Lesi yisahluko sesine se-Occupy Vision, okuyivolumu yesibili yesethi yevolumu emithathu enesihloko esithi Fanfare for the Future. Ezinsukwini ezizayo sizothumela izahluko eziyisishiyagalombili zencwadi. Ungathola okwengeziwe nge-Occupy Theory, Occupy Vision, kanye ne-Occupy Strategy, kanye nokuthi uzithenga kanjani izincwadi eziphrintiwe noma zokufunda i-ebook, ekhasini lencwadi lika-Z labo - elikhona: https://znetwork.org/the-fanfare-series/
"Uma umuntu onegunya likathisha, ethi, echaza umhlaba futhi ungekho kuwo, kuba nomzuzwana wokungaqondi kahle, njengokungathi ubheke esibukweni futhi awuboni lutho."
ā Adrienne Rich
Lapho sixoxa ngemibono yobudlelwano bobulili sicabanga ngomphakathi omuhle wokuzala, ukukhuliswa, ukuhlalisana kwabantu, ubulili, kanye nokuhlelwa kwempilo yansuku zonke yasekhaya ngeso elikhethekile elibhekene nezinhlangothi ezintathu zemithelela: ubudlelwano phakathi kwabesifazane namadoda, phakathi kongqingili nobulili obuhlukile, naphakathi amalungu ezizukulwane ezahlukene.
Umbono wokuzalana
āEnhliziyweni yami, ngicabanga ukuthi owesifazane unezinketho ezimbili:
mhlawumbe ungumuntu wesifazane noma usochist.ā
ā Gloria Steinem
Inkinga ngokuba nale ngxoxo, ukuthi kusekuncane kakhulu ukucaca okucacile mayelana nokuthi ubudlelwano bokuzala obushintshile buyoba njani emphakathini omusha. Yiziphi izikhungo ezishintshiwe noma ezintsha ezizohlela ukuzala, ukukhuliswa, kanye nokuxhumana nabantu? Izakhiwo kanye nezindima zomphakathi esizigcwalisayo ukuze sifeze ukukhuliswa kanye nempilo yasekhaya zizoshintsha kanjani ukuze kuqedwe izimpande zobulili kanye nezigaba zobulili.
Amagugu ethu asikisela ukuthi ukufeza imisebenzi yokuhlobana kufanele kuthuthukise ubumbano phakathi kwabadlali abathintekayo, kulondoloze ukuhlukahluka kwezinketho nokukhetha, ukwaba izinzuzo kanye nezibopho ngendlela efanele, futhi kudlulisele ithonya lokulawula ukuzilawula - kucatshangelwa izindaba zeminyaka yobudala, njll.
Ngakho-ke ngalezo zifiso ezibanzi, ingabe izoba khona imindeni njengoba sesiyazi manje? Ingabe indlela okhuliswe ngayo izohluka kakhulu kulokho esikwaziyo manje? Kuthiwani ngokuqomisana nokuhlangana ngokocansi? Bazosebenzisana kanjani abadala nabancane? Abantu abadala bayosabela kanjani kwasebekhulile nabancane?
Ukufeza izimiso zethu zokuziphatha kuzodinga ukuthi izinhlaka zokuzalana ezifiselekayo zikhulule abesifazane nabesilisa kunokwenza ukuthi labo bangaphambili babe ngaphansi kwalaba bamuva, futhi ngokufanayo nangobunye ubudlelwano bezikhundla noma okwehlisa isithunzi.
Ngakho-ke sikhuluma ngokususa izici ezikhiqiza ukucwasa ngokobulili okuhlelekile, ukuzonda abantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo, kanye nokuthanda iminyaka, kanye nokuthola inqwaba yentuthuko enhle esingaqagela kuze kube yilapho sesihlole iziphakamiso eziphelele zezikhungo zokuzalana ezinombono. Kodwa lokhu, okungenani, kuzofaka izinzuzo zabantu abengeziwe abafinyelela amandla abo aphelele.
Akukhona ukuthi zonke izinkinga ezihambisana nobulili zizoshabalala emphakathini omuhle, yebo, noma ukuthi zonke izifiso ezingahlangatshezwana nazo noma amakhono angabonisiwe azoxazululwa ngokuphelele ngaphandle kobuhlungu. Ngisho nasemphakathini omangalisayo, singabikezela ngokuqiniseka ukuthi kusazoba khona uthando olungenakuphikwa. Ucansi ngeke luntule iziyaluyalu. Ukudlwengula nezinye izenzo zobudlova zizokwenzeka, nakuba zincane kakhulu kunamanje. Ukushintsha kwezenhlalo akukwazi ukususa ubuhlungu bokulahlekelwa abangane nezihlobo ekufeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngeke yenze bonke abantu abadala babe nekhono elilinganayo lokusebenzelana kahle nezingane noma nabantu abadala noma okuphambene nalokho.
Esingakulindela ngokunengqondo futhi sikufune, nokho, ukuthi izindlela ezintsha zokuxoxisana zizoqeda ukwephulwa okuhleliwe kwabesifazane, izitabane, izingane, kanye nasebekhulile okubangela ukuthi wonke la maqembu ahlupheke ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo noma emphakathini.
Singafuna ukuthi izinto ezintsha eziqanjiwe ziqede ukuphoqwa kwesakhiwo kwabesilisa nabesifazane, kwe-hetero kanye nongqingili, nabo bonke abantu abadala kanye nezingane zibe amaphethini osekuyisikhathi eside abonakalisa futhi alondoloza ukwephulwa okuhlelekile kobumbano, ukuhlukahluka, ukulingana, kanye nokuzilawula.
Kuzokwenzeka kanjani konke lokhu? Hhayi ukuthi sizofika kanjani kuleli kusasa elingcono, okuwumbuzo osuselwe futhi onzima nakakhulu esizowuthatha kamuva emqulwini wesithathu we-Fanfare, kodwa ngabe izikhungo ezichaza ikusasa elingcono kakhulu lokuzalana zizobukeka kanjani?
Abanye abantu banemibono emihle, ngokungangabazeki, kodwa kufanele sivume ukuthi asinawo umbono mayelana nalo mbuzo wombono. Ngempela, singathola okuncane kakhulu endleleni yempendulo ehlongozwayo ezincwadini zangaleso sikhathi kwesokunxele. Esikhathini esedlule abanye besifazane bazamile ukuhlinzeka ngemibono ngobulili bobulili futhi sithanda ukubalula eminye yaleyo mizamo njengefanele ukuzama ukunaba ngombono ohlobene nobulili.
Emiphakathini yesimanje ephakamisa amadoda ngokunikeza abesifazane izinketho ezinganikezi amandla kangako nezinelisayo, yiziphi izinhlaka ezichazayo ezikhiqiza ngokusobala ukuhleleka kobulili ngakho-ke ezidinga ukushintshwa ngokujulile ukuze kususwe lokho ku-oda?
Ukucwasa ngobulili kwenzeka obala emadodeni anezimo ezibusayo nezicebile. Kuthatha isimo esicashile ngemikhuba emide yokuxhumana kanye nokuqagela kokuziphatha. Ikhiqizwa futhi yenziwe kabusha izikhungo ezihlukanisa amadoda nabesifazane, okuhlanganisa ngokuphoqelela njengasekudlwengulweni nasekushayweni, kodwa futhi ngobuqili nakakhulu ngalokho okubonakala kuwukwehluka kwendima eyamukelekayo ekuphileni kwasekhaya, emsebenzini, nasemgubhweni. Kuhlanganisa futhi umthelela oqongelelekayo wezinto ezidlule eziphathelene nokucwasa ngokobulili kulokho abantu abakucabangayo, abakufisayo, nabazizwayo, kanye nalokho abantu abajwayele ukukwenza noma ngokwabo ngokuqaphela.
Uma sifuna ukuthola umsuka wokungabi nabulungiswa ngokobulili kunengqondo ukuthi sidinga ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izikhungo zomphakathi - nokuthi yiziphi izindima ngaphakathi kwalezo zikhungo - ezinikeza amadoda nabesifazane izibopho, izimo, nezimo, ezikhuthaza ukugqugquzela, ukwazi, kanye nezintandokazi lokho phakamisa amadoda ngaphezu kwabesifazane.
Uhlaka olulodwa esiluthola kuyo yonke imiphakathi enezigaba zokucwasa ngokobulili ukuthi amadoda baba kodwa omama besifazane. Okusho ukuthi, sithola izindima ezimbili ezingafani ezidlalwa amadoda nabesifazane ngokubuka isizukulwane esilandelayo, indima ngayinye ichazwa emphakathini futhi ngomqondo omncane kakhulu omiswe ngokwebhayoloji. Ushintsho olulodwa olulula lwesakhiwo ebudlelwaneni bokuzala kungaba ukuqeda lo mehluko wokuba ngumama/ubaba phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane.
Kuthiwani uma esikhundleni sokuthi abesifazane babe ngumama futhi amadoda abe obaba, abesifazane namadoda ngamunye unabantwana? Kuthiwani uma amadoda nabesifazane ngamunye behlobene nezingane ngendlela efanayo, benenhlanganisela efanayo yezibopho nokuziphatha (okuthiwa ukukhulisa izingane), kunokuba ubulili obubodwa bube cishe nawo wonke umsebenzi wokunakekela kanye nokunakekela, ukuhlanza, neminye imisebenzi yesondlo (okuthiwa ukondla ), kanti obunye ubulili bunemisebenzi eminingi esekelwe ezinqumweni, lapho ubulili obubodwa buzibandakanya kakhulu futhi obunye bube kude, njalonjalo?
Asiqinisekanga kakhulu ukuthi esikhundleni sokuba umama ochazwe ngokobulili nokuba ngubaba ngokukhuliswa okungakhethi ubulili kuzoqeda yonke izimpande ezichazayo zokucwasa ngobulili, kodwa sicabanga ukuthi lokhu kungase kube ukuqanjwa okusha okubalulekile ekususeni izimbangela eziyisisekelo zezigaba zokucwasa ngokobulili.
Lo mbono uvela emsebenzini kaNancy Chodorow, ogqame kakhulu encwadini enesihloko esithi, Ukuzala kabusha Komama (University of California Press). Le ncwadi iveze ukuthi ukuba ngumama kuyindima echazwa ngokwenhlalo yabantu, hhayi ngokwebhayoloji, nokuthi njengoba omama besifazane bazala amadodakazi, angabi nekhono lokuba ngumama kuphela kodwa abe nesifiso sokuba nomama. āLawa makhono kanye nezidingo,ā kuqhubeka uChodorow, ākwakhelwa futhi kukhule ngaphandle kobudlelwane bukamama nendodakazi uqobo. Ngokuphambene, abesifazane njengabomama (nabesilisa njengabangewona omama) bazala amadodana amakhono awo okukhulisa nezidingo zawo ziye zancishiswa futhi zacindezelwa.ā
KuChodorow, incazelo yayiwukuthi:
"Ukuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi yobulili neyomndeni lapho abesifazane omama futhi behileleke kakhulu ebudlelwaneni bobudlelwane bomuntu siqu kunabesilisa kuveza emadodakazini nasemadodaneni ukwehlukana kwamakhono angokwengqondo okubaholela ekukhiqizeni kabusha lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi yobulili neyomndeni."
UChodorow ufingqe ngokuthi:
āZonke izinhlelo zobulili zobulili zihlela ucansi, ubulili, nezingane. Isigaba socansi lapho omama besifazane behlela khona izingane futhi bahlukanise imikhakha yasekhaya neyomphakathi. Umshado wabantu bobulili obuhlukile, ovame ukunikeza amadoda amalungelo emandleni ocansi nokuzala abesifazane, kanye namalungelo asemthethweni ezinganeni, uhlela ucansi. Bobabili ngokuhlanganyela bahlela futhi bakhiqize ubulili njengobudlelwane bomphakathi obungalingani.ā
Ngakho mhlawumbe isici esisodwa somphakathi othuthuke kakhulu ngokuphathelene nobuhlobo bobulili kuyoba ukuthi abesilisa nabesifazane bayoba bobabili abazali, ngaphandle kokuhlukana phakathi kokuba umama nokuba nobaba.
Olunye uhlaka olubuzwayo kwabaningi besifazane abacabanga ngobudlelwano obuthuthukisiwe bobulili nobulili umndeni wenuzi. Lokhu kunzima nokukuchaza, ngicabanga ukuthi, kodwa kuhlobene nokuthi indawo yokunakekelwa kwezingane nokubamba iqhaza komndeni incane kakhulu, njengokuphumula nabazali begazi ababili kuphela, noma kunalokho kuhilela abantu abaningi abengeziwe - mhlawumbe umndeni owandisiwe noma abangani. , amalungu omphakathi, njll.
Kubonakala kungenakwenzeka kakhulu ukuthi umphakathi omuhle ube nemithetho yawo yobudlelwano bobulili obudinga izinhlangano ezimbalwa zemindeni nezinhlaka zemindeni ngendlela yokuthi wonke umuntu kufanele athobele leyo kuphela. Ngeke silindele ukuthi abantu abadala, ngokomthetho, kufanele bahlale bodwa noma ngababili noma ngamaqembu, kunoma iyiphi eyodwa noma kunoma imaphi amaphethini ambalwa. Iphuzu elibalulekile kungenzeka kube ukuhlukahluka, ngakolunye uhlangothi, nokuthi noma imaphi amaphethini ahlukahlukene akhona, inketho ngayinye evame ukukhethwa ihlanganisa izici ezibeka ukulingana ngokobulili esikhundleni sokulandelana kobulili.
Nakuba singazizwa sikuhlomele ukuchaza izici ezinjalo ezingaba khona, singasho ukuthi amadoda nabesifazane abazalwa, abakhuliswayo, futhi bona ngokwabo bazala futhi bakhulise izizukulwane ezintsha emphakathini omusha nongcono kakhulu bayoba abagcwele, abakwaziyo, futhi bayazethemba ekuziphatheni kwabo futhi futhi abanakho ukuhluka okukhawulela futhi kukhawule ubuntu noma izindlela zokuphila zanoma yikuphi - kungaba uhlobo oluthile lwesikhunta esiwumngcingo sowesifazane noma esincane sowesilisa.
Kungashiwo okufanayo, ngobubanzi, mayelana nobulili kanye nobudlelwane phakathi kwezizukulwane. Asicabangi ukuthi siyazi, noma, ngokungangabazeki, sinesithombe esixekethile sokuthi ubulili obukhululwe ngokugcwele buyoba njani kukho konke ubuningi bezinto ezithandwayo kanye nemikhuba, noma yiziphi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zobudlelwane bezizukulwane abantu abadala kanye nezingane zabo kanye nabadala abazongena kuzo. . Esicabanga ukuthi singakusho, nokho, ukuthi esikhathini esizayo imiphakathi efiselekayo awekho amaphethini ambalwa azophakanyiswa ngaphezu kwawo wonke amanye njengesibopho, nakuba zonke izinketho ezikhethwa kabanzi zizovimbela ukukhiqiza kubantu ukuthambekela kokubusa, ukubusa, ukubusa, noma ukubusa. lalela, okusekelwe ekukhetheni ubulili, ubudala, nanoma yisiphi esinye isici senhlalo noma sebhayoloji, ngalolo daba.
Sinombono omncane kakhulu wokuthi yimaphi amaphethini athile obulili bobulili azovela, aphindaphindeke, futhi athuthuke ngokuqhubekayo esikhathini esizayo esingcono. Isibonelo, indoda eyodwa noma cha, i-hetero, homo, noma i-bi-sexual, futhi ehilela izikhungo ezinikeza ukunakekelwa okuguquliwe, imindeni, izikole, futhi mhlawumbe nezinye izikhala zezombangazwe nezenhlalo zezingane kanye nabantu abadala kanye nabantu abadala. Kodwa singaqagela ngokuzethemba ukuthi abalingisi bayo yonke iminyaka nobulili, abazibandakanya ebudlelwaneni bocansi obungacindezeli, bazokhululeka ekucwasweni.
Konke okungenhla akucacile futhi kwakhiwe ngesizotha. Ingabe ukuhlobana okulungisiwe kuzobandakanya izici ezibanzi zesakhiwo ezishiwo ngenhla? Asazi. Ngokuqinisekile sikholelwa ukuthi ubuhlobo obuzayo buzohluka kakhulu, noma ngabe yikuphi. Kodwa nangaphandle kokwazi izici zangaphakathi zezikhungo ezintsha zempilo yomndeni kanye nokusebenzisana okuhlobene futhi ngenkathi sisalinde umbono wokuzalana ukuthi uvele ngokugcwele emcabangweni nasezenzweni zobufazi, sisengakwazi ukusho izinto eziwusizo mayelana nobudlelwano balezi zizinda kwezomnotho kanye nepolitiki, futhi ngendlela efanayo.
Ubudlelwane Obubonayo kanye Nomphakathi
ā[Umlando] izingxabano zopapa namakhosi, nezimpi
noma izifo eziwumshayabhuqe kuwo wonke amakhasi; amadoda alungile neze,
futhi cishe abekho abesifazane nhlobo.ā
ā Jane Austen
Izikhungo zokuzalana ziyadingeka ukuze abantu bathuthukise futhi bafeze izidingo zabo zocansi nemizwa, bahlele impilo yansuku zonke, futhi bakhulise izizukulwane ezintsha zezingane. Kodwa ubudlelwano bamanje bokuzala buphakamisa amadoda ngaphezu kwabesifazane nezingane, bucindezela ongqingili, futhi busonta amandla omuntu ocansini nemizwelo.
Emphakathini wabantu sizosusa izincazelo ezicindezelayo ezibekwe emphakathini ukuze wonke umuntu aphishekele ukuphila kwakhe ngendlela akhetha ngayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubulili buni, ukukhetha kwabo ngokobulili, neminyaka yobudala. Ngeke kube khona ukuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi yocansi okungaphoqelekile ngokwebhayoloji ngamadoda enza uhlobo olulodwa lomsebenzi futhi abesifazane benze olunye ngenxa nje yokuba ngamadoda nabesifazane, futhi ngeke kube khona ukuhlukaniswa kwendima yomuntu ngamunye ngokwezinga elithile ngokobulili. Sizoba nobudlelwano bobulili obuhlonipha iminikelo yomphakathi yabesifazane kanye neyabesilisa, futhi obukhuthaza ubulili obucebile ngokomzimba nokwanelisayo ngokomzwelo.
Kungenzeka, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi izinhlobo ezintsha zokuhlobana zizonqoba ubumncane bokuba nendoda eyodwa kuyilapho zivumela nokulondolozwa ukujula nokuqhubeka okuvela ebudlelwaneni obuhlala njalo. Izinhlobo ezintsha cishe zizoqeda ukwehlukana ngokungafanele kwezindima phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane ukuze bobabili ubulili bukhululeke ekukhuliseni nasekuqaliseni. Bazophinde banikeze izingane indawo yokuzilawula njengoba zinikeza nokusekelwa nokwakheka okudingwa izingane.
Kodwa yini ezokwenza konke lokhu kwenzeke?
Ngokusobala abesifazane kufanele babe nenkululeko yokuzala - inkululeko yokuthola abantwana ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuvala inzalo noma ukuncishwa ngokomnotho, kanye nenkululeko yokungabi nabantwana ngokufinyelela ngokungenazihibe ekulawuleni inzalo nokukhishwa kwezisu. Ngeke kube khona ukuyekethisa kulolu daba njengoba singase sibe nokuyekethisa mayelana nobunikazi bangasese bezindlela zokukhiqiza. Njengoba nje ubunikazi obuzimele buchitha amalungelo ezisebenzi okulawula nokuqondisa amandla azo okushikashikeka, ukwenqatshwa kokulawula inzalo kanye nokuhushula isisu kuchitha amalungelo abesifazane okulawula nokuphatha amandla abo okuzala futhi, ngalokho, nempilo yabo jikelele.
Kodwa ubudlelwano bokuzalana kwabesifazane kufanele futhi buqinisekise ukuthi izindima zokukhulisa izingane azihlukanisi imisebenzi ngobulili nokuthi kukhona ukusekelwa kwabashadile bendabuko, abazali abangabodwa, umzali wesifazane othandana nobulili obufanayo, kanye namalungiselelo ayinkimbinkimbi, amaningi okukhulisa izingane. Bonke abazali kufanele babe nokufinyelela okulula ekunakekelweni kwasemini kwekhwalithi ephezulu, amahora okusebenza avumelana nezimo, nezinketho zekhefu labazali. Iphuzu alikona ukukhulula abazali ekukhuliseni izingane ngokuguqulela isizukulwane esilandelayo ezikhungweni ezinganakekeli ezinabasebenzi ikakhulukazi abesifazane (noma ngisho nabesifazane namadoda) abahlonishwa kancane emphakathini. Umbono uwukuphakamisa isimo sokukhulisa izingane, ukukhuthaza ukusebenzisana komuntu siqu kakhulu phakathi kwezingane nabantu abadala, nokusabalalisa izibopho zalokhu kusebenzelana ngokulinganayo phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane kanye nakuwo wonke umphakathi.
Phela, yimuphi umsebenzi womphakathi ongaba obaluleke kakhulu kunokukhulisa isizukulwane esizayo sezakhamuzi? Ngakho-ke yini engaba okungenangqondo ukwedlula imibono yezinzalamizi ephika labo abagcwalisa le ndima ebalulekile yomphakathi isimo esibafanele? Emphakathini ofiselekayo, umsebenzi wokuzalana akumele uhlelwe ngokulinganayo kuphela, kodwa nokuhlolwa komphakathi kwalo msebenzi kumele kulungiswe futhi.
Ubufazi kufanele futhi bamukele umbono okhululekile wocansi oluhlonipha ukuthambekela nokukhetha komuntu, kungaba ubungqingili, abathandana nobulili obubili, abathanda ubulili obuhlukile, abathandanayo nobulili obubodwa, noma abangashadile. Ngaphandle kokuhlonipha amalungelo abantu, ukusebenzisa kanye nokuhlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zobulili ngabalingani abavumayo kunikeza izinhlobonhlobo zokuhlangenwe nakho okungazuzisa bonke. Emphakathini wesintu oye waqeda izigaba ezicindezelayo, ubulili bungaphishekela kuphela injabulo engokomzwelo, engokwenyama, nengokomoya nentuthuko, noma, yebo, njengengxenye yobuhlobo bothando. Ukuhlola lezi ziphetho cishe ngeke kubekezelelwe nje kuphela, kodwa kuzobongwa.
Sidinga umbono wobudlelwano bobulili lapho abesifazane bengasekho ngaphansi futhi amathalente nobuhlakani bengxenye yohlobo lwezilwane kukhululekile ekugcineni. Sidinga umbono lapho amadoda ekhululekile ukukhuliswa, isikhathi sobuntwana yisikhathi sokudlala futhi sikhulise umthwalo wemfanelo nethuba lokufunda ngokuzimela kodwa hhayi ukwesaba, nalapho isizungu singabambeki njengobubi osibambo lwakhe luyaphenduka njengoba unyaka nonyaka udlula.
Umbono ofanele wokuzalana uzobuyisela ukuphila endaweni yejwayelo nesidingo ukuze kukwenze kube ubuciko esikwaziyo sonke ukubenza nokucwengisisa. Kodwa akukho ukuzenzisa ukuthi konke lokhu kungafezwa ngokuphazima kweso. Futhi asikho isizathu sokucabanga ukuthi uhlobo olulodwa lwesikhungo esikhulisa umlingani singcono kakhulu kubo bonke. Nakuba umndeni wamanje we-nuclear ufakazele ukuthi uyahambisana nezinkambiso zezinzalamizi, uhlobo oluhlukile lomndeni wenuzi ngokungangabazeki luzovela kanye nenqwaba yezinye izinhlobo zokuhlobana njengoba abantu bezama ukuthi bangafinyelela kanjani izinjongo zobufazi.
Ezomnotho kanye nabesifazane nabesilisa
āUma isehlukaniso senyuke ngenkulungwane
amaphesenti, ungasoli ukunyakaza kwabesifazane.
Sola izindima zobulili eziphelelwe yisikhathi imishado eyayisekelwe kuzo.ā
ā Shwi Friedan
Umnotho wobunxiwankulu ucashe kakhulu kunalokho abanye abahlaziyi abagxekayo abacabanga ngokuqondene nabesifazane nabesilisa. Eqinisweni, akukho lutho ezikhungweni ezichazayo zonxiwankulu - ubunikazi obuzimele bempahla ekhiqizayo, ukuhlukana kwezinkampani zabasebenzi, ukuthathwa kwezinqumo okugunyaziwe, nezimakethe - ukuthi ngisho nezaziso - kuncane kakhulu okuhlukanisayo kanye nokuhleleka kwezigaba - amadoda nabesifazane ngenxa yomthetho oqinile. ashukumisayo kwezomnotho kanye logic. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma uhlelo lomphakathi lobulili bobulili lukhiqiza umehluko phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane, umnotho wonxiwankulu ngeke ulishaye indiva lelo qiniso kodwa, ngempela, uzolivuma noma liphinde likhiqize kabusha, njengoba kuxoxiwe ngalo emqulwini wokuqala weFanfare.
Ngakho-ke, uma abesilisa nabesifazane bembeswe ubudlelwano bomndeni kanye nobunye ubudlelwano bokuzalana ukuze abangaphambili babe nokulindela kokubusa okulinganiselwe phezu kwalokhu, umnotho wonxiwankulu uzosebenza ngokuhambisana nalesi simo.
Ake sithi umqashi ufuna ukuqasha imenenja. Uma abasebenzi ikakhulukazi besilisa kanti owesifazane kanye nowesilisa bayafaka isicelo, futhi owesifazane enemininingwane engcono futhi eyifanelekela kangcono imisebenzi yangempela ehilelekile, emphakathini onobulili owesilisa maningi amathuba okuba athole umsebenzi ngisho noma umqashi engenawo. ubulili nhlobo.
Isizathu siwukuthi umqashi udinga abasebenzi besilisa ukuthi bazizwe belalela futhi bengaphansi komphathi, kanye nomphathi azizwe enegunya futhi ephakeme kunabasebenzi. Mancane kakhulu amathuba okuthi le phethini iqhamuke ngokumelene nemithetho yocansi ecatshangwe ngaphambilini yomphakathi kunokuba kube yiphethini efunwayo ukuba ivele ngokuhambisana naleyo miyalelo. Ngamanye amazwi, isigaba sebhizinisi sabasebenzi ngokuvamile sisebenzisa, esikhundleni sokuchitha, isigaba sobulili esisungulwe ubuhlobo bomndeni nokuhlobana.
Ngokufanayo, amaphethini okukhokha azobonisa amandla okuxoxisana ngokwehlukana abekwa ngokobulili kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Abesilisa, zonke ezinye izinto ezilinganayo, bazokwazi ukukhipha inkokhelo eyengeziwe ngomsebenzi ofanayo kunabesifazane, ngenxa yabanikazi abasebenzisa isikhundla esiphansi namandla amancane okuxoxisana kwabesifazane.
Lezi izindawo zokuhlala ezincane zeminotho yonxiwankulu ukuya ebudlelwaneni bokuzalana ngokobulili. Izigaba ze-capitalism aziphikisani futhi zibandakanya kakhulu izigaba zobulili. Abesifazane bathatha izikhundla ezingaphansi ngokulinganayo. Abesifazane bahola kancane. Kulokhu kuvela imininingwane edabukisayo ehlanganisa izigameko ezimbi kakhulu zobumpofu besifazane, ukugula, ukudlwengulwa nobunye udlame sonke esilwaziyo manje.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kukhona, nokho, umthelela ojulile womkhakha wamandla wokubusa ngokobulili ebudlelwaneni bezomnotho. Izitayela namaphethini okuziphatha kwabesilisa nabesifazane okukhiqizwa uhlelo lobulili lwezinzalamizi kungabeka izindima zezomnotho ukuze ukukhiqizwa, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nokwabiwa kuqale ukuhlanganisa ngokoqobo izici zokuzalana kunokuzamukela kuphela noma ukuzixhaphaza.
Ngamanye amazwi, imisebenzi yezomnotho yabesifazane ingathatha izimfanelo zokondleka kanye nokunakekela nokunakekela okungadingeki noma ngokunengqondo ngokuphelele uma kucatshangelwa izimiso zomnotho kuphela, futhi ngokufanayo ngezendima zamadoda ezithatha amaphethini wesilisa nazo ezibekwe izincazelo zokuzalana. - ngisho nokuphambene nengqondo yezomnotho kuphela.
Kulokhu sizobona imisebenzi emnothweni ekhombisayo futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ekhiqiza ngenkuthalo ukuziphatha kwabesilisa nabesifazane okubekwe wuhlelo lobulili lwezinzalamizi. Umnotho ube usuhlanganyela ekukhiqizeni kabusha noma ekukhiqizeni kabusha ukucwasa ngokobulili.
Umthelela weParecon kanye neParpolity
āUma sibheka ukuthi abantu besifazane bathathwe njengempahla, kwehlisa isithunzi kwabesifazane ukuthi siphathe ezethu izingane njengempahla okumele ilahlwe ngokubona kwethu.
ā Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Ku-parecon, nokho, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kobudlelwane bobulili obuvela ohlelweni lobulili lwe-patriarchal kuyanyamalala. Akukhona nje ukuthi umnotho obamba iqhaza usebenza kahle eduze kwesigaba esikhululekile sokuhlobana. Kuwukuthi i-parecon ivimbela noma okungenani ivukele ubudlelwano obungakhululekile phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane. I-Parecon yembula ukucwasa ngokobulili.
I-parecon ngeke inikeze amadoda umsebenzi onika amandla kakhulu noma imali engenayo eningi kunabesifazane ngoba ayikwazi ukunikeza izinzuzo ezinjalo kunoma yiliphi iqembu elihlobene nanoma yiliphi elinye.
Izakhiwo zemisebenzi ezilinganiselayo kanye nokuzilawula kudinga futhi kufune abantu abadala abakwazi ukuzibandakanya ezinqumweni futhi benze umsebenzi wokudala onika amandla, kungakhathaliseki ubulili noma okunye ukuchazwa kwebhayoloji noma kwezenhlalo. Uma ubudlelwano bokuzala bucindezela ukuthola eminye imiphumela, kuba khona ukungqubuzana futhi ukuzalana noma umnotho kufanele kudedele okunye.
Ayikho inqubo ye-parecon esebenza ngokufanele izigaba ezizalelwa ebudlelwaneni bobulili ngenxa yokuthi azikho izigaba ku-parecon ezingawuthobela. Abesifazane abakwazi ukuhola imali encane kunabesilisa, noma babe nemisebenzi engabaniki amandla amancane, futhi abakwazi ukusho okuncane ngezinqumo.
Kodwa kuthiwani ngomsebenzi wasekhaya? Abaningi abalwela amalungelo abantu besifazane, njengamanje, bazobuza lo mbuzo, āi-parecon ithi isusa ukuhlukana emsebenzini kanye nemali engenayo edingwa ukucwaswa ngokobulili kwamanje, kodwa ingabe umsebenzi wasekhaya uyingxenye yezomnotho?ā
Ukuthambekela kwethu ukusho ukuthi ayikho impendulo efanele kulo mbuzo, njengasemibuzweni eminingi ngale kwezindaba eziwumgogodla ochaza ubudlelwano. Ngamanye amazwi, singacabanga ngomphakathi ophatha imisebenzi yasendlini yezinhlobo ezehlukene njengengxenye yomnotho wawo obambe iqhaza futhi singacabanga ongakwenzi lokho. Ngesimo sethu samanje sokuqonda, singancamela uhlobo lwakamuva, ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa. Kodwa akukho ukukhetha okukhiqiziwe noma okwenziwe kungenakugwenywa, kuphela ngomqondo we-parecon.
Ngaphandle kwalokho kuvuleka okunengqondo, nokho, sivame ukucabanga ukuthi umsebenzi wasekhaya akufanele uthathwe njengengxenye yomnotho ngaphansi kwezimiso zomsebenzi okhiqizayo.
Okokuqala, ukukhulisa nokukhulisa isizukulwane esilandelayo akufani nokukhiqiza ihembe, isitiriyo, i-scalpel, noma i-spyglass. Kukhona okuthile okuhlanekezela, ekucabangeni kwethu, mayelana nokucabangela ukunakekelwa kwezingane nokukhiqizwa kwendawo yokusebenza njengohlobo olufanayo lomsebenzi womphakathi.
Isizathu sesibili esicabanga ukuthi umsebenzi wasekhaya akufanele ubalwe njengengxenye yokukhiqiza kwezomnotho ukuthi izithelo zomsebenzi wasekhaya zithokozelwa kakhulu ngumkhiqizi ngokwakhe. Ingabe kufanele ngikwazi ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ngiklama nokunakekela ikhaya futhi ngithole inkokhelo eyengeziwe ngenxa yalokho? Uma kunjalo, ngithola umphumela womsebenzi futhi ngithola imali eyengeziwe, futhi. Lokhu kuhlukile kunomunye umsebenzi futhi kubonakala ngathi ukushintsha idizayini yegumbi lami lokuphumula noma ukugcina ingadi yami kufana nokusetshenziswa kunokukhiqiza.
Ake sithi ngithanda ukudlala upiyano, noma ukwakha imodeli yezindiza, noma yini. Umsebenzi engiwenzayo wokuzilibazisa wami ufana kakhulu nomsebenzi, kodwa siwubiza ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa ngoba ngiwenza ngaphansi kwethonya lami nangenxa yami. Lokhu esikubiza ngomsebenzi, ngokuphambene, yilokho esikwenza ngaphansi kwemikhandlu yabasebenzi ukuze sikhiqize imiphumela ethokozelwa abantu ngaphandle kwethu nje.
Ingabe kunenkinga yokuthi ngoba ukunakekela nokukhulisa izingane kuhluke kakhulu ngokohlobo kunokukhiqiza izimoto noma ama-screwdriver, noma ukuthi ukunakekela ikhaya kuhlukile ebudlelwaneni bawo bezenhlalakahle kanye nezinzuzo kunokusebenza efemini, futhi sithatha ukuthi kulezi zisekelo thina akufanele yini ibale imisebenzi yasendlini njengomsebenzi okufanele uholelwe futhi wenziwe ngaphansi kwezikhungo zasemsebenzini ze-parecon?
Ngicabanga ukuthi uma sicabanga ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba nokuguqulwa kobudlelwane bobulili nobulili ngokwabo, khona-ke kunenkinga, yebo. Uma izinkambiso nezakhiwo zemizi nezindawo zokuhlala zibandlulula kakhulu ubulili, futhi uma i-parecon ingabandakanyi umsebenzi wasekhaya njengengxenye yomnotho futhi ingaphansi kwemithetho ye-parecon, khona-ke umsebenzi wasekhaya ungenziwa ngokweqile ngabesifazane kanye nentando, umphumela, banciphise isikhathi sabo sokungcebeleka noma isikhathi sabo seminye iminako ehlobene namadoda.
Kodwa kungani ucabanga kanjalo? Kungani kungafanele kube ukuthi izinkambiso eziguquliwe zomsebenzi wasekhaya zikhiqizwa ukuguqulwa kobudlelwane bobulili ngokwazo, kunokubiza umsebenzi wasekhaya ingxenye yomnotho?
Ithathe uyibuyisele emuva. Ukube lena bekuyincwadi ekhuluma nge-feminism kanye nawo wonke umphakathi futhi ukube bengidweba umbono wobulili besifazane, angicabangi ukuthi abantu abaningi bebengabuza ukuthi singabala yini indawo yokusebenza njengomndeni ukuze ithole izinzuzo ubudlelwano obusha imindeni emisha kanye nezindawo zokuhlala enabo. Esikhundleni salokho, singathatha ngokuthi kuzomele kube nenguquko kwezomnotho, ingagcini ngokuzalana kuphela, futhi sizoncika kokwakuqala ekuchazeni kabusha impilo emsebenzini, njengoba nathi besilindele futhi sidinga ukuthi umnotho uhambisane. futhi ngisho nokuzuza izinzuzo ngokuzalana, futhi ngisho nanjengoba sisebenze ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi ukuzuza kwento ngayinye kuhambisana ngokuhambisana nenye.
Kunoma ikuphi, ngokusobala i-parecon inciphisa ukucwasa ngobulili ngoba ngakolunye uhlangothi ngeke ibe nasizathu futhi ingakwazi ngisho nokuhlanganisa izigaba zokucwasa ngokobulili, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi inika amandla futhi iholele abesifazane ngendlela evimbela ukuba ngaphansi kwabo kalula kunoma iyiphi enye indlela. indawo
Isimo esinenhlonipho silula nakakhulu futhi siqondile. Impela umthetho nezinye izinhlaka ngeke zivune ubulili obubodwa buqhathaniswa nobunye. Futhi imithetho izohambisana nokuzalana kwabesifazane, njengoba ukuzalana kwabesifazane kufanele kukhulise futhi kuhlalisane nabantu abakwazi ukuzibambela mathupha ukuphatha ubudlelwano bezepolitiki. Ngakho-ke ipolitiki izoba nemithetho, ngokomthethosisekelo nokunye, ukuqinisekisa ubunjalo bobudlelwano bezombangazwe kuyahambisana futhi ngisho nokuzala kwezinzuzo zabesifazane zobudlelwano obusha bokuzalana, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.
Mhlawumbe kuwukuntula kokuqonda kwethu okubonisayo, kodwa ngaphandle kwesifaniso esiqondile sengxoxo engenhla, ngokweqiniso asikuboni ukuhlobana okujulile kwezomnotho noma ezombusazwe nezocansi. Uma kukhona inzondo yabantu abathandana nabantu abathandana bobulili obufanayo noma ezinye izigaba zobulili emphakathini, futhi uma umnotho ungonxiwankulu, khona-ke umnotho - ngezinga abanikazi abakwazi ngalo ukwenza lokho - basebenzise noma yikuphi ukwehluka emandleni okuxoxisana abawanikezwayo. Ukuziphatha okujwayelekile okusuka phansi kuzophinde, okungenani, kubonise futhi kuvame ukubhebhethekisa lokho kuhluka. Nokho, ngaphezu kwalokhu, umnotho wobunxiwankulu nanoma iyiphi ipolitiki yokugunyazwa ingase ihlanganise amaphethini okuziphatha kongqingili neziqondile ezindimeni zezomnotho, amaphethini okusetshenziswayo, njll. Nokho, nge-parecon ne-parpolity, akukho ukuxhashazwa komehluko wobulili okungenzeka - kungasaphathwa okwenziwa ku umnotho - ngoba kunenkambiso eyodwa yenkokhelo kanye nencazelo eyodwa enengqondo yencazelo yezabasebenzi esebenza kuwo wonke umuntu futhi okuthi, ngokwencazelo yabo, ibeke izinketho zezikhundla, kuyilapho ipolitiki isuka futhi ngaleyo ndlela ibonakalisa futhi ivikele intando yabesilisa nabesifazane abafundiswa ubudlelwano babesifazane.
Okuhle nakakhulu, kubonakala kimi ukuthi noma yikuphi ubulili obukhululekile obuyosho emphakathini wesikhathi esizayo bungasheshiswa futhi bukhuthazwe ubudlelwano bezomnotho nezombusazwe obunikeza abalingisi amandla okuzilawula kanye nezabelo nje, ngaleyo ndlela bevame ukukhiqiza abalingisi abalindele ukudala, ukuqalisa, nokuzilawula kweminye imikhakha yempilo yabo ngaphandle nje kwezomnotho.
Kuthiwani ngengxabano yezizukulwane? I-Capitalism izohlala isebenzisa ukuhluka kweminyaka ukuze yenze inzuzo ngamaholo anciphile kwabancane nabadala ngenxa yalezi zifunda amandla okuxoxisana anciphile. Izosebenzisa amakhono ahlukene ahlobene nobudala ukuze ihlukaniselane abasebenzi ngokuxhaphaza futhi izosheshisa ukungena ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ihambe kancane kunokuhoxiswa komsebenzi okufanele, ngenxa yezizathu zokuxhaphaza. I-parecon, nokho, ngeke nje ikhuthaze ukuziphatha kobuntu njengokuzuzisa wonke umhlanganyeli - futhi, kunoma yikuphi, okuwukuphela kwendlela evunyelwe - kodwa izokwenza ukwephulwa kungenzeki ngenxa yokuphambana nokuchaza imikhuba nezakhiwo ze-parecon. Ku-parecon, ayikho indlela yokusebenzisa ukuhluka okususelwe eminyakeni yobudala ngoba ayikho indlela yokuzuza inzuzo. Ngokufanayo i-parpolity nayo izovikela futhi ifake intando yabantu bayo yonke iminyaka, njengoba ukuzilawula akuvumeli lutho oluncane.
Imiphakathi izonquma indima yabantu abadala okuhlanganisa iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi, kanjalo nangokungena kwentsha emithwalweni yezomnotho nepolitiki njengengxenye yokuthatha izinqumo ngobuhlakani. Nakuba ubudlelwano obujwayelekile kanye nobunye ubudlelwano obuphakathi kwezizukulwane obujwayelekile ngeke buphathwe yizinhlaka zezomnotho noma zezepolitiki kuphela futhi buzovela, esikhundleni salokho, ngenxa yenqwaba yezinto eziguquguqukayo ezihlanganisa izinhlobo ezintsha zokuzalana nobulili, iqiniso lokuthi i-parecon kanye ne-parpolity zidinga ukuthuthukiswa kanye abalingisi ababambe iqhaza ngokugcwele futhi abazilawulayo kubeka empilweni ngokujwayelekile ukuhlonishwa kwabo bonke abadlali futhi kunikeza bonke abadlali ukulingana okubonakalayo kanye nokuziphatha lapho kanye nemikhuba ephambene nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuzithoba okuvela kunoma yiziphi ezinye izikhungo zomphakathi.
Okwamanje asikazi ngokugcwele ukuthi buyoba njani ubulili obukhululayo, ubulili, kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwezizukulwane kodwa singasho ukuthi i-parecon kanye ne-parpolity kuzobonakala kufanelana futhi nokubakhulisa, njengoba nje bezokhulisa futhi bahlanganyele abantu abasha ukuze balungele. ukuze uzilawulele impilo yezomnotho nepolitiki. Kungakabiphi, ngethemba ukuthi umbono oqhubekayo wokuzalana wobudlelwano obuyisisekelo uzoba khona futhi lesi simangalo kanye ne-parecon kanye ne-parpolity - kanye nokuzalana kwabesifazane - kungachazwa kabanzi, kuhlolwe, noma kucwengwe, njengoba kudingeka.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela