Ukhetho lukamongameli lwase-Iran lwangomhla zili-12 kuNhlangulana lugxekwe kakhulu, ngaphakathi nangaphandle, njengoluntula ukwethembeka. Phakathi nemibhikisho edumile eyalandela, abantu abangaba ngu-30 babulawa amasosha kahulumeni kwaboshwa abanye abangamakhulu. Le micimbi ingaphansi kokuhlolwa okuqinile nokuqhubekayo kwemidiya yase-US-UK.
NgoJuni futhi, ukuketulwa kwamasosha kwaketula uhulumeni waseHonduras owakhethwa ngokwentando yeningi. UMengameli uManuel Zelaya wathunjwa wadingiselwa eCosta Rica ngoJuni 28. Izingxabano zakuqala phakathi kwamasosha aqotho kubahleli bombuso kanye nabalandeli bakaZelaya kwashiya okungenani umuntu oyedwa eshonile kwathi abangu-30 balimala. NgoJulayi 30, kwaboshwa abantu ababalelwa ku-150, kwalimala inqwaba, ngesikhathi amasosha namaphoyisa behlasela ababhikishi ngesisi esikhalisa unyembezi, izibhamu zamanzi, izinduku kanye nezibhamu. Omunye wabalimele, uthisha, 38, usale elwela impilo yakhe ngemuva kokudutshulwa ekhanda. Izintatheli ebezibika endaweni yesigameko nazo zihlaselwe. (UBill Van Auken, 'umbuso wokuketula umbuso waseHonduran wethula ukuhlasela ngesihluku,' Agasti 1, 2009, Isizindalwazi Somhlaba Wonke Somphakathi; http://www.wsws.org/articles/2009/aug2009/hond-a01.shtml)
UMark Weisbrot, onguMqondisi-Jikelele weCentre for Economic and Policy Research, uchaza indlela abantu baseHonduran โababeke ngayo ukuphila kwabo engozini, bebhekana nezinhlamvu zamasosha, ukushaywa, nokuboshwa nokuboshwa ngokungafaneleโ. Futhi nokho abezindaba base-US babike lokhu kucindezelwa "kancane nje, nemithombo yezindaba emikhulu kwesinye isikhathi yehluleka ngisho nokusho ukucwaninga lapho". (Weisbrot, 'Hondurans Resist Coup, Izodinga Usizo Kwamanye Amazwe,' ZNet, July 9, 2009; https://znetwork.org/znet/viewArticle/21924)
Ukusesha kwethu kusizindalwazi semidiya (Agasti 3) kwezindaba zokuhlela zezindaba zase-UK kuzwelonke ezisho igama elithi 'Iran' emasontweni amahlanu adlule kulethe imiphumela engama-26. Ukusesha okuhleliwe okuqukethe igama elithi 'Honduras' kulethe imiphumela emi-2. Eqinisweni kube khona isihloko esisodwa esihamba phambili ngenhlekelele yaseHonduran (ku-Independent ngoJuni 30 - bheka ngezansi). Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukusesha izindatshana zezindaba zase-UK ezikhuluma nge-'Iran' kunikeze imiphumela engama-848; ye-'Honduras' imiphumela engu-96. Lena akuyona isayensi eqinile, kodwa ikhombisa amazinga okuqhathanisa okusakazwa kwemidiya yase-UK kulezi zinkinga ezimbili.
U-Weisbrot uphawula ukuthi ukuketulwa umbuso kweHonduran "kuyindaba eyenzeka njalo" eLatin America, ebeka "umongameli wezinguquko osekelwa izinyunyana zabasebenzi nezinhlangano zezenhlalakahle ngokumelene neqembu lezombusazwe elifana ne-mafia, eligcwele izidakamizwa, elikhohlakele elijwayele ukukhetha hhayi kuphela. INkantolo Ephakeme kanye neCongress, kodwa nomongameli." (Weisbrot, 'Ingabe i-US iyakusekela ukuketulwa umbuso kweHonduran?' The Guardian, July 1, 2009; http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2009/jul/01/honduras-zelaya-coup-obama)
Izitolo ezivamile zithi ukuketulwa umbuso kuphawula ukubuya okukhathazayo kokuthrendayo kwesifunda kwangaphambilini. I-BBC yangoJulayi 23 "Q&A" eHonduras yaphawula:
"Ukuketula umbuso kanye nezinxushunxushu zezombangazwe kwakuvamile eMelika Ephakathi isikhathi esiningi sekhulunyaka lama-20, futhi kuze kube maphakathi nawo-1980 amasosha ayebusa impilo yezombangazwe eHonduras. Ukususwa kukaMnu Zelaya kungokokuqala esifundeni kusukela ngo-1993..." ('Q & A: Crisis in I-Honduras,' iwebhusayithi ye-BBC, ngoJulayi 23, 2009; http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8124154.stm)
Lokhu kungamanga. Ngo-April 2002, ibutho lezempi elalisekelwa yi-US lamsusa kafushane umongameli waseVenezuela u-Hugo Chรกvez kwaze kwaba imibhikisho emikhulu yambuyisela embusweni. Isihloko se-Guardian ngaleyo nyanga sabika ukuthi "i-US 'yavuma' ukuketula umbuso waseVenezuela." Emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi komzamo wokuketula umbuso, izikhulu zikahulumeni wase-US zazihlangane nabaholi bamabhizinisi abathatha izintambo ngemva kokuboshwa kukaChรกvez. UGeneral Rincon, isikhulu samasosha aseVenezuela, wayevakashele iPentagon ngoDisemba odlule futhi wahlangana nezikhulu eziphezulu. (UJulian Borger no-Alex Bellos, 'I-US "yavuma" ukuketula umbuso waseVenezuela,' The Guardian, April 17, 2002;
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/apr/17/usa.venezuela)
Ukuketulwa kwamasosha ngo-2004 kwaphoqa umongameli waseHaiti uJean-Bertrand Aristide ukuthi abalekele eCentral Africa. U-Aristide utshele i-Associated Press ukuthi waphoqeleka ukuthi asuke eHaiti ngamasosha aseMelika. (Eliott C. McLaughlin, Associated Press, March 1, 2004) UJeffrey Sachs, uprofesa wezomnotho e-Columbia University, wabhala:
"IHaiti, futhi, iyavutha ... Nokho, cishe akekho oqondayo ukuthi isiphithiphithi sanamuhla senziwe eWashington - ngamabomu, ngokubhuqa, nangokuqinile." (Sachs, 'Ukubhebhezela amalangabi esiphithiphithi sezombangazwe eHaiti,' The Nation, February 28, 2004; http://www.commondreams.org/views04/0301-10.htm)
I-BBC Q&A yaphawula: "Indima ye-US ibalulekile, njengoba ingumzakwethu omkhulu wezohwebo waseHonduras."
Kuyamangaza ukuthi i-athikili yehlulekile ukusho ukuthi i-US inesizinda sayo samasosha aseCentral America kuphela eHonduras. Eqinisweni amasosha aseHonduran ahlomile, aqeqeshwe futhi alulekwa yiWashington ngobuhlobo obujulile futhi obuhlala njalo. Ojenene ababili ababehola ukuketulwa umbuso bobabili baqeqeshwe e-US School of the Americas (SOA) esekelwe eGeorgia (i-SOA manje seyaziwa ngokuthi i-Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation, noma i-WHINSEC). Umkhuzi oyinhloko u-Romeo Vasquez, inhloko yezempi yaseHonduran, wathola ukuqeqeshwa e-SOA phakathi kuka-1976 no-1984. U-Luis Javier Prince Suazo, inhloko yebutho lezindiza, wafunda lapho ngo-1996. UColonel Herberth Bayardo Inestroza, ummeli webutho laseHonduran naye. oqeqeshwe e-SOA, uvumile ukuthi akukho emthethweni ukuthumba kwamasosha uZelaya. Utshele i-Miami Herald: "Kungaba nzima kithina, ngokuqeqeshwa kwethu, ukuba nobudlelwano nohulumeni kwesokunxele. Lokho akunakwenzeka." (Weisbrot, ZNet, July 9, op. cit)
UFata Roy Bourgeois, umsunguli we-School of the Americas Watch, uchaze i-SOA ngenyanga edlule ngokuthi "lesi sikole sababulali, lesi sikole sokuketula umbuso, lesi sikole esinegazi eliningi ezandleni zaso". ('Ojenene Abahola Ukuketulwa Kwezempi KwaseHonduras Abaqeqeshwe Esikoleni Samazwe AseMelika,' Intando Yeningi Manje!, Julayi 1, 2009; http://www.democracynow.org/2009/7/1/generals_who_led_honduras_military_coup)
U-Weisbrot uphawula ukuthi impendulo kaWashington ekuketulweni umbuso kweHonduran iqondiswa izithakazelo ezingqubuzanayo: "abagqugquzeli abanamandla abafana no-Lanny Davis no-Bennett Ratcliff, abasondelene no- [Hillary] Clinton futhi abahola isu likahulumeni wokuketula umbuso; ilungelo lama-Republican, kuhlanganise namalungu eCongress. abeseka ngokusobala ukuketulwa umbuso; kanye namaqhawe amasha abandayo azo zombili izinhlangothi kuKhongolose, umnyango wezwe kanye ne-White House abona uZelaya njengosongo ngenxa yokubambisana kwakhe noHugo Chรกvez waseVenezuela kanye nabanye ohulumeni abasasele." (Weisbrot, 'US- Brokered Mediation Yehlulekile - Yisikhathi sokuthi iLatin America Ithathe Izintambo,' ZNet, Agasti 1, 2009; https://znetwork.org/znet/viewArticle/22185)
Lokhu kuchaza ukusabela okungaqondakali kweWashington. Isitatimende sokuqala sika-Obama asizange sikugxeke ukuketula umbuso, kanti uMnyango wezeMfundo usaqhubeka nokwenqaba ukukuchaza njengokuketula umbuso. UNobhala Wezwe laseMelika u-Hillary Clinton wenqabe kaningi ukusho ukuthi 'ukubuyisela ukuhleleka kwentando yeningi' eHonduras kudinga ukubuyiselwa kukaZelaya. Kuthathe amasonto amathathu ukuthi i-White House isabise ngokunqamula usizo.
URoger Burbach, uMqondisi weCentre for the Study of the Americas, uyabhala:
"Imizamo ye-US yokubuyisela uZelaya ibe muncu uma iqhathaniswa namanye amazwe. Nakuba amanxusa amaningi ehoxisiwe, isikhulu saseMelika uHugo Llorens, oqokwe uGeorge W. Bush, sisekhona. Kunemibiko yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi wanikeza ukukhanya okuluhlaza kwabasiki bengqephu, noma okungenani akenzanga lutho ukubavimba, futhi ngenkathi iBhange Lomhlaba lilumisile usizo, uMnyango Wezwe umane uxwayisa ngokuthi usizo lwezomnotho lwase-US lungase lube sengcupheni ama-akhawunti asebhange futhi ahoxise ama-visa abaholi bokuvukela umbuso, izinyathelo uZelaya nabanye ohulumeni baseLatin America abanxuse iWashington ukuthi yenze. " (Burbach, 'Obama kanye noHillary Nix Change in Honduras,' ZNet, July 180, 27;
https://znetwork.org/znet/viewArticle/22136)
Muva nje, Umsizi kaNobhala Wezwe waseMelika uPhilip Crowley, ubeke amazwana:
"Ngokuqinisekile sicabanga ukuthi uma sikhetha uhulumeni oyisibonelo kanye nomholi oyisibonelo ukuze amazwe esifundeni alandele, ukuthi ubuholi obukhona eVenezuela ngeke bube yisibonelo esithile. Uma lokho kuyisifundo uMongameli uZelaya asitholile kulesi siqephu. , kungaba isifundo esihle leso." (James Suggett, 'Honduras Coup,' ZNet, July 28, 2009; https://znetwork.org/znet/viewArticle/22149)
I-Independent - Ukwenza Intando Yeningi Isevisi
Esihlokweni sabo esihamba phambili sangoJuni 30, abahleli be-Independent, abaholwa umhleli wezempi osekela i-Iraq uRoger Alton (owayengumhleli we-Observer), bavule ngalesi sigaba esingajwayelekile:
"Ukuxoshwa kukaMengameli waseHonduran uManuel Zelaya ngamasosha ezwe ngempelasonto kugxekwe amalungu amaningi omphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe njengokubukela phansi intando yeningi. Kodwa naphezu kokucasuka noma yikuphi ukuketulwa kwamasosha, kungenzeka ukuthi amasosha empeleni wenze intando yeningi yaseHonduran inkonzo." (Isihloko esihamba phambili, 'Izibhamu nentando yeningi,' The Independent, June 30, 2009; http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/leading-articles/leading-article-guns-and-democracy-1724479.html)
Ngokuphambene, izingqapheli eziningi ezinolwazi ziye zaxwayisa ngokuthi ukuketulwa umbuso kubonisa usongo olukhulu emandleni entando yeningi eHonduras kanye nesifunda. I-Independent yasichaza isizathu sayo:
"UMengameli uZelaya ubehlela ukwenza inhlolovo ukuze amnike amandla okuguqula umthethosisekelo. Kodwa izinguquko ezihlongozwayo bezingaqondakali, abaphikisi besola uMnu Zelaya ngokufuna ukuhoxisa umkhawulo wokuphatha iminyaka emine. Izinkantolo zezwe kanye nokhongolose babize ivoti. engekho emthethweni.
"Lokhu wushintsho olujwayele ukujwayeleka emibusweni yentando yeningi esafufusa: umholi okhethiwe, obhekene nokuphela kwesikhathi sakhe ehhovisi, unquma ukuthi izwe ngeke likwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwakhe futhi lisebenzise izindlela ezingabazisayo zokugcina amandla. UMongameli waseVenezuela, u-Hugo Chรกvez, wawina inhlolovo ngoFebhuwari eshintsha umthethosisekelo wezwe lakhe futhi eqeda umkhawulo wesikhathi. Manje ukhuluma ngokubusa okungaphezu kuka-2030.
Ngalo lolo suku, ephephandabeni elifanayo, u-Heather Berkman, ongumngane waseLatin America esikhungweni sezobungcweti kwezombangazwe i-Eurasia Group, wabhala:
"UManuel Zelaya uphendukele kwesobunxele ngokungalindelekile phakathi nokuphatha kwakhe njengoMongameli waseHonduras, ephambuka ezinkambisweni zayo zezombangazwe. Kulokhu, kubukeka sengathi udlulele kakhulu... UMnu Zelaya angasolwa ngokusungula ukuketula umbuso, futhi, kwavusa ukuvukela umbuso. " (Berkman, 'Zelaya pushed,' The Independent, June 30, 2009; http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/heather-berkman-zelaya-pushed-1724469.html)
Khumbula ukuthi lezi zihloko zivele ku-Independent, ezibhekwa kabanzi njengezingakwesobunxele se-spectrum yemidiya evamile.
U-Weisbrot ugomela ngokuthi empeleni yayingekho indlela yokuthi uZelaya andise ukubusa kwakhe noma ngabe inhlolovo yayibanjwe futhi yaphasiswa:
"Ireferendamu yangomhla zingama-28 kuNhlangulana ibimane nje iwukuvota okungabophezeli kwabavoti, bebuza ukuthi ngabe abavoti bebefuna yini ukufaka ivoti elibophezelayo ngoNovemba ukuze kugunyazwe ukuhlelwa kabusha komthethosisekelo wezwe. Uma ngabe uphasile, noma uNovemba. i-referendum yayibanjwe (okuyinto engenakwenzeka kakhulu) futhi yadlula, ivoti elifanayo lalizokhetha umongameli omusha futhi uZelaya wayezokwehla ngoJanuwari Ngakho-ke, inkolelo yokuthi uZelaya wayelwela ukwelula isikhathi sakhe sokubusa ayinalo iqiniso Isisekelo - nakuba abantu abaningi abalandela le ndaba emaphephandabeni kubonakala sengathi bayayikholelwa, okungase kushiwo ukuthi uma umthethosisekelo omusha ugcina uvunyiwe, uZelaya kungenzeka ukuthi ukwazile ukungenela ihlandla lesibili esikhathini esizayo. (Weisbrot, 'Hondurans Resist Coup, Izodinga Usizo Kwamanye Amazwe,' ZNet, July 9, 2009; https://znetwork.org/znet/viewArticle/21924)
U-Nikolas Kozloff, intatheli kanye nombhali we-'Revolution!: South America and the Rise of the New Left,' ulandelela imithombo ejulile yokuphikisa umongameli waseHonduran. Cishe ngo-2007-2008, i-Zelaya yokuqala elondolozayo yaqala ukwamukela "i-Bolivarian Alternative of the Americas." U-Kozloff uyachaza:
"Kuyimpendulo kaChรกvez ezivumelwaneni zohwebo zamahhala ezibekwe yi-US esifundeni. Futhi uZelaya wayephumele obala ngokusekela i-Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kwamenza waphikisana ne-United States, futhi kwakukhona umlando ukungezwani phakathi kwe-US neZelaya okuholela ekuketulweni umbuso." ('Yini Engemuva Kokuketulwa KwaseHonduras? Ukulandela Umkhondo KaZelaya,' Intando Yeningi Manje!, Julayi 1, 2009; http://www.democracynow.org/2009/7/1/whats_behind_the_honduras_coup_tracing)
Njengoba isihleli Esizimele sikwenza kucace, okujwayelekile kunikeza inguqulo ehlukile yemicimbi. Impendulo ivela ku- Kozloff:
"Ngicabanga ukuthi ukube ubufunda imibiko emithonjeni yezindaba ejwayelekile, ungase uthole umbono wokuthi lokhu kuketula umbuso kumayelana nomkhawulo wesikhathi eHonduras futhi kuwukungqubuzana nje kokuthi uZelaya uzokwazi yini ukwelula igunya lakhe lomthethosisekelo nge-4 eyodwa- unyaka."
I-BBC, isibonelo, ibike: "UZelaya wathunyelwa ekudingisweni ngo-June 28 phakathi nomzabalazo wamandla mayelana nezinhlelo zakhe zokushintsha umthethosisekelo." ('Q&A: Crisis in Honduras,' op. cit)
I-Times ibhale ukuthi: "Abamelene naye bathi ubefuna ukuketula imikhawulo yesikhathi futhi andise amandla akhe njengabalingani besifunda abangakwesobunxele njengoMongameli uChรกvez waseVenezuela ..." (UHannah Strange, 'UMongameli Ochithiwe "akasoze abuya",' The Times, July 3 , 2009)
U-Kozloff uyaphawula: โFuthi iphuzu lami liwukuthi kunombono oyingxenye yalokhu kuketula umbusoโฆ into yokuqala ayenza ngokumelene nezicukuthwane zaseHonduran kwaba izinyathelo zakhe zokukhuphula iholo elincane ngamaphesenti angama-60โฆ izitshalo, kanye nezikhulu zaseHonduran, ukusho okuncane, becasukile yilesi senzo."
Ngokuhlukile ekusebenzeni kabi kwephephandaba lakhe, u-Johann Hari wabhala ku-Independent ukuthi uZelaya โwakhuphule kanjani amaholo amancane ngamaphesenti angu-60, ethi ama-sweatshops awasamukeleki futhi 'abacebile kufanele bakhokhe ingxenye yabo'.
"Abantu abancane abasezingeni eliphezulu - abangabanikazi bamaphesenti angama-45 omcebo wezwe - bethukile. Bajwayele ukuthi iHonduras iphathwe yibo." (Hari, 'Omunye u-9/11 ubuyela ukuzohlupha i-Latin America,' The Independent, July 3, 2009; http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/johann-hari/johann-hari-a-coup-latin-america-didnt-need-1729429.html)
Njengoba uHari aphawula: "Kwakuhlale kungenakugwenywa ukuthi abantu abaphezulu balwe ukuze balondoloze ilungelo labo abangalitholanga."
Ngaphambi kokuketula umbuso, iChiquita yase-US yamazwe ngamazwe izwakalise ukukhathazeka kwayo ngemithetho yeholo elincane likaZelaya, abathi izokwehlisa inzuzo futhi inyuse nezindleko zokuthumela ngaphandle. UChiquita unxuse iHonduran Business Association, nayo ebiphikisana nenqubomgomo yamaholo amancane kaZelaya. U-Kozloff utshele i-website i-Democracy Now!: "engikuthola kuthakazelisa ngempela ukuthi i-Chiquita ihlangene nenkampani yezomthetho yase-Washington ebizwa ngokuthi i-Covington, eyeluleka izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe. Futhi ubani oyiphini likasihlalo we-Covington? Akekho omunye ngaphandle kuka-John Negroponte ...". ('Kusuka ku-Arbenz kuya eZelaya: Chiquita eLatin America,' Intando Yeningi Manje!, Julayi 21, 2009; http://www.democracynow.org/2009/7/21/from_arbenz_to_zelaya_chiquita_in)
UNegroponte wayeyinxusa laseMelika eHonduras kusukela ngo-1981 kuya ku-1985, lapho ebambe iqhaza elikhulu ekuxhumaniseni ukuhlasela kwamaphekula kwase-US eNicaragua esebenzisa "i-Contras", ibutho lezempi. I-Negroponte ibambe iqhaza ekuhlukunyezweni kwamalungelo abantu okukhulu okwenziwe ngamasosha aseHonduran.
Kuyo yonke ikhulu lamashumi amabili, iChiquita, ngaleso sikhathi eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-United Fruit Company, yayihlotshaniswa "namanye amabutho ezombusazwe nezomnotho asemuva kakhulu, abuyisela emuva kakhulu eMelika Ephakathi futhi nangaphandle kweMelika Ephakathi emazweni anjengeColombia", kuphawula uKozloff. Ngo-1954, i-United Fruit yabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuketulweni umbuso okwakusekelwe yi-US okwaxosha uJacobo Arbenz, umholi okhethwe ngokwentando yeningi waseGuatemala.
U-Kozloff ubika ukuthi ummeli Jikelele waseMelika njengamanje, u-Eric Holder, ubeyiPhini Lommeli Omkhulu ngaphansi kukaBill Clinton. Umnikazi uvikele i-Chiquita kanye nezenzo zayo e-Colombia ngenkathi u-Chiquita ehlangene nezigcawu zokufa zamasosha ophiko lwesokudla ngeminyaka yawo-1990 futhi watholakala enecala lokukhokha izisebenzi zezempi. UHolder wayengumeluleki oholayo kaChiquita.
Siseshe amaphephandaba kazwelonke e-UK (Agasti 3) ukuze sithole iziqephu zendatshana eziqukethe amagama athi 'Honduras' kanye (ngokuhlukene) 'Chiquita', 'John Negroponte' kanye 'no-Eric Holder' kusukela ngoJuni 28 - konke ukusesha kukhiqize imiphumela engekho.
ISENZO ESIPHAKANYISIWE
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