Impi yomoya eyimfihlo iqhutshwa e-Iraq - ngokuvamile phakathi nasezindaweni ezizungezile ezikhungweni zabantu balelo zwe - esingakwazi ukuthola okuncane ngayo. Amasosha ase-US agcina imininingwane ngezikhali ezisetshenziswa emizamweni yawo yomoya ngaphansi kokusonga okuqinile, enqaba ukunikeza imininingwane ngesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa futhi anciphisa ukubaluleka kwamandla omoya e-Iraq. Kodwa umbono wochwepheshe uthi izinhlobo zokuhlasela kwezindiza ezisetshenziswa kulelo zwe, nakuba zingavezwa neze emithonjeni yethu yezindaba, zingase zibangele iningi labantu base-US kanye nokushona kwabantu base-Iraq abahlangene lapho kusukela ngokuhlaselwa kuka-2003.
Nakuba ezinye izici zempi yomoya ziseyimpicabadala, izikhulu ze-Air Force ziyavuma ukuthi izindiza zamasosha ase-US kanye nomfelandawonye zehlise amabhomu okungenani angamakhilogremu angu-111,000 lapho kuhloswe khona e-Iraq ngo-2006. Lesi sibalo, amabhomu angu-177, asifaki imicibisholo kanye namarokhethi angagadiwe, noma kusetshenziswe imijikelezo yenganono; futhi, ngokusho komkhulumeli we-US Central Command Air Forces (CENTAF), akacabangi ngezikhali ezisetshenziswa ezinye ze-Marine Corps nezinye izindiza zomfelandawonye noma yiziphi izindiza ezinophephela emhlane zeButho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayifaki izikhali ezisetshenziswa izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezihlomile zabaningi osonkontileka abazimele bandiza ngemishini yabo e-Iraq.
I-Air War, Iraq: 2006
Ezibalweni ezinikezwe i-Tomdispatch, i-CENTAF ibike ingqikithi ye-10,519 "imishini yokusekela emoyeni" e-Iraq ngo-2006, lapho indiza yayo yaphonsa amabhomu angu-177 futhi yadubula "imicibisholo ye-Hellfire / Maverick" engu-52. Lezi ziteleka zomoya kungenzeka ukuthi zazihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi esakazwe kakhulu kusukela ku- January air strike ngaphandle kwedolobha laseBaiji okubikwa ukuthi โkwabulala umndeni wabantu abangu-12,โ okuhlanganisa okungenani abesifazane abathathu nezingane ezintathu ezincane, kuze kube uDecember. ukuhlasela endaweni yokuphepha yabashokobezi endaweni yaseGarma, eduze kwaseFallujah, okubikwa ukuthi yabulala โabesifazane ababili nenganeโ ngaphezu kwama-guerilla amahlanu. Bese kuba khona izehlakalo ezingakhunjulwe kahle kakhulu, njengalezo zangoJulayi 28 lapho, ngokusho imibiko esemthethweni, i-Air Force Predator yendiza engenamuntu yacekela phansi imoto "yamasosha aphikisana ne-Iraqi" ngemicibisholo ye-Hellfire, kwathi i-Air Force F-16 Fighting Falcons "isebenzise i-GBU-12, yacekela phansi indawo yamasosha alwa ne-Iraqi," kokubili endaweni idolobha laseRamadi.
Isikhali sokugcina, i-Guided Bomb Unit-12, ibhomu eliqondiswa nge-laser elinenhloko yempi eyi-500-pound general, kwakuyibhomu elalisetshenziswa kakhulu e-Iraq ngo-2006, ngokwezibalo ze-CENTAF ezinikezwe i-Tomdispatch. Ngaphezu kwama-GBU-12 angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nanhlanu "achithiwe," angamashumi ayisithupha nesikhombisa aqondiswa ngesathelayithi, ama-500-pound GBU-38s kanye nezikhali eziyishumi nanhlanu ze-2,000-pound GBU-31/32 nazo zehliswa ekuhlosweni kwe-Iraq ngonyaka odlule, ngokusho kwesikhulu. Izibalo ze-Air Force.
Isikhali esisodwa esishiywe ngaphandle kwaleli ngqikithi amarokhethi - njengerokhethi engu-2.75-inch Hydra-70 engakwazi ukufakwa ama-warhead ahlukahlukene futhi exoshwa ezindizeni ezinamaphiko angashintshi kanye nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane eziningi. Isibalo samarokhethi adutshuliwe sigodliwe kwabezindaba ukuze, ngokusho komkhulumeli we-CENTAF, "bangagwegwesi izibalo bese bethula isithombe esingalungile somkhankaso womoya." Inani lamarokhethi adutshuliwe lingase libe likhulu njengoba, ngokusho kwe-2005 isitatimende sephephandaba ekhishwe nguSeni. Patrick Leahy (D-VT), osize ukuvikela inkontileka ye-Hydra eyizigidi ezingama-$900 ku-Army for General Dynamics, โirokhethi esetshenziswa kakhulu i-Hydra-70โฆ isisetshenziswe kakhulu e-Afghanistan nase-Iraqโฆ [futhi] isimiso sezikhali esisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke esethulwa ngendiza enophephela emhlane.โ Ekuqaleni konyaka odlule, USandra I. Erwin of I-National Defence Magazine yaphawula ukuthi amasosha ase-US abheke ukuthi iHydra isebenze njengesikhali esibiza kancane ezindaweni zasemadolobheni e-Iraq. โAmasosha asevele athenga futhi agcina izinkulungwane zamarokhethi e-Hydra angu-2.75-inch, futhi afuna ukuhlomisa angaba ngu-73,000 ngamakhithi e-laser, ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi 'isistimu yokubulala i-advanced precision kill,' noma i-APKWS. INavy izothenga izindiza ezinophephela emhlane zaseMarine Corps ezingu-8,000,โ kubhala yena.
Inani lama-canon rounds adutshulwe - amanye amamodeli we Isibhamu se-AC-130, isibonelo, yiba nesibhamu se-Gatling esingadubula kufika kumarounds angu-1,800 ngomzuzu owodwa- futhi kuyimfihlo eqashwe kakhulu. Isizathu esisemthethweni esibekiwe ukuthi โamabutho akhethekile avame ukusebenzisa izindiza ezinjenge-AC-130โ futhi njengoba โimisebenzi yazo nemisebenzi yazo ihlukaniswa, ngakho-ke lezi zibalo azikhishwa.โ
Imibuzo ephindaphindiwe emayelana nezibalo zenye intatheli mayelana nokudutshulwa kwezindiza ze-CENTAF ibangele ukuthi lesi sikhulu sisho ngokugcizelela ku-imeyili: โASIBIKILE IMIZUZWANA YECANNON.โ Isikhulu sakhe esiphezulu, u-Lt. Col. Johnn Kennedy, iPhini Lomqondisi we-CENTAF Public Affairs, walandela, waphawula:
โNgiyajabula ukukubona uthokozela imizamo emikhulu [ongaphansi kwami] aseyenzile kuwena. Ngithembe, cishe kubaluleke kakhulu kunokuphishekela inqwaba yenganono.โ
Kepha isibalo semizuliswano yenganono namarokhethi adutshulwe yizindiza zaseMelika akuyona into engasho lutho, ngokusho kuka Les Roberts, owayekade engudokotela wezifo eziwumshayabhuqe we-World Health Organization eRwanda phakathi nempi yombango kulelo zwe futhi enguchwepheshe wezindleko zabantu zempi yase-Iraq. Ngokuka-Roberts, owagcina e-Iraq ngo-2004 (lapho, ethi khona, wazibonela mathupha "ukuchithwa kwamabhulokhi wonke" e-Baghdad's Sadr City ngomlilo wenganono yasemoyeni), "umlilo werokhethi kanye nenganono ungadala iningi labantu abathintekayo. abashonile." Uyanezela, "Ngikuthola kuphazamisa ukuthi ngeke basikhiphe lesi [sibalo], kodwa okukhathaza nakakhulu ukuthi abazange balukhiphe ulwazi olunjalo kumaKhongolose alucelile."
Izikhulu zamasosha okungezona eze-CENTAF zazibambene umlomo ngokulinganayo mayelana nezikhali ezinjalo - okungenani nami. Isikhulu Sezindaba Zomphakathi esivela e-US Central Command sangitshela ukuthi i-Command ayizange ilandele imininingwane enjalo. Lapho ngibuza umkhulumeli womfelandawonye e-Baghdad mayelana nenani lamarokhethi nezinganono ezadutshulwa yizindiza ezinophephela emhlane ze-Army kanye ne-Marine Corps e-Iraq ngo-2006, ngatshelwa, "Asikwazi ukuphawula ngophenyo lwakho ngenxa yezokuphepha zokusebenza."
Ngibe sengiveza ukuthi ngenyanga edlule nje, ngo I-National Defence Magazine, uCol. Robert A. Fitzgerald, inhloko yezinhlelo zezindiza nenqubomgomo ye-Marine Corps, wacashunwa ethi, ngo-2006, โizindiza zasolwandle ezijikelezayo zandiza amahora angaphezu kuka-60,000 31,000 okulwa, futhi izinkundla ezinamaphiko aqinile zaqeda angu-80 80. Baphonsa amathani angu-3,532 amabhomu futhi badubula imicibisholo engu-2, amarokhethi angu-XNUMX XNUMX kanye nezinhlamvu ezincane ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili.โ
Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi lokhu kwamukelwa kubeke engcupheni ukuphepha kokusebenza, umkhulumeli uphendule wathi, "Angikwazi ukuphawula ngezinqubomgomo noma ukukhulula igunya le-Marine colonel."
Yize izibalo ze-Marine Corps 'kungenzeka ukuthi zifaka ingqikithi yezikhali ezisetshenziswa e-Afghanistan, lapho amandla omoya aseMelika ebambe iqhaza elikhulu ekulweni, ziyasikhumbuza ukuthi izibalo ezincane ezikhishwe yi-CENTAF azinikezi isithombe esinembile somoya. impi e-Iraq. Lawa manani aphelele, ngokusho kwe-CENTAF, "ahlukanisiwe nedatha enikeziwe" ku-Tomdispatch mayelana nezindleko zebhomu lase-Iraqi kanye ne-missile ngo-2006.
โUkuphishekela Okungapheliโ
Selokhu i-US yahlasela i-Iraq ngo-2003, impi yomoya yaseMelika e-Iraq, evame ukubhekela izindawo zasemadolobheni, iye yanikezwa isikhashana esifushane kwabezindaba. Ngo-2004, uTom Engelhardt, ebhala ku I-Tomdispatch, wabiza ukunakekela kulokhu kungabikho okusobala. Isiqephu sesibili sikaSeymour Hersh sokubika, "Emoyeni," eshicilelwe ku New Yorker ngasekupheleni kuka-2005, yethula ukunaka okuthile okujwayelekile kulesi sihloko. Imibhalo kaDahr Jamail, intatheli ezimele eyabika ngokuhlala kwaseMelika kanye nempi e-Iraq, ngaphambi futhi ngemuva i-Hersh piece, iphakathi kwe ukubhoboza of izingcezu ezinikeze amazwibela omkhankaso womoya kanye nomthelela wawo. Nokho, kuze kube manje, abezindaba abavamile abakaze basebenzise amazwi kaLt. Col. Kennedy, โekuphishekeleni ngokungaphezi inani lokudutshulwa kwenganonoโ noma esinye isici sempi yomoya noma imiphumela yayo kubantu. wase-Iraq.
Nakuba ngokungangabazeki singeke sazi inani eligcwele lezindleko zomuntu zomkhankaso womoya wase-US, izintatheli ezimbalwa nje ezinezinja ezinikezwe isigqi samandla omoya, okungenani, zinikeze umqondo wale mpi yomoya yohlangothi olulodwa. Njengoba lokhu akubanga njalo, kufanele sithembele ebufakazini obungcono kakhulu obutholakalayo. Okukodwa okubalulekile umthombo isampula yesampula yeqoqo labantu abafayo e-Iraq kusukela ekuhlaselweni kuka-2003. Kwenziwe odokotela bezifo eziwumshayabhuqe eJohns Hopkins University's Bloomberg School of Public Health kanye nodokotela base-Iraq abahlelwe ngeNyuvesi yaseMustansiriya eBaghdad, kulinganiselwa ukuthi bangu-655,000 โukufa okweqile kwase-Iraq ngenxa yempi.โ Ucwaningo, olushicilelwe kumagazini wezokwelapha waseBrithani, I-Lancet, ngo-Okthoba 2006, bathola ukuthi kusukela ngo-March 2003 kuya kuJuni 2006, i-13% yokufa okunobudlova e-Iraq kwakubangelwa iziteleka zomoya womfelandawonye. Uma isibalo esingama-655,000, okuhlanganisa nokufa okunodlame okungaphezu kuka-601,000, siseduze nokunemba - futhi ucwaningo lunikeza uhla lokufa kwabantu okungaba khona okusukela ku-392,979 kuya ku-942,636 - lokhu kungalingana nama-Iraqis angama-78,133 abulawa ngamabhomu, imicibisholo, amarokhethi, noma inganono. imizuliswano evela endizeni yomfelandawonye phakathi kuka-March 2003 ngenkathi ukuhlasela kwe-Iraq kuqala futhi ngoJuni odlule lapho ucwaningo luphetha.
Kunezinkomba zokuthi impi yasemoyeni yase-US ihlukumeze kakhulu izingane zase-Iraq. Ngokwezibalo ezinikezwe i-Tomdispatch ngu I-Lancet ababhali bocwaningo, ama-50% akho konke ukufa okunodlame kwezingane zase-Iraq ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-15 ubudala, phakathi kukaMashi 2003 noJuni 2006, kwakungenxa yeziteleka zomfelandawonye.
I-Lancet ucwaningo lusebenzise izindlela zocwaningo ezisekelwe kahle, ezifakazelwe ezindaweni ezingqubuzana kusukela e-Kosovo kuya e-Congo, futhi abaxoxisana nabo bahlole izitifiketi zokufa ezivela kuma-92% emindeni ehlolwe lapho beceliwe khona (abakwenza u-87% wesikhathi). I Iphrojekthi ye-Iraq Body Count, iqembu labacwaningi elizinze e-United Kingdom eligcina imininingwane yomphakathi yokufa kwezakhamuzi zase-Iraq ngenxa yempi, lizikhawulela ngokucophelela emibikweni emincane yabezindaba yokufa kwabantu okuphuma e-Iraq. Ngenkathi inani eliphansi kakhulu (okwamanje uhla lokufa okubikwa ngabezindaba limi kokuthi: 55,441-61,133) kune I-LancetOkutholakele, ukuhlaziya idatha yabo elinganiselwe ngokucophelela futhi kunikeza amazwibela wezindleko zomuntu zempi yomoya.
Izibalo ezinikezwe i-Tomdispatch yi-Iraq Body Count Project zibonisa ukuthi kusukela ekuhlaselweni kwe-US ngo-2003, iziteleka zomoya womfelandawonye ziye, ngokusho kwemithombo yabezindaba kuphela - njengoba sazi ukuthi ayigubuzele impi yomoya - okubangele phakathi kwe-15,593-17,067 izakhamuzi zase-Iraqi, okuhlanganisa nokufa kwe-3,625-4,093. Ngonyaka odlule, imibiko yabezindaba ibalwe phakathi kwabangu-169-200 base-Iraqi ababulawa kwathi abangu-111-112 balimala ezitelekeni ezihlukene ezingamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili ezihlukene zomfelandawonye, โโngokusho kwephrojekthi ye-IBC.
Lezi zibalo zibonakala zanda. Emlayezweni we-imeyili oya ku-Tomdispatch ngenyanga edlule, uJohn Sloboda, umsunguli kanye nomkhulumeli we-IBC Project, uphawula ukuthi "iningi [leziteleka zomoya ezibulalayo] bezikhona engxenyeni yokugcina yonyaka."
Lapho ebuzwa mayelana nezibalo ezilinganiselwe zokulimala kwamandla omoya ezinikezwe i-Iraq Body Count Project kanye nokuthi i-CENTAF iyazamukela, uLieutenant. ubuqiniso.โ Waba nempendulo efanayo lapho kufika I-Lancet okutholwe yisifundo.
Ebuzwa mayelana nokugomela kokuthi ingxenye yesibili ka-2006 yabulala kakhulu ama-Iraqi ngenxa yokuhlasela kwezindiza zase-US kanye nezizathu ezingase zibe khona zalokhu, uKennedy wabeka ngembaba elokuthi, โImpi, ngokobunjalo bayo inokuguquguquka nokugeleza, futhi sihlala sibuyekeza ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali. airpower ukusekela best amabutho phansi etiyetha. Lokhu sikubheka njengengxenye yenkontileka yethu namasosha empi. Njengoba singaxoxi ngezici zokusebenza zemishini, ngizokwenqaba ukuphawula okwengeziwe.โ
UKennedy uqhube wathi i-US yenza "yonke imizamo" "yokunciphisa umonakalo owenzelwa isibambiso kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isitha sisendaweni evulekile noma ngaphakathi kwedolobha." Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, ku- Los Angeles Times, uLt. Gen. Carrol H. โHowieโ Chandler, Iphini Lomphathi Wezisebenzi Zombutho Wasemoyeni Wokusebenza, Izinhlelo Nezimfuneko, wandisa kulo mkhakha wokucabanga, ephawula, โNgeke ngiwacime ngokuzenzakalelayo amandla omoya endaweni yasemadolobheni. ngenxa yokwesaba ukulimala okubambisene... Sinekhono lokukhomba ngokunemba kanye nezikhali ezintsha zokusebenza endaweni yasemadolobheni.โ
USarah Sewall, owasebenza njengePhini LikaNobhala Womsizi Wezokuvikela kusukela ngo-1993 kuya ku-1996 futhi manje osenguMqondisi weCarr Center for Human Rights Policy eHarvard, uyavuma ukuthi amandla omoya anendima okufanele ayidlale emisebenzini yasemadolobheni, futhi anganciphisa ngisho nokulimala kwabantu. izimo ezithile. Nokho, uyaxwayisa, โNginokungabaza okukhulu mayelana nokusebenza kwamandla omoya kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga futhi ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo zezinkinga esizibona ngokuvamile, usuku nosuku, e-Iraq namuhla.โ Njengoba etshela u-Tomdispatch, "Inkinga iza uma ucabanga ukuthi ilingana nokusebenza kwamandla aphansi."
Ijubane liyashesha
Ngo-2005, i-CENTAF yabika ukuthi isebenzisa amabhomu angu-404 nemicibisholo e-Iraq. Ngo-2006, ukuthuleka okusobala (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhlasela okubulalayo noma nje ekubikeni kwabo) engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka kubonakala sengathi kunikeze indlela yokwanda kokuhlaselwa okubulalayo phakathi nengxenye yesibili. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuphela ku-2007, amasosha aseMelika ayesevele ehlasele emazweni amathathu - i-Afghanistan, i-Iraq neSomalia. Futhi e-Iraq, impi yomoya ingase ikhule ngesivinini kanye nobudlova. Isibonelo, ngoJanuwari 9, i-US yethula amandla ayo omoya ku-Haifa Street yase-Baghdad, "iningi lama-Sunni Arab enclave wezakhiwo zokuhlala nezitolo." Ngokusho kwe Washington Post, โIzindiza zempi ze-F-15 zazulazula ophahleni ngenganono, kuyilapho indiza enophephela emhlane ye-Apache idubula imicibisholo ye-Hellfire.โ Kwenye indawo e-Iraq ngalolo suku, ngokwemibiko ye-Air Force, ama-F-16 ahlakazekile eduze ne-Bayji ngomlilo wezinganono, kuyilapho abanye bewisa ama-GBU-38 ezindaweni ezihlosiwe eduze kwaseTurki Village; kanye nama-F-15Es anikeze โukusekelwa emoyeniโ emasosheni eduze kwaseBasrah.
Ngabo lobo busuku, emuva e-US, ukusakazwa kwe-Fox News Channel ethi โSpecial Report with Brit Humeโ kwanikeza amazwibela kafushane ngempi yomoya endabeni kaDavid Macdougall, okwathi, uHume, โehlanganiswe ne-Air Force indawo esingakwazi ukuyikhomba, lapho kungezona izindiza zempi kuphela, kodwa amabhomu abhodla emoyeni ebheke kwezinye izindawo e-Iraq.โ I-Macdougall ibike ukuthi i-B-1B Lancer, ibhomu lebanga elide elithwala izikhali ezinkulu kunazo zonke e-Air Force, ngokokuqala ngqa esikhathini esingaphezu konyaka, yaphinde yaqashwa empini e-Iraq.
โLawa mabhomu eB-1 abeyisizinda sokugasela. Sitshelwa ukuthi bandize uhambo lwamahora ayishumi, futhi ngokubukeka kwezindawo zabo zamabhomu ezingenalutho, lezi zindiza zawisa izinkulungwane zamaphawundi ezikhali. Baqhumise amabhomu ezindaweni ezingama-25 ngaphakathi e-Iraq,โ kusho yena. Kwesinye salezi zindawo, ubike ukuthi, amasosha athunyelwe ngemuva kwesiteleka somoya kubikwa ukuthi athole "isikhungo sokulawula nokulawula, isibhedlela sabashokobezi, kanye negumbi elilingana negumbi eligcwele igazi." Ngeke sazi ukuthi lelo gumbi โelimbozwe igaziโ laliyisikhungo sokuhlushwa, ingxenye yesibhedlela, noma ngabe โlimbozweโ ngendlela efanayo eyabangela ukubulawa kwabantu base-Iraqi be-280 ngenxa yeziteleka zomoya ezibikwe kwabezindaba, futhi eziningi ngokungangabazeki ezingabikwanga futhi zinganakwa, ngonyaka odlule. Lokhu kusengenye futhi ingxenye yempi yomoya ezohlala iyimpicabadala.
I-Secret Air War
Nakuba ukubika ngempi yomoya kuvame ukungabonakali, ngaphandle nje kokuthi isigaba esixakile ezincekwini zempi zansuku zonke ezivela e-Iraq (ezithembele kakhulu ekunikeni amasosha noma izithangami zabezindaba), izikhala olwazini lwethu ngempi yomoya zenziwe lula. ngokwehluleka kwebutho lase-US ukwethembeka nokuza nakho kokubili idatha nezimfundiso. Kulokhu, umbutho wezempi ube yiwona mthombo wabezindaba.
Ngokunikezwa kolwazi lwe-CENTAF lokuthi, noma ngabe izikhali zabo โzihlakanipheโ kangakanani noma ukunemba kangakanani, abangamasosha, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, nakanjani bazofa ezitelekeni zasemoyeni, ngibe nombuzo kuLt. Col. Kennedy: Angachaza kanjani ukuthi i-CENTAF yanquma ukuthi yiliphi izinga elamukelekayo lezisulu zezakhamuzi eyayizimisele ukuzidela ngenxa yezinhloso zempi? Impendulo yakhe: โHhayi ngendlela eyanele obungajabula ngayo.โ
Impendulo kaKennedy yenela itimu egijima ezimpendulweni zakhe zemibuzo yami. Ngesinye isikhathi ekushintshaneni kwethu, empeleni waphakamisa ukuthi isihloko mayelana nempi yomoya e-Iraq kwakungeyona "indaba esebenzayo" futhi wangitshela ukuthi ngingaphinde ngixhumane naye kuze kube yilapho ngingaphansi kwenkontileka yokukhiqiza isihloko esihlangabezana nezindinganiso zakhe. Kamuva wathi ukuphawula kwakhe okusebenzayo kwakungenxa โyesimo sami esisobala sokuzimelaโ kanye neqiniso lokuthi angizange nginikeze โikhophi yanoma iyiphi inkontileka, noma ukuxhumana nomshicileli.โ
Wabhala: โLapho unginikeza ukwaziswa okunjalo ngizokujabulela ukukuphendula imibuzo yakho. Ngemva kokunikeza ubufakazi bokuthi ngempela ngiyintatheli, wazimisela ukuphinde angiphendule, waphetha, โLena i-imeyili yokugcina engizoyiphendula evela kuwe.โ
U-Kennedy wayengomunye wezikhulu zezempi zase-US ezabhuntshisa imizamo yokudalula uhlaka lwangempela kanye nemvelo yempi yomoya yaseMelika kanye nomonakalo wayo kuma-Iraqis. Ngaphandle kokukhishwa kwansuku zonke kwe-Air Force izifinyezo ze-airpower ngokubaluleka okungabazisayo, imizamo yamasosha igcine cishe zonke izici zempi yomoya iyimfihlo evela kubantu baseMelika ekhaya.
Phakathi neMpi YaseVietnam, i-United States yenza impi yomoya eyimfihlo eCambodia, yaqamba amanga ngayo kwabezindaba, futhi yayifihla emphakathini waseMelika. E-Iraq, amasosha, kule minyaka edlule, ahlanganyele ohlotsheni oluhlukile lomkhankaso womoya oyimfihlo, kodwa izindlela zawo zokuwugcina uyimfihlo zibonakala zinokufana okuthile. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, emhlanganweni emcimbini we-Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, u-Les Roberts, umlobi ohlanganyela naye. I-Lancet efunda futhi manje esengumfundisi e-Columbia University's Programme on Forced Migration and Health, ukhumbula isimemezelo somkhulumeli wePentagon sokuthi, ngaphandle kwezinye izingosi zaseNajaf nasesifundazweni sase-al-Anbar, amasosha ayegwemile noma yikuphi ukuhlaselwa kwama-mosque e-Iraq. URoberts uthe inkulumo yomkhulumeli ihluke kakhulu kumaqiniso asobala, ekhumbula ukuthi โemasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba ngibone izindiza ezinophephela emhlane zicekela phansi iMosque enhle cishe ihora eningizimu yeBaghdad.โ
Lapho ngibuza uLt. Col. Kennedy ukuthi kungani i-CENTAF ingazange ilandelele izibalo zabantu abafa empini yomoya, wabeka icala ekomkhulu, okuyiHhovisi LikaNobhala Wezokuvikela: โHamba ubuze i-OSD njengoba singayibeki inqubomgomo lapha. ,โ wabhala.
"Ngicabanga ukuthi inhlanzi ebomvu," kusho uSewall, owayeyisikhulu sePentagon, etshela uTomdispatch. โBasebenzisa amandla amakhulu besebenzisa amamodeli wekhompiyutha ukuze babikezele ukuthi izingcezwana zengilazi zizoshonaphi, bese bengenandaba nokuthi leyo mizamo yokulawula indlela izingcezu zengilazi iphumela ngayo ekubulaleni abantu abambalwa, ngoba abakaze bazihluphe ngokuthola ukuthi empeleni iphumelele yini ukubulala abantu abambalwa.โ Njengoba asho engxoxweni yocingo, "kuyisimo esingenangqondo."
"Uma bebefuna, bebengakwazi, ngokwezinqubo zabo zangaphakathi," kusho uSewall ngokulandela umkhondo wabantu abalimala. "Ngicabanga ukuthi akunasizathu sokuthi awenzi umsebenzi ongcono."
U-Nick Turse ungumhleli nomqondisi wocwaningo we-Tomdispatch.com. Ubhalele i-Los Angeles Times, iSan Francisco Chronicle, the Nation, the Village Voice, futhi njalo ye-Tomdispatch.
[Le ndatshana yaqala ukuvela ngo I-Tomdispatch.com, ibhulogi yewebhu ye-Nation Institute, enikeza ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kweminye imithombo, izindaba, kanye nemibono evela ku-Tom Engelhardt, umhleli wesikhathi eside ekushicilelweni, Umsunguli we- i-American Empire Project nombhali Ukuphela KweMasiko Okunqoba, umlando wokunqoba kweMelika eMpini Yomshoshaphansi, inoveli, Izinsuku Zokugcina Zokushicilela, Futhi Umsebenzi Awufezwanga (Izincwadi Zesizwe), iqoqo lokuqala lezingxoxo ze-Tomdispatch.]
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela