Ngaphesheya kwamanxiwa aseSidon yasendulo, u-Matt Williams utshuza njengomunye wemifanekiso efana nenduku esezitsheni zobumba zaseMycenaean yena nozakwabo baseLebanon nabaseBrithani abayitholile. Unqamula idwala, uqhwakela odongeni lwaseSidoni lwangenkathi ephakathi, izandla zakhe zinyakaza emithonjeni eswakeme namakholomu amaRoma afakwe ezindongeni ze-Crusader. “Lokhu ukumba okujabulisa kakhulu engake ngasebenza kukho emsebenzini wami,” usho kanje. "Futhi kuzoba ukumbiwa okuhle kakhulu engingake ngisebenze kukho esikhathini esizayo."
Uma abanikazi bezinja bebukeka njengezilwane zabo ezifuywayo, u-Matt Williams angabukeka kancane njengamaqhawe awasizile ukuwavula, noma mhlawumbe u-500 BC shard kaHermes ethola "umfakisicelo". UHermes wayeyisithunywa sonkulunkulu kanye nonkulunkulu wemigwaqo nezohwebo - okukhona inala eSidoni - kanye nobuqili nokweba, lapho umvubukuli waseBrithani ozimele waseCambridge engenacala. Ekanye nomngane wakhe waseLebanon u-Enas Saleh, osechithe iminyaka engu-15 kule ndawo emangalisayo emaphakathi neSidon endala, uMat Williams usechithe iminyaka eyisithupha nje emba impilo yehlelo nezinsuku zedili nobudlova babantu abahlala endaweni noma kunjalo, ngezikhathi ezithile, idolobha eliyingozi.
Njengoba umnyango wezinto zasendulo waseLebanon ungumnikazi walo mlando omncane - ekuqaleni wawungaphansi kwesikole sobuKristu esabhidlizwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule - azikho izinkinga zomthetho, azikho izimangalo zezakhiwo, abekho abathuthukisi abazama ukuqeda ukutholwa kwemivubukulo. Ngakho-ke, futhi lesi yisizathu sokujabula kukaWilliams, abemba kanye namatrowel nabahlanzi kanye nezazi-mlando bangasebenza ngendlela yabo kusukela emazingeni amadala eSidoni - Chalcolithic, ekuqaleni, iNkathi Ye-Bronze kanye ne-Iron Age kuze kufike kumaPheresiya, AmaRoma, nemigwaqo yawo egandaywe ngomgwaqo nemisele nezindonga, kanye nezisekelo zothango lwaMabutho Enkolo Enkathi Ephakathi. Konke kukhona.
Futhi funa ucabange ukuthi lokhu kuyinhlakanhlaka yezemfundo, vele ulalele uMat Williams lapho echaza izinsalela zomuntu zamaQembu Enkolo, angcwatshwa ngokuphangisa ethuneni elikhulu ngaphansi kwezindonga zenkathi ephakathi esikhathini esithile cishe ngo-1250. Abanye bamaMpi Yenkolo babenqunywe amakhanda. Uthi: “Kube nohlobo oluthile lokuhlasela futhi cishe bafa belwa. “Kwakunamanxeba okunqunywa emathanjeni futhi ajikijelwa emathuneni amancane, angu-15 kuwo, emgodini ongashoni phansi kwezindonga zekhulu le-13.” Ngokufa kwabo empini, asisakwazi.
ISidoni ngaleso sikhathi yayiyingxenye yethiyori “Yombuso WaseJerusalema”, futhi iNqaba Yolwandle - manje esengenye yezindawo eziheha kakhulu izivakashi namuhla ezingalokothanga ukuza lapha - yakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1220s. I-Saladin yayikade ifile futhi i-Knights Templar yayisabambelele ogwini lwaseLebanon ngo-1280, izinqaba zabo ezingaphambi kolwandle zahlukanisa usuku olulodwa ngomkhumbi, njengoba i-hinterland manje yayisezandleni "zezitha". Lezi zinqaba ze-Crusader zazilingana nezakudala zikaDonald Rumsfeld "ama-lily-pads", izisekelo zamasosha ezibiyelwe ngodonga ukuze kuvikelwe amabutho "empucuko" yaseNtshonalanga ngokumelene namabutho amaqaba (amaphekula) ngaphandle.
Ubuqiniso balo mlando omnyama buboniswa embukisweni omncane omuhle oseceleni kwendawo. Isithombe seBritish Museum sezinsalela zeCrusader siyathusa futhi sinsundu ngokumnyama - ingxenye yamathambo manje isiseNyuvesi yaseBradford enesikhungo sezifo zasendulo, ezinye zigcwele emabhokisini angaphezu kwesiza - kodwa futhi kukhonjiswa ikhophi yasekuqaleni. Umdwebo wekhulu le-14 waseSaint Louis (owokuqala useMetropolitan Museum of New York) ungcwaba amathambo amaCrusader eSidoni. Ngenkathi usanta omuhle nothweswe umqhele ngenhlonipho enqwabelanisa izingebhezi zekhanda esakeni, iphunga libi kangangokuthi abathathu babasizi bakhe bavala imilomo yabo ngezandla nangendwangu.
Kunoma yikuphi, amaMamluk adla iSidon ngo-1291, abakwaTemplars bagcina beyishiyile inqaba yabo yasolwandle ngomhlaka-14 Julayi, kwathi ngesikhathi u-Ibn Batutah efika eminyakeni engaba ngu-60 kamuva, iSidoni yabhuqwa yizihlahla zezithelo, ithumela amakhiwane, omisiwe namafutha omnqumo kwamanye amazwe. iGibhithe. Kodwa lokhu, ngomqondo othile, umlando “wethu” waseNtshonalanga. Isikhathi esidlule sangempela seSidon saqala ezinkulungwaneni ezimbili zeminyaka ngaphambili futhi sasakazeka kukho kokubili inganekwane nezincwadi. Lena indawo okwazalelwa kuyo uDido waseCarthage, owayehlinzeka ngokhuni lomsedari ethempelini laseJerusalema, futhi uHomer awuchaza kuyi-Iliad njengedolobha lapho uPeleus ayefuna khona umklomelo wakhe womjaho wezinyawo, isitsha sesiliva: “Ngenxa yobuhle bawo wawudlula konke. abanye emhlabeni kude, njengoba abaseSidoni abachwepheshile babeyisebenze kahle futhi abaseFenike bayithwala phezu kobuso obunenkungu emanzini.
Indawo yaseSidoni ikhiqize amagugu ahambisana nalokhu. Kunamabhodwe angamacylindrical asekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-5 BC abonisa amaqhawe egibela amahhashi futhi ephethe imikhonto, imifanekiso yonkulunkulu kusukela ekuqaleni kweBronze Age - ingxube ye-naïve kanye ne-surreal uma sizosebenzisa ukunambitheka kobuciko banamuhla - futhi kunamakhanda ezembe aphuma emathuneni, kanye nethuna elilodwa elakhiwe ngezitini zodaka kusukela kuNkathi Yethusi ephakathi nendawo okwakufanele ashaywe kulo, amadolo ohlaka lwamathambo acishe aphoqelelwa ukungena emgodini wawo wesisu.
U-Enas Saleh uchaza ukuthi izingane zaseSidoni zanamuhla zibheka kanjani izithombe zala mathambo. “Ikakhulukazi, bafuna ukwazi amagama alaba bantu,” uyahleka. Kodwa-ke, izingane zilungile ukubuza lo mbuzo. Ngisho nabafileyo basemandulo bafanelwe ubunjalo babo bobuntu futhi ngisho nami, ngifakwe ezidumbu zesimanje neziqhumile engizibone emakhazeni anamuhla aseSidoni, ngiyazibuza ukuthi laba bantu abashona kudala bakufanele ngempela yini ukuboshelwa phezulu bayiswe eNyuvesi yaseBradford. Mayelana nobunikazi, maye, bekufanele ucebe noma ube ngubupristi noma ube inkosi ukuze igama lakho liqoshwe eminyakeni eyizi-3,000 edlule.
Kukhona, isibonelo, ipuleti yaseFenike yasekuqaleni ye-Iron Age eyatholwa esizeni, ibhala ukuthi u-Abdyahu wayengumpristi ophethe ama-altare amaningana. Baze bathola ngisho nensimbi eshaywayo, “isistru” esetshenziselwa imidanso yenkolo ukukhulekela unkulunkulukazi waseGibhithe uHathor. Iqoqo lama-earphone embukisweni linikeza izivakashi umsindo womculo wawo, ukunkenketha, okubukeka sengathi, kwezingcezwana zensimbi. Futhi ngokuthakazelisayo, leli thuluzi laqanjwa ngokuhuzula kwenkomo idlula esihlahleni se-papyrus.
Abavubukuli bathole imihlobiso elengayo yegolide, amacici, namasongo esiliva futhi, mhlawumbe okuthakazelisa kakhulu, nophawu oluncane oluyisilinda olubonisa umkhulekeli waseMesophothamiya ngokusobala onesipho, unkulunkulukazi ohlezi kanye neqhawe elinentshebe eligqoke isigqoko senkunzi, elimpompa amanzi. yendololwane yakhe yesokunxele. Imbobo engaphakathi kusilinda kumelwe ukuba yabhodlwa, kodwa abakhi bawo babedinga ingilazi noma izibuko zakudala ukuze bahlohle le mininingwane engavamile esigxivizweni setshe lensipho esicishe sibe intshi ubude.
Izinsalela zezilwane zifakazela ukuthi abantu baseSidoni basendulo babezingela futhi bedla imvubu, amabhere, izingulube nezinyamazane. Babelungisiwe, njengezizwe eziningi zasendulo, nonkulunkulu, ubudoda, ubulili nokufa - inzalo yabo yanamuhla ingaba necala lokuthatheka okunjalo - nakuba impilo ingaba lula manje. Ukuze uthole isemishi elihle le-falafel, kufanele uhambe uhhafu wemayela wehle uye esitolo sika-Abu Sami sasePalestine esibhekene neNqaba Yolwandle. Kodwa kukhona ukufana okwesabekayo. Ngokuphambana nje nendawo yokumbiwa kunelinye lamathuna eSidoni. Umkhulu kanye nogogo womngane wami bangcwatshwe lapho futhi nalapha kungcwatshwe amadoda amahlanu abulewe (ngachitha amasonto ayisithupha ngiphenya ngokufa kwabo), ashaywa ngonogada bakwa-Israel kwaze kwaba sekufeni ekamu lesikhashana lasejele efektri yezithelo yaseSidon ngo-1982.
Futhi igagasi labantu abagezekile kuleli dolobha elidala liyaqhubeka. Iningi lezakhamizi ezihlala eduze kwendawo yokumba lapho uMat Williams nozakwabo basebenza khona bangababaleki basePalestine, ababaleki base-Iraq futhi manje, izinkulungwane zababaleki abavela ekuchithekeni kwegazi eSyria. Ngoba naphezu kwezinto zabo zobuciko ezinhle, umusa wobuciko babo kanye nemibhalo yabo yasendulo, intambo eyodwa ebopha abantu basendulo kubantu abahlala lapha manje, impi.
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