule impikiswano yezomnotho ku
Usozimali, isazi sezomnotho esimsulwa, isazi soguquko ngabe sithi, `Qaphela, amarenti akufanele ehliswe ngesenti elilodwa. Cabanga ngakho ngokombono wezezimali, ngokombono wezomnotho, cabanga ngama-pesos ahilelekile!' Abantu abanjalo ‘banezimpawu zamadola’ emakhanda abo futhi bafuna abantu, futhi, babe ‘nezimpawu zamadola’ ezinhliziyweni nasemakhanda abo! Abantu abanjalo bebengeke benze ngisho nowodwa umthetho woguquko. Egameni laleyo migomo bebezoqhubeka nokukhokhisa abalimi inzalo emalini ebolekiwe; bebezokhokhisa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo nesibhedlela; bebezobiza imali yesikole; bebezokhokhisa izikole okuhlalwa kuzo mahhala ngokuphelele, konke lokhu egameni lendlela yokuphila ye-metaphysical. Babengeke babe nomdlandla wabantu, umdlandla woquqaba okuyinto eyinhloko, isici esiyisisekelo, sokuba abantu bathuthuke, abantu bakhe, ukuze abantu bakwazi ukuthuthuka. Futhi leyo ntshiseko yabantu, lokho kusekelwa kwenguquko kuyinto engalinganiswa ngamagama aphakeme ngokungenakuqhathaniswa kunokwengeza nokukhipha ama-metaphysicians.
Inkinga kube ukuthi isigxobo sangakwesokunxele, esikhulume ngokulingana, ubumbano, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo, kanye nezinxephezelo eziqoqiwe, siphinde saphikisana nokuhlela okumaphakathi kakhulu kunokuba kube nokuhlelwa kokuhlanganyela, okubandakanya intando yeningi eqondile emsebenzini. Futhi ubunzima lapha akukhona nje ukuthi okuthile okubalulekile akuzange kufakwe ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenkulumo-mpikiswano, kodwa ukuthi amagoli alungile anqotshwe kwesokunxele—ubumbano, ukulingana, ukuqoqwa—aphanjaniswe ukuthathwa kwezinqumo komxhumanisi kanye nokuhlela okumaphakathi. Lapho isigxobo sokunxele sidlondlobala ukuqhubeka kokuntuleka kokuhlanganyela kwangempela namandla ngabasebenzi kwakusho ukuthi umdlandla kanye nethalente labo akuzange kudalulwe ngendlela ababenethemba ngayo. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kweminyaka embalwa yethonya kwesokunxele phezu kwenqubomgomo yezomnotho, umnotho ekugcineni wawuzontengantenga, futhi ujike ubuyele kwesokudla-uhlale ukhuthazwa abeluleki baseSoviet abanikezwe amandla ngenxa ye
Lapho sibhekene ne-perestroika,
Enye edabukisayo futhi okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi bazohlala inkambo yamanje, bevikela ukuxhumanisa ngenkathi bezama ukulungisa ukuhlukumeza kwabo okubi kakhulu, konke egameni "lokuvikela inguquko." Lolu khetho lunezinkinga ezintathu ezinkulu. Okokuqala, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bekungeke kuvumele abasebenzi nabathengi ukuthi baphathe izindaba zabo ngokuhlanganyela. Esikhundleni salokho bekuzoqhubekisela phambili umthetho womxhumanisi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iphumelele kangakanani impi yokukhawulela ukwabiwa kwabaxhumanisi kwamalungelo ezinto ezibonakalayo. Okwesibili, esikhathini esifushane nesamaphakathi ngeke kwenze okuncane ukukhulisa umkhiqizo kanye nokwethembeka kubantu baseCuba emzamweni wokugwema ubunzima obuzobangelwa ukuhlukaniswa kwezomnotho okuqhubekayo. Okwesithathu, futhi esikhathini esifushane naphakathi, kuzokwenza okuncane ukuthola ukwesekwa kwamazwe ngamazwe, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokunciphisa ukuncipha kosizo lwe-Soviet bloc. Ubuhle, ngokombono we
Enye inketho ingeye
Njalo umnyakazo kanye namazwe abhekana nokukhetha okubalulekile okunomthelela womlando womhlaba. Lapho iSolidarity iqala ukuphumelela ePoland, yaba nokukhetha ukugcina ukwakheka kwayo kwesigaba sabasebenzi kanye nokugcizelela kwayo ukuphakamisa abasebenzi emandleni okuthatha izinqumo ngokusebenzisa izikhungo zezomnotho ezintsha, noma ukuxosha konke lokho ukuze kuphakanyiswe izihlakaniphi kanye nokwamukela izimakethe, ukuncintisana. , kanye nokufuna inzuzo naphezu kokushiyeka kwabo okusobala. Kuze kube manje, ukukhetha okukhululayo kukuhlehla.
Ngenkathi u-Jesse Jackson evuselela amandla amasha ngaphesheya
Manje
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela