Sonke sazi abantu abaningi abacabanga ukuthi “ayikho enye indlela†(TINA) esikhundleni sobunxiwankulu. Futhi sonke siyazi ukuthi ngakwesobunxele manje sekuwumgomo oqinile ukugcizelela isiqubulo esithi “enye izwe lingenzeka.” Nokho, akukhona ukuma okuyingxabano.
Ukuze kube ingxabano, ukuma okumelene nonxiwankulu kudinga ubufakazi bolunye uhlelo, noma, kafushane kwalokho, incazelo yenye indlela enecala eliphoqelelayo ukuthi izofaneleka futhi isebenze. Ngivame ukuzama ukusiza ekulweni ne-TINA ngokukhuthaza umnotho wokubamba iqhaza. Engifuna ukukukhuluma lapha, nokho, umqondo ongemuva kwe-TINA. Iyini ingqikithi ye-TINA? Futhi, ngingathanda ukukhuluma nomehluko oyinhloko mayelana nokuzuza omunye umhlaba, uma sikholwa ukuthi singakwenza lokho.
I-TINA's Logic
Abanye abantu bamemezela ukuthi “Ayikho Enye Inye Indlela†yokwenza kuphela ukulungisa uhlelo. UMargaret Thatcher akazange abe nengxabano. Wayenezwi lokugomela kanye ne-megaphone esakaza umhlaba wonke. Kodwa abanye abantu abaningi bayakuphikisa ukungabi nabulungisa, nokho bayangabaza ukuthi kukhona okunye. I-fatalism yabo ivimbela ukulwa ne-capitalism. Umsebenzi wabo wesibindi awusinaki isimiso esisha. Noma kunjalo abantu abaningi abashukunyiswa ngokuphelele imizwa ye-TINA. Imuphi umqondo u-TINA anawo ngale kwenkulumo-ze nje?
Ingxabano ye-TINA ehlupha abaningi ihamba kanje.
(1) Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungokwemvelo noma ngenxa yokunyatheliswa kwesistimu, abantu bayahaha futhi bazimisele ngakho.
(2) Isimiso senhlalo esihlongozwayo esingakunaki lokhu kuhaha sinjengomshini endizayo ohlongozwayo ongawanaki amandla adonsela phansi. Uma ike yafika esigabeni sokuhlolwa, izohluleka ngokuphelele, noma, uma ifinyelelwa, ibuyele kokuningi noma okuncane kwalokho esesivele sinakho.
(3) Impendulo enengqondo iwukucwenga uhlelo lwamanje oluhambisa ukuhaha ukuze kukhiqizwe izinga elithile lempucuko nenqubekelaphambili yomphakathi.
Ngamafuphi, kufanele sizame ukulungisa umonakalo owesabekayo wonxiwankulu, njengoba sibona ukuthi ubunxiwankulu buyoba nathi ingunaphakade.
Inkinga ngale mpikiswano ukuthi njengoba abaningi abamelene nonxiwankulu beyifunda, akuyona neze ingxabano. Iphuzu (3), elingu-TINA, alilandeli kwamanye, okungenani uma sinokuqonda okujwayelekile kwesimangalo sokuthi abantu bayahaha.
Okulandelayo kulokhu okuphawuliwe, okubonakala kimina, ukuthi noma yiluphi uhlelo lwezenhlalakahle ludinga ukuqaphela ukuthi abantu bafisa izimo zokuphila ezifiselekayo kanye nokuphila kahle kwezinto ezibonakalayo futhi banamandla nokuqonda abangaphishekela ngakho lokhu, nokuthi bazokwenza kanjalo. Ngakho-ke ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle yezenhlalo – yithi, ukungabi nasigaba – uhlelo lwezenhlalo kufanele lunikeze abantu izindlela zokuqhubekisela phambili izimo zabo zempilo kanye namathuba abo ngamandla abo kanye nokuqonda futhi kufanele futhi baqinisekise ukuthi lapho abantu bephishekela ukuphila kwabo ngendlela engenakugwenywa. umphumela uzoba ukwanda komphakathi kanye nobumbano kunokuba kwandiswe ukungahambisani nomphakathi kanye nokwehlukana. Ohlelweni olukhethwayo ukwenza kahle kumele kudinge ukuzibophezela komphakathi.
Ngamanye amazwi, ukuphikisana okunikezwa egameni le-TINA empeleni akusho ukuthi i-TINA, kodwa ukuthi ukuphakamisa omunye umnotho (noma omunye umkhakha wempilo) kudingeka sicabange izikhungo ezivumela abantu ukuba bafeze imisebenzi yaleyo ndawo yempilo ngezindlela ezithuthukelayo. inhlalakahle yabo kodwa futhi ethuthukisa ukubumbana komphakathi futhi ikhiqize ukulingana nokuzilawula kunokukhiqiza ukuhlukana ngokwezigaba nokubusa kwabaningi ngabambalwa.
Ukuthi abantu bayahaha akunikezeli isizathu sokucabanga ukuthi lokhu akunakwenzeka. Ayifaki isivimbamgwaqo ukuze iguquke (okungaba i-TINA), kodwa kunalokho ithi, ngibonise ukuthi yini onganginikeza yona ukuze abantu bathuthukise izimpilo zabo, kodwa lokho futhi kuletha imiphumela nje.
Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abaveza noma abazwa lolu hlobo noma ingxabano, bayithatha yonke indlela eya e-TINA. Ngezinye izikhathi abazange bayicabangele impendulo engenhla. Kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi kukhona elinye ithuba elivame kakhulu. Uma siphinda sifunda igama elithi “ukuhaha†ekwakhekeni kwalo ukuze lisho okungaphezu nje kokufuna impilo yomuntu siqu nentuthuko, khona-ke kungaba ukuthi uma izakhiwo zabo ziyiqiniso, u-TINA uyalandela impela.
Ake sithi uma uNoam Chomsky no-Arundhati Roy benza iphrojekthi ehlanganyelwe bazofika ngamunye ezingeni lempilo le-10 (i-accounting for material wellness, izimo, izinketho, njll.). Ake sithi futhi, uma bephikisana bodwa futhi befuna ukuhlangana nokuqhumisa icilongo, lowo ozuza ukubusa uzothola inkomba ka-8 futhi ohluliwe uzothola inkomba yesi-6.
Ngicabanga ukuthi ummeli we-TINA uthi abantu bafisa ukubusa abanye kangangokuthi badela ngokuzithandela inani elikhulu layo yonke eminye imiphumela efiselekayo ukuze baqhudelane – kangangokuthi uNoam no-Arundhati esibonelweni sethu esincane bazolahlekelwa yisilinganiso sokuphila. ukuze bondle izinkanuko zabo ezingasuthisi ukuze zibuse. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngeke kwenzeke ukudlulisela le drayivu ebuhlotsheni obubodwa ezindaweni ezifana nokuba muhle noma ube ngcono kokuthile, ngaphandle, nokho, ukuqongelela ingcebo namandla engeziwe. Isidingo sokubusa sizongena kuzo zonke izingxenye zempilo, ikakhulukazi ukuzama ukuthola izinto eziningi kanye nokusho okwengeziwe.
Kulungile, ngicabanga ukuthi leso sithombe esine-jaundiced sesintu ngesenye (okuyiqiniso ngokwezinga elithile ngokuncintisana kwesintu ngaphansi kwezimakethe), sinikeza umqondo wecala le-TINA. Isibonelo, ngimela uhlelo lwezomnotho olubizwa nge-participatory economics (noma i-parecon) esikhundleni sobunxiwankulu. Kungenye indlela, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukuphikiswa kwe-TINA.
Ku-parecon kunezikhungo ezintsha ezidala ukungabi nasigaba okusekelwe ekulinganeni, ekubumbaneni, ekuhlukeni, nasekuziphatheni komuntu siqu. Ukwehlukana kwabasebenzi okudala kuphelile, ukwabiwa kokuncintisana kuphelile, njalo njalo. Kodwa, uma abantu, noma ngabe bezalwa noma ngenxa yokuqoqwa komphakathi, bebeqhutshwa ukubusa njengoba kuvezwa isithombe esonakele esivezwe ngenhla, yebo, kuyabonakala ukuthi asikwazanga ukuthola i-parecon noma, uma sithole abalawuli abambalwa abakhohlisa wonke umuntu ukuba angene kuso, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukungabi nasigaba kwaso kuzobuyela ebuhlotsheni bonxiwankulu noma ukusebenza kwawo kuzophahlazeka kushise futhi sonke sizobulawa yindlala.
Ngakho-ke yini iphuzu lami? Ngokusobala angisamukeli isithombe sobuntu ngemuva kwe-TINA noma ngamukele i-TINA uqobo, ngakho kungani uzihlupha ngokusihlola? Iphuzu liwukuthi, lapho abagqugquzeli bomhlaba ongcono sihlangana nabaphikisi, akufanele sithathe ngokushesha ubuchopho obuntula noma izindinganiso ezimbi. Kungaba ukuthi banomehluko oqotho, onengqondo mayelana nokuthi yini ekhona emhlabeni nokuthi yini engabekwa ngokusobala kunoma yiliphi ikusasa elibonakalayo.
Futhi ngisho noma umuntu ophikisana nathi engenazo izisusa eziqotho, ngokuqinisekile baningi abanye abanazo. Ngakho-ke, kusifanele, ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi sibeke udaba lwethu ngokusemandleni ethu – futhi sibe nolaka kuphela uma izisusa ezinonya zenziwa sobala ngokujulile futhi ingekho enye indlela. Nginenkinga enkulu yokuthobela lesi seluleko lapho ngihlangabezana nezimemezelo ze-TINA, ngakho-ke ngicabanga ukuthi kufanelekile ukusho njengekhambi elibalulekile lokuba amahlelo, ugibe sonke esingawela kulo kalula.
Bengilokhu ngikhuluma, vele, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwama-libertarian leftists abafuna umhlaba ongenalo izigaba zokungabi nabulungisa namandla kanye nentando yeningi yezenhlalo noma abantu abademotiki benomuzwa wokuthi kufanele sivume ukuhlala unomphela konxiwankulu. Kodwa ngifuna ukuhlola elinye icala lemibono ephikiswayo, futhi.
Silithola kanjani izwe elisha?
I-Lenin noma i-Anti-Lenin?
Mhlawumbe impikiswano enkulu yamanje yamasu phakathi kwalabo abafuna umhlaba omusha iphakathi kwamaLeninst nabangewona amaLenin. Ngisohlangothini lokugcina, futhi yebo ngicabanga ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi amaLeninist angamaLeninist hhayi njengesinyathelo sokugcina, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi isakhiwo nendlela kuza ngokwemvelo kubo ngenxa yesizinda kanye nezinqubo, futhi ngisho nangenxa yokuthi indlela ihambisana nokufunwayo. ukubusa kwezepolitiki nezomnotho, nakuba kuneso lokuqeda ukubusa kwebhizinisi.
Ngokufanayo, kufanele ngivume ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi thina abamelene noLenin sibamba imibono yethu ngokungahambisani nomuntu siqu nenhlangano, ukulawulwa komphakathi, kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi, sikhukhuleka ezimweni eziphikisana nezikhungo ezimbi njenganoma yini amaLeninst asisola ngayo. Futhi ngempela, yile ndlela izinhlangothi ezimbili ezivame ukubonisana ngayo: njengamarobhothi ahleliwe ngokumelene nokungaphenduleki okuphethwe umoya. Kodwa, kuthiwani uma sibheka okuhlukile okuhle kakhulu kohlangothi ngalunye kunokubi kakhulu? Khona-ke yini umehluko?
Lowo mfundi weLeninist ongcono kakhulu uzothi “Ngifuna ukungabi nasigaba kwangempela, intando yeningi yokubamba iqhaza kweqiniso, ukuphela kobukhosi, kanye nokuphela kokucwasa okuhlanganisa ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko okunothisiwe.†Lowo omelene noLenini ongcono kakhulu uzosho into efanayo. Zombili – zingcono kakhulu, phela – kuzosho lokho. Kuze kube manje, awukho umehluko.
ULeninist ongcono kakhulu uzothi ngokulandelayo “uma sinikezwe amandla amakhulu ombuso esibhekene nawo, kufanele silwe nomlilo ngomlilo.” Indaba esemqoka akusiwo udlame, kodwa ukusebenzisana phezulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kanye nodlame. lokho okungase kubizwe ngepolitiki ye-manipulative mass/frontist, ngakolunye uhlangothi.
I-Leninist ehamba phambili izothi “lezi izinketho ezingathandeki, vele, ngezindinganiso ezifanele, kodwa ngokudabukisayo zenziwa kudingekile ngamandla ombuso futhi ngalokho kufana nokuzivikela okunodlame uma kudingeka.
I-Leninist ehamba phambili izoqhubeka, “Izindlela zamaLeninist zingahlukunyezwa kakhulu futhi ziveze imiphumela esabekayo. Sikubonile lokho futhi siyabona ukuthi kanjani futhi ngani. Kodwa akukho esingakwenza. Kufanele sithole indlela yokusebenzisa lezi zindlela uma sifuna ukuwina, futhi kufanele sithole indlela yokuvimbela ukuthambekela kwabo kokudala imiphumela esabekayo uma ukunqoba kuzofaneleka.
I-anti-Leninist engcono kakhulu, ngokuphambene, izosho cishe okuphambene. “Akukhona kuphela ukuthi intando yeningi emaphakathi kanye nepolitiki enkulu ekhohlisayo ikhuthaza ukubusa kwesigaba somxhumanisi, ukugunyazwa kwezepolitiki, ukubusa kwamadoda, kanye nokuhlangana kwamasiko, ukuthi izindlela zamaLeninist ngeke zivele zikhuthaze umnyakazo ophumelelayo. Ngeke bahehe ukwesekwa, baqoqe futhi bavumelanise amandla, banikeze amandla izifunda, njll.
Umuntu omelene noLenini ongcono kakhulu uzoqhubeka, “Ngokuphambene nalokho, lezi zindlela zizoholela emicabangweni yokukhuluma nengamahlelo kangangokuthi zizobangela ukukhula kokunyakaza okunesizotha kuphela. Ngokwemvelo, ezweni lanamuhla, bazohluleka. Uma bengawina okuthile, bangawina umhlaba omusha esingeke siwufune, kodwa ngenhlanhla, ngeke bawine okuningi. Ukuze sithembeke, sikhuthazeke futhi sinikeze amandla, esikudingayo ukunyakaza okuhlanganisa izindinganiso kanye nezinga okungenzeka ngalo ubudlelwano bomphakathi nezinhlaka zezwe elisha esilifunayo.â
Alukho uhlangothi oludelelekile ngokubamba imibono yalo. Lokhu ukungaboni ngaso linye okuqotho – khumbula ukuthi sikhuluma ngemicu emihle kakhulu yomibili imihlaba – mayelana nokuthi yini ehilelekile kithi imikhuba emibi yabaphikisi abanamandla amakhulu esibhekana nabo.
Ngakho-ke kule ngxabano, njengasekungabonini ngaso linye phakathi kokufuna inguquko kanye nokwamukela ubunxiwankulu njengobuhlala njalo, kuyilapho kungase kube khona ukuma ezinhlangothini zombili ezinezisusa ezingafanele, kungase kube nokuma kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ezinezisusa ezikhanyiselwe ngokufanayo nezinobuntu. Ukungena kukho konke ukushintshisana kucatshangelwa okubi kakhulu komunye umhlanganyeli - ngisho noma kwezinye izimo ukulindela okugxekayo kungaba kulungile kaningi kunalokho obekungaba okungalungile - kuyisizinda sokuzala kwemikhuba yehlelo engasuki kalula.
Esinye sezici ezinhle kakhulu zenqubo yenkundla yezokuxhumana ukuthi iphoqa abantu ukuthi bakhulume ngenhlonipho ngezikhundla ezahlukene. Asikho isidingo sokululaza imizwa yethu enamandla kanye nezimangalo zethu eziklanywe kahle futhi ezinobufakazi obuhle. Kodwa kunesidingo sokukhulumisana ngenhlonipho nokwethula izimpikiswano zangempela, hhayi nje ukuqhulula phezulu.