I-Al-Qaeda - Ubani Omunye?
NgoMashi 23, i-BBC online yabika olunye usuku olunegazi e-Iraq:
"Bekuyisigameko sesibili sokuhlasela kwebhomu e-Iraq ngoMsombuluko, nokuqhuma kwangaphambili eduze nenhloko-dolobha. I-Baghdad, kwashona okungenani abantu abayisishiyagalombili.
"I-BBC uHugh Sykes, eBaghdad, ithi i-al-Qaeda isihlasele kaningi eDiyala kusukela ilahlekelwe ukwesekwa kwezinye izingxenye ze-Iraq."
(http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7959918.stm)
Isitha, ngokwemvelo, kwakungumuntu omubi emhlabeni wonke, "i-al-Qaeda". Eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule i-BBC yayizobamemezela "ngamaKhomanisi" noma "ama-Marxists". Sabhalela "indoda yaseBaghdad" ye-BBC ngalo lolo suku:
UHugh othandekayo
Ngethemba uphilile. Umbiko we-inthanethi we-BBC namuhla uthi:
"I-BBC uHugh Sykes, eBaghdad, ithi i-al-Qaeda isihlasele kaningi eDiyala kusukela ilahlekelwe ukwesekwa kwezinye izingxenye ze-Iraq."
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7959918.stm
Ibuphi ubufakazi bokuthi i-al-Qaeda, kunezinye izihlubuki, yiyo eyabangela lokhu kuhlasela, ngicela?
Izilokotho ezinhle
UDavid Edwards
USykes waphendula ngosuku olulandelayo:
Sawubona David
Abukho ubufakazi, kodwa ubufakazi besimo kanye nokucatshangelwa okunengqondo kokubandakanyeka kwe-AQI [i-al-Qaeda e-Iraq] - kakhulu imodus yabo yokusebenza. Ukuhlasela ngokuzibulala kuyindlela yabo yokusayina, futhi lokhu kube ukuqhunyiswa okumangazayo okuphakamisa iziqhumane eziningi - futhi, i-AQI kakhulu.
Futhi...ngubani omunye ongenza lokhu?
Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokuqeda, umlando wokuhlaselwa kwe-AQI ku-Diyala njll.
Futhi logic yayo Sunni Arab vs Iraqi Kurds. Njengoba indoda yaseJalawla itshele abeReuters:
"I-Al-Qaida ibhekise amaKurds ngoba ikholelwa ukuthi siyabandakanyeka ezinhlelweni zezepolitiki futhi sisebenzisana nabaseMelika."
Izilokotho ezinhle
Hugh
Lena bekuyimpendulo esheshayo nenomusa evela kuSykes. Kodwa siyangabaza ukukubiza ngokuthi ubuntatheli obubucayi. "Njengoba indoda yaseJalawla itshele abeReuters"! Lingachazwa kanjani leli zinga lobufakazi ekuphenduleni umbuzo obalulekile endabeni ebaluleke kangaka?
USykes wabhala: "Abukho ubufakazi, kodwa ubufakazi obuthile kanye nokucabangela okunengqondo kokubandakanyeka kwe-AQI."
Kodwa nokho lapho sibuza ukuthi kungani i-BBC yehlulekile ukubika ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali ezivinjelwe ngamasosha ase-US ekuhlaselweni kwabo ngoNovemba 2004 ku-Falljuah, umqondisi wezindaba we-BBC, uHelen Boaden, wasitshela:
"Sizibophezele kubuntatheli obusekelwe ebufakazini. Asikwazanga ukuthola ukuthi i-US yasebenzisa izikhali zamakhemikhali ezivinjelwe futhi yenza ezinye izenzo zonya kubantu base-Falluja ngoNovemba odlule [2004]. ukusetshenziswa akunakwenzeka." (I-imeyili idluliselwe ngabafundi abaningi beMedia Lens, ngoJulayi 13 kuya phambili, 2005)
I-BBC kamuva yakwamukela ukuthi ubufakazi obunjalo bukhona ngempela.
USykes uphinde wabuza: "Futhi...ngubani omunye ongenza lokhu?"
Abukho ubufakazi, ubufakazi besimo nje, ukucabangelaโฆ futhi akekho omunye umuntu esimcabangayo, ngakho-ke: "i-al-Qaeda iqale ukuhlasela okuningana".
Ukunganaki kukaSykes ngobufakazi kuyaqondakala. Ngomqondo othile kuseduze kwephuzu - izitha zaseNtshonalanga zibulala abantu, futhi izitha zaseNtshonalanga okwamanje zibizwa ngokuthi "al-Qaeda". Kwaba njalo. Njengoba uPiero Gleijeses, uprofesa wenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yaseMelika eJohns Hopkins University, asho ngeGuatemala ngo-1988:
"Njengoba nje umNdiya wayebizwa ngokuthi isilo esinonya ukuze athethelele ukuxhashazwa kwakhe, kanjalo nalabo ababefuna izinguquko kwezenhlalo babebizwa ngokuthi amaKhomanisi ukuze bathethelele ukushushiswa kwabo." (Gleijeses, Ezombusazwe Namasiko eGuatemala, Michigan, 1988, p.392)
USykes wayemane esho iqiniso lenkulumo-ze - ukuthi ungubani kuchazwa isenzo, hhayi i-ejenti. Ama-soundbite angamashumi amathathu esibili adinga inkulumo-ze kaManichean: 'Sibahle, babi.'
Uma singena emhlabeni wangempela, singaqagela mayelana, size siphenye, obani kanye nezisusa zangempela zabaqhubi bebhomu abazibulalayo.
Ngomhla zingama-23 kuSepthemba 2005, iCentre for Strategic and International Studies eWashington yakhipha umbiko owawusola i-US โngokufunza inganekwaneโ yamasosha angaphandle (okungukuthi i-al-Qaeda) e-Iraq, ayeyingxenye engaphansi kwamaphesenti ayishumi ukumelana bese kulinganiselwa ku-10. (http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/30,000/sep/2005/iraq.ewenmacaskill)
NgoMeyi 2007, intatheli engumseshi edumile uSeymour Hersh watshela iDemocracy Now!:
โNgiyazi ukuthi phakathi nenyanga edlule, mhlawumbe emasontweni amane, amane nesigamu adlule, [abaphathi bakaBush] benze isinqumo sokuthi ngenxa yokuncipha kokwesekwa kwempi yase-Iraq, sibuyela emuva Ikhadi le-al-Qaeda, bese siqala ukukhuluma nge-al-Qaeda. Futhi into elandelayo oyaziyo, ngemva kwalokho, uBush waya ku-Southern Command - lokhu kwakuyinyanga edlule - futhi wakhuluma, wabala i-al-Qaeda izikhathi ezingamashumi amabili nesikhombisa inkulumo yakhe...
"Ngokuphazima kweso, amaSunni ampofu ase-Iraqi, ngisho ukuthi, ngeke enze lutho ngaphandle kwe-al-Qaeda. Yi-al-Qaeda kuphela ewisa amabhomu futhi ibangele ukuqhuma. Akuwona amavukelambuso amaSunni namaShia noma amabutho. Futhi lokhu Inqubomgomo isanda kulandwa [abezindaba], nakuba singekho isisekelo esiqinile. Iningi lochwepheshe lizokutshela ukuthi izilwi zakwamanye amazwe zingamaphesenti ambalwa, bese zingenabaholi ngendlela yokuthi akukho ukuqondiswa ngokuphelele. Amasosha ahlukahlukene angaphandle.Ungawabiza ngokuthi ama-al-Qaeda.Ungawabiza futhi ngamajihadist namaSalafi afuna ukufa elwa namaMelika noma abahlali base-Iraq bese bewela umngceleโฆ akukho mzamo wokusikisela ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana okubalulekile la maqembu ka-bin Laden nanoma ubani omunye, futhi abezindaba bavele bathi gaga... Kuyamangaza kimina, bafo." (http://www.democracynow.org/2007/5/24/seymour_hersh_u_s_indirectly_backed)
URobert Pape, umbhali wencwadi ethi, Dying to Win: Why Suicide Terrorists Do It, wabhala ngo-2006:
"Ngicwaninga incwadi yami, ebihlanganisa konke ukuqhuma kwamabhomu angama-462 emhlabeni jikelele, ngaba nozakwethu babheka imithombo yaseLebanon ukuze baqoqe amavidiyo abafel' ukholo, izithombe kanye nobufakazi kanye ne-biographie yabaqhubi bebhomu be-Hizbollah. Kulaba abangu-41, sahlonza amagama, izindawo zokuzalwa kanye nokunye komuntu siqu. Sashaqeka lapho sithola ukuthi bayisishiyagalombili kuphela ababengabalandeli benkolo yobuSulumane, abangu-38 bevela emaqenjini ezombusazwe angakwesokunxele njengeLebanese Communist Party kanye ne-Arab Socialist Union; abathathu kwakungamaKristu, kuhlanganise nothisha wesifazane wasesikoleni esiphakeme oneziqu zasekolishi. bazalelwa eLebanoni.
"Lokho okwabiwe laba bahlaseli ngokuzibulala - kanye nezindlalifa zabo namuhla - kwakungewona umbono wenkolo noma wezepolitiki kodwa ukuzibophezela ekumelaneni nomsebenzi wangaphandle." (Pape, 'Esingakakuqondi nge-Hizbollah,' The Observer, Agasti 6, 2006; http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2006/aug/06/israel.syria)
Futhi ngakho impendulo yombuzo kaSykes: "Futhi ... ubani omunye ongenza lokhu?"? Noma iyiphi inombolo yabantu abazibophezele "ukumelana nomsebenzi wangaphandle" nganoma iyiphi inombolo yezizathu zezombusazwe nezenkolo. Yeka ukuthi kubi kangakanani, kulula kangakanani, ukuhlanganisa konke ukuphikisa ngaphansi kwegama le-bete noire enkulu yaseNtshonalanga, "al-Qaeda."
Yilokho Okusenza Sihluke Kubo
Njengoba sike saphawula ngaphambili, izintatheli ziyizilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu ezinomhlambi. Banezinzwa eziyinkimbinkimbi ezikwazi ukubona izinguquko ezincane endaweni yenkulumo-ze. Abahlaziyi njengamanje bazi kahle, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi i-United States imemezele ukuzimisela ukuxoxisana neTaliban e-Afghanistan - indinganiso yokugcina lapho izindleko zodlame ziba phezulu kangangokuthi izixazululo ezinengqondo zithathwa njengezincono. Akumangazi-ke ukuthi i-Guardian's Madeleine Bunting ikwazi ukubona izinga lobunkimbinkimbi kulelo zwe eliyincithakalo elingavamile ukubonakala ekubikeni okuvela e-Iraq:
"Okwengeza kulesi sidididi asazi nokuthi ubani isitha sethu nokuthi ubani ongumngane wethu. I-Taliban iyigama elibi elingasiza kakhulu kwezepolitiki yase-Afghanistan eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ehlukene phakathi yezizwe, imindeni kanye nesifunda. Lezi amaqembu ahlulela indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela isikhundla sawo futhi aguqule ukwethembeka kwawo ngokufanele." (Ubunting, 'Abaholi abakhombisanga isibindi sokuchaza ukuthi impi isho ukuthini ngempela,' The Guardian, March 23, 2009; http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/mar/23/afghanistan-military - ubuphekula)
Ukukhuluma namaTaliban akusho ukuqaphela ubuntu babo, nokho. I-BBC ibike ngenyanga edlule:
โIsibhedlela esiseCamp Bastion, okuyisizinda samasosha ase-UK eHelmand, kwesinye isikhathi selapha amabutho ezitha alimele.
โUNksz Gibbons uthe ukubelapha akuhlukile nokwelapha esinye isiguli kodwa wengeza ngokuthi abezempilo kumele baqaphele.
"'Ekupheleni kosuku ubengaba umuntu ojwayelekile," kusho yena.
"'I-Geneva Convention idinga ukuthi sinikeze izinga elifanayo lokwelashwa njengamandla ethu.
"'Mhlawumbe besingeke sithole okufanayo kodwa yilokho okusenza sihluke kubo.'" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/south_of_scotland/7912675.stm)
I-BBC ibone kufanele ukuthi ishicilele lo mbono wakudala we-propaganda yesitha (awekho amakhoma ahlanekezelwe adingekayo - izitha zombuso +kanye+ ne-BBC). Ubani ongaqagela ukuthi u-Anti Beeb akayena u-Big Brother, kodwa ngokusobala uzimele ekulawuleni umbuso?
Ukudelelwa kobandlululo kugxiliswe ngokujulile njengokubika. Owayeyintatheli ye-BBC (manje osekuyi-Al-Jazeera), u-Rageh Omaar, uchaza i-BBC โnjengeqembu labamhlopheโ. Kepha kunokuningi kukho kunalokho, njengoba u-Omaar echazela uMnakekeli ngo-2007:
"Umqondo. Nginecala ngandlela thize ngalokhu - ngafunda esikoleni sikahulumeni, ngaya e-Oxford. Ngikhuluma ezikoleni eziningi nezingane zaseSomalia zithi, 'Ngingaba kanjani intatheli? ngibe ngowasemphakathini ofanayo, kodwa anginawo amazwi akho.' Ngakho-ke kuyinto yekilasi kunokuba mhlophe ngempela. Kucashile kakhulu." (http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/feb/15/broadcasting.bbc)
I-MEDIA LENS: Ukulungiswa kombono ohlanekezelwe wemidiya yebhizinisi
Mashi 31, 2009
ISIXWAYISO SOBUMNYAMA: IZINGANE ZOBUMNYAMA โ UKUBULALA 'ZIZO' โ INGXENYE 2
Ukuze sikhulume kahle ne-BBC, ukuqaphela kukaRageh Omaar kuhlanganisa: bonke ubuntatheli baseBrithani "iqembu labamhlophe" elibuswa "into yekilasi".
NgoMashi, isikhulu sezindaba uRupert Murdoch uthole indondo yeNational Human Relations Award yeKomiti YamaJuda YaseMelika. Izinkulumo ezakhelwe phezu kuka-Murdoch zakhumbula amazwi embongi yobuBuddha yekhulu le-4, u-Aryasura:
"Lapho ubuhle bunikezwa njengegama kumuntu ongenabo ubuhle, bunomsindo nomsindo ozwakalayo, njengokungathi kuwukwedelela esikhundleni sokudumisa." (Aryasura, The Marvelous Companion, Dharma Publishing, 1983, p.127)
Indoda enethonya elikhulu kulokho izwe elikwaziyo nelikucabangayo yanikeza umbono weqhaza layo "ebudlelwaneni babantu":
"I-Hamas ibilokhu ithela amarokhethi kubantu bakwa-Israel. Njengazo zonke izigameko zokuhlasela kwamaphekula, inhloso wukusabalalisa ukwesaba emiphakathini ekhululekile, nokukhubaza abaholi bayo. Le-Israel ngeke ikwazi ukuyikhokhela. Angidingi ukutshela muntu kuleli gumbi ukuthi akekho ubukhosi. isizwe singahlala lapho abantu bakhona behlaselwa." (http://www.ajc.org/site/c.ijITI2PHKoG/b.5018279/k.7184/AJC_Honors_Rupert_Murdoch.htm)
UDavid Bromwich, uprofesa wezincwadi enyuvesi yaseYale, ubeka le mpikiswano ngendlela efanele:
"Sinikezwa isifaniso: abantu baseMelika bebengenzani uma amarokhethi exoshwa eCanada noma eCuba?... [Kodwa] amarokhethi kucatshangwa ukuthi afike kungazelelwe ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ukuminyanisa kweGaza Strip ngomhlaba, ulwandle, nomoya, ukwenqatshwa yi-US kaHulumeni Wobumbano WasePalestine, ukuketulwa kombuso yi-Fatah kwase kufakwa imali yi-US, okwagcina ngokuthi i-Hamas ihlwithe amandla - konke lokhu kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba amarokhethi awe esibhakabhakeni. isikhathi sangaphambi komlando." (http://www.zmag.org/zmag/viewArticle/20746)
Umqondo wokuthi ukubulawa kuka-Israel kwabangu-1,400 4 basePalestine kwakuhloswe ukumisa ukuhlasela kwamarokhethi kunzima ukuhambisana neqiniso lokuthi i-Israel yachukuluza ngamabomu lokho kuhlasela ngesikhathi iphula isivumelwano ngokuhlasela kwayo ngoNovemba 2008, 09 kwabulala abantu abayisithupha eGaza. Njengoba sixoxile (http://www.medialens.org/alerts/090204/XNUMX_the_bbc_impartiality.php), izisusa ezimnyama zifihliwe ngaphansi kwesidingo esimenyezelwe sokuzivikela.
I-Los Angeles Times ibike ngesonto eledlule:
"Ukuhlasela kwasebusika eGaza Strip kuvezwe ngokusemthethweni kwa-Israel njengomzamo wokuqeda ukudubula kwe-rocket ngamasosha e-Hamas. Kodwa amanye amasosha athi nawo afundiswa ngenhloso yokuvelela: ukuxosha abangewona amaJuda ezweni lakwa-Israyeli lasebhayibhelini. .
"'Lo rabi ufika kithi futhi uthi impi iphakathi kwabantwana bokukhanya nabantwana bobumnyama,' kusho usayitsheni waseziqiwini, ekhumbula impi yokuqeqeshwa ekamu. 'Umyalezo wakhe wawucacile: "Lena impi emelene nesizwe sonke. , hhayi ngokumelene namaphekula athile.โ Yonke le nto yaguqulwa yaba into ekholelwa kakhulu enkolweni futhi enoMesiya.'" (Richard Boudreaux, 'Orabi bebutho lakwa-Israel bagxekwa ngokuma ekuhlaselweni kwaseGaza - Amanye amasosha akwa-Israel athi orabi bezempi bahlasele amarokhethi e-Hamas njengeqembu. ukulwa nokuxosha abangewona amaJuda,' Los Angeles Times, March 24, 2009; http://www.latimes.com/news/la-fg-israel-holywar25-2009mar25,0,3336606.story?track=ntothtml)
I-LA Times yengeze ngokuthi:
"Ebufakazini obubikwe abezindaba zakwa-Israel nasezingxoxweni abe nazo neThe Times, omakadebona baseGaza bathi orabi bacebise amasosha ukuthi angabi nesihe futhi acele ukuthi amaJuda ahlaliswe kabusha indawo yasePalestine.
"'Orabi base bephelele kuwo wonke amayunithi,' kusho u-Yehuda Shaul, isikhulu sebutho eselathatha umhlalaphansi iqembu laso lamalungelo abantu, iBreak the Silence, linikeze ubufakazi kumakadebona aseGaza. 'Bekuhlelwe kahle impela.'
Kuncane noma akukho kwalokhu okukhona "kwiklabhu yabelungu," kuhlanganisa noMurdoch. Waxwayisa, esikhundleni salokho, ngombono wokuthi u-Israyeli wayesesikhundleni nganoma iyiphi indlela:
"Kuliqiniso ukuthi ukuphakama kwe-Israel kusho ukuthi ingenza iGaza ibe yisicaba uma ithanda. Kodwa umbutho wezokuvikela wakwa-Israeli - ngokungafani ne-Hamas - uziphendulela kuhulumeni okhethwe ngentando yeningi.
"Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiliphi iqembu eliningi, wonke uhulumeni wakwa-Israel uyazi ukuthi uzophendula kubantu bakhe kanye nomhlaba ngezimpilo ezilahlekile ngenxa yezinqumo zabo."
Nokho "umhlaba", ikakhulukazi i-United States, wavumela u-Israyeli ukuthi aqhubeke nokubulawa kwawo ngokunganaki. Waqhubeka:
"I-Hamas iyazi ukuthi ngandlela thize, abantu basePalestine abafile bafeza izinhloso zabo kangcono kunama-Israyeli afile. ENtshonalanga sibheka lokhu futhi sithi, 'Akunangqondo.' Kodwa kunengqondo.
"Uma uzibophezele ekubhubhiseni i-Israel, futhi uma ukholelwa ukuthi abantu basePalestine abafile bakusiza ukuthi uphumelele i-propaganda, wenza izinto ezinjengokudubula amarokhethi egcekeni lesikole sasePalestine. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi uma ama-Israel ephendula, cishe kuzoholela ekufeni. womuntu wasePalestine ongenacala - noma ngabe zingaki izinyathelo zokuphepha ezithathwa ngamasosha akwa-Israel."
Njengoba kuxoxiwe eNgxenyeni yoku-1, "yilokho okwenza sihluke kubo".
I-Financial Times inikeze isheke elingokoqobo lokuphawula kuka-Murdoch, icaphuna "imibiko eminingi embi" eshicilelwe ngeledlule emaphephandabeni akwa-Israel ngobufakazi bamasosha, okuhlanganisa nobufakazi bokuthi amasosha adubula izakhamuzi ezingahlomile. Abanye babike ukuthi banikezwe "imithetho exegayo yokuzibandakanya ebeka inani elincane ekuphepheni kwezakhamizi zaseGazan."
I-FT ibike:
โPhakathi kwezigameko amasosha akwa-Israel athe azoziphenya ngesigameko sokudutshulwa kukamama nezingane zakhe ezimbili, abayalelwe ukuthi baphume endlini yabo kodwa bengayiqondi imiyalelo yamasosha, baphambukela endaweni ababekuyo. Ukudubula okuhlukile komunye wesifazane waseGaza kuchazwe ngelinye isosha "njengokubulala ngokungemthetho".
"NgoMsombuluko, umbiko wethimba lamalungelo abantu le-UN wenze izinsolo ezintsha, okuhlanganisa nezinsolo zokuthi amasosha akwa-Israel asebenzisa izakhamuzi zasePalestine njengezihlangu zabantu ngesikhathi kuliwa. 'Ukwephulwa kwemithetho kwenziwa nsuku zonke, kuningi kakhulu ukuba kungabhalwa,' kusho omunye wamasosha. ababhali bombiko." (Tobias Buck, 'u-Israyeli uchitha njengoba ulaka lukhula,' i-Financial Times, Mashi 24, 2009)
Lokhu kubikwe ngalo leli sonto iphephandaba lakwa-Israel i-Haaretz elashicilela ngalo imininingwane yezithombe amasosha akwa-Israyeli azibhala emahembeni awayalayo ukuze aphawule ukuphela kokuqeqeshwa, noma umsebenzi wawo enkundleni:
"Isikibha sabadubuli abancane sinombhalo othi 'Sebenzisa kangcono iDurex,' eduze kwesithombe sosana lwasePalestine olushonile, kukhona unina okhalayo kanye nebhere eduze kwakhe. Isikibha sokudubula esibukhali esivela kubutho leGivati โโBrigade's Shaked siyakhombisa. owesifazane wasePalestine okhulelwe oneso lenkunzi ebekwe phezu kwesisu sakhe, enesiqubulo, ngesiNgisi, '1 shot, 2 kills.' Ihembe 'lokuthweswa iziqu' lalabo abaphothule esinye isifundo se-snipers libonisa usana lwasePalestine, olukhula lube umfana olwayo bese lube umuntu omdala ohlomile, olunombhalo othi, 'Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iqala kanjani, sizoyiqeda. '" (http://haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1072466.html)
Isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu uDkt. Orna Sasson-Levy, wase-Bar-Ilan University, ubeke amazwana:
"Lokhu kuthambekela kubonakala kakhulu phakathi kwamasosha abhekana nezimo ezihlukahlukene ezindaweni nsuku zonke. Kukhona ukucophelela okuncane kunakudala, nokwanda kokunganaki. Kunombono wokuthi umPalestine akayena umuntu, umuntu unelungelo kumalungelo ayisisekelo, ngakho-ke kungenziwa noma yini kuye." (Ibid)
Abafundi bangase babe nomuzwa wokuthi akulungile ukugxila ku-Murdoch. Ungowe-hard-right futhi, ngemva kwakho konke, kukhona i-spectrum. Njengomsebenzi kaMurdoch, uRod Liddle, ephawula ku-Times:
"Intando yeningi yenkululeko efanele yasentshonalanga imayelana nokwamukela zonke izinhlobo zobuphukuphuku obumangalisayo, ngisho nohlobo lwezinto ezivela kubantu okuthi, uma sithembekile, bazizwe besekhaya kakhulu bezingela emhumeni endaweni ethile emngceleni we-Afghan-Pakistani. sizonde, ngokungenakuthetheleleka. Kuwukuzonda okubonakalayoโฆ" (http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/rod_liddle/article5908258.ece)
Futhi, "yilokho okwenza sihluke kubo".
Singathatha kalula i-Spectrum Test ngokuphinda siphendukele ku-Guardian's Madeleine Bunting, ophawula ngesiphetho esimnandi kakhulu "sentando yeningi yenkululeko yasentshonalanga". Uyini ukuthatha kwakhe izilwane ezisesimweni somuntu ezingamaTaliban?
"Okucacile ukuthi lena yimpi elula yamaTaliban. Bangase baswele ubuchwepheshe bezempi kodwa ababudingi; abakudingayo ukubekezela, amadoda nezikhali, futhi banokuningi kokuthathu. Abanakho konke izithiyo ezibekwe abavoti baseYurophu ngezibalo zemizimba; ngokunganaki izimpilo zamadoda abo, bangasebenzisa ukufa kwabaphikisi kanye nezakhamuzi ukuze kuzuze. " (http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/mar/23/afghanistan-military-terrorism)
Umbono ka-Murdoch, ngamanye amazwi. Lona kube umusa owodwa osindisayo kubo bonke abamelene ne-Third World firepower yaseNtshonalanga phakathi neminyaka edlule - abaqapheli ukuphila njengathi. Singase sicabange ukuthi abanayo "impi elula" - sivuthela izinkulungwane eziningi zabo ukuba zifike umbuso, emva kwakho konke - kodwa lokhu kumane kuwukuveza ukuzwela kwethu kobuntu "kubantwana bobumnyama". Eqinisweni, ukunganaki kwabo isiphetho sabantu bakubo cishe kungaphezu kwamandla ethu okucabanga. Ngo-2006, umbhali wamanoveli uMartin Amis wachaza ukuthi i-Iran, โisitha sethu semvelo,โ ingavuma kanjani ukwamukela ukuhlasela kwezikhali zenuzi ukuze kufezeke amaphupho ayo amnyama:
"Banomuzwa wokuthi bangakwazi ukumunca lokhu kushaywa futhi babhubhise u-Israyeli." (Amis, Kuleli sonto, Okthoba 12, 2006)
Phela, izigidi ezimbalwa zamadoda, abesifazane nabantwana abashisiwe zingasho ukuthini โesitheniโ esingaka โesingenandaba nezimpilo zamadoda aboโ? Abanawo umzwelo ngabantu esibahlabayo njengamanje ezinkulungwaneni namakhulu ezinkulungwane - ngeke bathinteke ngokwengezwa koziro abambalwa.
Akudingeki ukuthi umuntu abe ngumelaphi okhokhelwa kakhulu ukuze abone ukuqagela kwangempela: "Bona" abakwazanga ukukhathalela izimpilo zabantu + esibahlaba + ngokunganaki. Futhi ngakho "bona", kunokuba thina, banecala. UCorporal Matthew 'Des' Desmond we-UK's 2nd Parachute Regiment uchaze ukuthi wadubula kanjani isilwi sase-Taliban ebangeni elingamamitha amabili:
"Akukho ukusondelana ngokomzwelo, ungazizwa ukhathazekile ngokudubula unogwaja." (http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2008/oct/26/military-afghanistan)
Ukuphawula kwenziwa, kuphawula i-Guardian, ngokumamatheka okubuhlungu.
Kuyaxaka - ngokungafani nhlobo "nesitha sethu semvelo", sihlanganiswe ukunganaki okuvamile ekubhujisweni kwaso.
Yebo, "ekupheleni kosuku" "wayengaba umuntu ojwayelekile". Isosha laseBrithani, okungukuthi.
I-Iraq Epidemiologist Body Count
Uma kukhona ukucindezela kwentando yeningi, kungokwezibalo+ zethu+ zomzimba. Imizamo eqotho yokubala imizimba yalabo โabahlukeneโ, โabantwana bobumnyamaโ, ibonwa njengezinsongo ezizohlaselwa, zigcotshwe, zibukelwe phansi futhi zichithwe โyintando yeningi yenkululeko yasentshonalanga efaneleโ. Ngakho-ke, abanye ochwepheshe abakhulu emhlabeni emkhakheni we-epidemiology bathola imisebenzi yabo ijoyina isibalo sabantu abalimalayo senkulumo-ze ye-hardball.
Umbiko we-BBC usibhalele (ecela ukungadalulwa igama) ecaphuna kwesinye sezaziso zethu zabezindaba:
Davids othandekayo,
"Ingabe izintatheli azifundile lutho emlandweni wakamuva?"
Impendulo, ngiyesaba, ayilutho.
Ngisebenza kwa-BBC World Service futhi le imeyili isanda kuthunyelwa njengeqembu kuwo wonke umuntu.
"UChris Booth, isikhulu sehhovisi lase-Baghdad, ungitshela ukuthi amawebhusayithi amabili alandelayo ayindawo enhle yereferensi yezibalo zabantu abalimala e-Iraq (ezihlukaniswa ngesikhathi, ubuzwe njll). Iwusizo kumahluzo nezinkomba (ngokubalula):
"www.icasualties.org kubantu abalimala ezempi (iphinde iphathe ne-Afghanistan)
"www.iraqbodycount.org ngezisulu zezakhamuzi (NB lesi akusona isibalo esiqondile, kodwa isilinganiso esithenjwayo, ngakho sidinga ukufaneleka)."
Yayivela kumdidiyeli. Akumangazi, ngeshwa, ukuthi akushiwo lutho ngohlolo lwe-ORB. Ngisho nokunikezwa isibuyekezo sakamuva socwaningo.
Noma kunjalo, ngicabange ukuthi uzokuthola kuthakazelisa, kucindezele futhi mhlawumbe kuwusizo.
Ngiyabonga uma ungalisho igama lami.
izilokotho ezinhle
Igama Ligodliwe (I-imeyili eya kuLensi Yezindaba, Mashi 20, 2009)
Akushiwo lutho ngocwaningo Lwebhizinisi Lokucwaninga Ngemibono [ORB] olubika ukufa kwabantu abangu-1,033,000 (Januwari 2008, http://www.opinion.co.uk/Newsroom_details.aspx?NewsId=88), noma ngezifundo ze-Lancet zango-2004 no-2006. Ukuthi i-BBC's Baghdad Bureau Chief ingakholelwa ukuthi i-Iraq Body Count inikeza "isilinganiso" senani labashonile e-Iraq kuyamangaza. Eqinisweni, inikeza isibalo esisekelwe emibikweni yabezindaba yokufa kwezakhamuzi ezinodlame ezweni lapho izintatheli, eziqondiswe futhi zabulawa ngobuningi, zingakwazanga ukusebenza ngesikhathi sodlame olumangalisayo oluhambisane nomsebenzi (idatha evela emakhazeni kanye amarekhodi kahulumeni engeziwe eminyakeni yamuva).
Ithimba lesizindalwazi se-IBC - elifaneleke njengomthombo oyinhloko wenani labantu ababulawa e-Iraqi njengoba nathi sinjalo - "lethenjwa" abezindaba abavamile ngoba linikeza inani eliphansi kakhulu, linesimo esikha phezulu sokuqina kwezemfundo, futhi linenani eliphansi kakhulu. ababhekananga nokuhlaselwa okungapheli okwenziwa ezifundweni ezinikeza izinombolo eziphezulu.
UStephen Soldz, uMqondisi Wesikhungo Sokucwaninga, Ukuhlola, Nokuthuthukiswa Kohlelo eBoston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis, uyaphawula:
"Sisanda kuthola ukuthi uGilbert Burnham, umbhali oholayo wocwaningo lwesibili lweLancet, ugunyazwe uJohns Hopkins ngokuphambuka esivumelwaneni esigunyaziwe se-IRB nokuqoqa amagama abantu abaningi abaphendulile ocwaningweni, iqiniso elaphikwa ngokusobala ezimemezelweni eziningi zomphakathi. " (https://znetwork.org/znet/viewArticle/20890)
Lokhu kuqoqwa kwamagama okungenzeka kubeke izimpilo zabantu engcupheni, nakuba kucatshangwa ukuthi akekho owalinyazwa ngempela. Kodwa u-Soldz uthi ukuphela kukaBurnham kusho ukuthi isilinganiso sikaLancet II ngeke sisathenjwa:
"Uma umniningwane owodwa omkhulu wendlela yokusebenza uhlanekezelwe, ngeke sazi ukuthi ezinye izici zocwaningo zenziwe njengoba kushiwo."
Kuwukugxuma kwesibindi kokungabaza ukuthatha udaba olubaluleke kangaka. Phela, okutholakele okubalulekile kophenyo lwangaphakathi lukaJohns Hopkins, olungashiwongo nguSoldz, kube nombono ohlukile:
"Ukufakwa kwezihlonzi akuzange kube nomthelela emiphumeleni yocwaningo." (http://www.jhsph.edu/publichealthnews/press_releases/2009/iraq_review.html)
Sibuze uJohn Tirman, uMqondisi Omkhulu we-MIT's Center for International Studies, ngombono wakhe ngoMashi 18:
Sawubona John
Ngethemba uphilile. Sashintshana ngama-imeyili ngonyaka odlule. Ngiyazibuza ukuthi uyavumelana yini nokuphawula kukaStephen Soldz mayelana nokutholwe uphenyo lwangaphakathi lukaJohns Hopkins ocwaningweni luka-2006 lweLancet mayelana nokufa kwabantu e-Iraq:
"Leli phutha, kanye nokufihlakala kwalo ezitatimendeni zomphakathi ezilandelayo kusho ukuthi, ngokubona kwami, ngeke sisakwazi ukuthembela esilinganisweni sokufa kwe-Lancet II. Uma umniningwane owodwa omkhulu we-methodological wahlanekezelwa, ngeke sazi ukuthi ngabe ezinye izici zocwaningo beziyizimo eziphuthumayo. kwenziwe njengoba kushiwo.
"Kuze kube futhi ngaphandle uma kunemininingwane eyengeziwe ngalezi zindlela, angiboni ukuthi isilinganiso sabo sokufa okuyinsalela kwangemva kokuhlasela singathenjwa." (https://znetwork.org/znet/viewArticle/650,000)
Ingabe lokho akuyona impendulo engenangqondo, ngaphandle uma ukungaziphathi kahle kuthinte imiphumela? Akukho okubonisa ukuthi yakwenza. UGilbert Burnham wasolwa mathupha. Ucwaningo aluzange luphikiswe.
Ithini imibono yakho (ngokucaphuna ngicela)?
Izilokotho ezinhle
David
UTirman waphendula ngoMashi 19:
UDavide,
Yebo, ngivumelana nawe, futhi isitatimende sikaHopkins sikwenza kucace ukuthi ukudideka mayelana nezihlonzi (ngesi-Arabhu) akuhlangene nobuqotho bezindlela nokuqaliswa kwazo. Eqinisweni, ukubuyekezwa kwe-Hopkins kuqinisekisile ukuthi idatha iqoqwe futhi yafakwa kahle, into abagxeki abaningana abaye baqhubeka nayo izinyanga ezingu-30. Manje sekuyacaca ukuthi idatha nokuhlaziya kuqinile. Yebo, kungenzeka kube nephutha lesampula, kodwa lokho kuhlale kuyingozi; Angikholwa ukuthi singakwazi ukubona eyodwa, futhi abantu abahamba phambili be-street-bias bamane bavele bahlukane nalokhu, njengoba ngike ngachaza ngaphambili.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi leli qembu elincane lamahabhu liqhubeka kanjani nempikiswano [sic] ngezizathu ezinciphayo, lapho izinombolo ze-IBC ne-DoD, kanye nohlolo lwe-MoH/WHO, luhamba ngaphandle kokuphawula okubucayi. Lokhu kusitshela ukuthi benzani.
Ukulinganisa kwami, ngokwalokho okukufaneleyo, kwezibalo zamanje, kusetshenziswa izinhlolovo zangaphambilini kanye nomugqa wethrendi we-IBC, kuphakathi kwezigidi eziyi-800,000 nezingu-1.3 ezishonile kusukela ngoJanuwari. Izibalo zabafudukisiwe, abafelokazi, njll., ziwubufakazi obusekelayo.
Siyabonga ngokuhambisana nalokhu.
Okuhle kakhulu,
John
Njengoba u-Noam Chomsky evame ukuphawula, uhlelo lwe-propaganda luzokwamukela noma yiliphi izinga le-idiocy nephutha, uma lizuzisa amandla. Chaza konke ukuhlasela e-Iraq njengomphumela we-"al-Qaeda", isibonelo, futhi akekho noyedwa oqaphelayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iminikelo elimaza izithakazelo ezinamandla iqala izindinganiso ezikhandlayo neziqinile zokucutshungulwa.
Lezi zifundo ezimbili ze-Lancet zibhekane ngqo nalokho, ngokungapheli, futhi imiphumela yazo kanye nendlela eyisisekelo akukatholakali intula. Siyazibuza ukuthi zingaki izifundo ezifanayo, uma zingaphansi kwezinga elifanayo lobutha nokuhlolwa, ezingaphuma zingenabala. Umphumela unamandla, ikakhulukazi emhlabeni wezemfundo, lapho noma yikuphi ukusikisela kwezingxabano zezombusazwe kulimaza. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi amalangabi anjalo ayivelakancane, kunokuthambekela kokucabanga ukuthi kufanele kube khona + umlilo+ othile phakathi kwayo yonke leyo ntuthu. Kodwa ngokuvamile akunjalo kwezombangazwe, lapho inkulumo-ze ingase ingaqedwa, ukukhohlisa okubhuqayo.
Iqiniso lenhlekelele yase-US-UK e-Iraq, noma ingaba, inhlekelele enkulu yenkulumo-ze yase-US-UK - ngamanga omusa anikeza inqubomgomo amandla ngokukhululeka. Ngakho-ke isifufula sodaka siqondiswe ezifundweni zeLancet. Ukunqoba okusikiwe okucacile akukaze kufunwe - umgomo umane nje ukudideka okwandayo, ukungabaza okwengeziwe. Igama lobuchwepheshe: izinti zodaka!
Lawa amandla e-flak, futhi umphumela owodwa, okungenani, ucace kakhulu - abalobi abaholayo abanesibindi, abanobubele, abaqotho nabaqeqeshwe kakhulu bemibiko ye-Lancet baye bathuliswa, okwamanje, okungenani.
ISENZO ESIPHAKANYISIWE
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Bhalela uHugh Sykes ku-BBC
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Bhalela uSteve Herrmann, umhleli we-inthanethi we-BBC
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Bhalela uMadeleine Bunting ku-Guardian
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Bhalela u-Alan Rusbridger, umhleli we-Guardian
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Sicela usithumelele ikhophi yama-imeyili akho
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