Akudingekile ukusho, akukho okusha ngokungavamile kulokhu. Isiphetho sale ndaba saziwa kakhulu –sikubone ngokuphindaphindiwe kwezinye izifunda eziningi. Ukulandelana kokuzibandakanya kwe-US e-Iraq kukhiqiza kabusha izici nezigaba zokukhula konxiwankulu kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, ikakhulukazi (kodwa hhayi kuphela) e-Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi:
Isigaba sesibili: ngokungenelela "okunosizo" (ngokuvamile ngezindlela zezempi), uMbuso uhlela kabusha impilo yomphakathi yomdabu. Bahlela kabusha izinhlelo zabo zendawo ukuze babenze "isizwe", futhi baphoqelele izikhungo zezombangazwe nezomnotho ngokuvumelana nempilo "yomphakathi". Lokhu kuhilela a) ukunwetshwa kobudlelwano bezimakethe kanye nezindlela zokukhiqiza zonxiwankulu, kanye b) nokwakhiwa kwesimiso somthethosisekelo esivikela amalungelo abantu ngabanye futhi esisungula izisekelo zikahulumeni omele abantu.
Ngemuva kwesigaba sesithathu, imibuso yamakholoni yasendulo yayivame ukusho ukuthi umsebenzi wayo usufeziwe: "umthwalo wabamhlophe" noma "i-mission civilisatrice" yayihlonishiwe.
Isigaba sesine: “ezweni elisha” elizimele, ukungezwani kwezenhlalo okuhlala kuhlangana nobudlelwano bemakethe kanye nezindlela zokukhiqiza zonxiwankulu esimweni sokungathuthuki kwezomnotho kanye nokuxhashazwa kwangemva kobukoloni kubonakala kunamandla kakhulu. Iziyaluyalu zomphakathi, ukuqhudelana phakathi kwezikhulu eziyizimbangi namanye amabutho aphakathi nendawo akulula ukukuqukatha ngokusebenzisa izikhungo zezepolitiki "ezikhululekile". Isiyaluyalu kanye/noma imibuso ecindezelayo iyavela. Ezimweni noma izikhathi "ezilula" ngandlela-thile, kubusa izinhlobo zokugunyazwa nenkohlakalo zentando yeningi, eziphazanyiswa yizinkinga zomnotho nezombusazwe. Lezi zimo zichaza kabanzi noma ngaphansi ubuqiniso bawo wonke amazwe Omhlaba Wesithathu phakathi nekhulunyaka lamashumi amabili.
Izehlakalo zakamuva e-Afghanistan nase-Iraq zibonisa ukuthi isigaba sesithupha singase sibe isiko kusukela manje kuqhubeke:
Umlando we-Iraq uveza zonke izigaba eziyisithupha: "ukusungulwa" kweBrithani kwezwe manje esilibiza ngokuthi i-Iraq ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinkampani zikawoyela zamazwe ngamazwe (isigaba sokuqala nesesibili), kwalandelwa ukusungulwa kwe (Western. ) umthethosisekelo wobukhosi kanye nokuxoxisana ngenkululeko ngo-1930 (isigaba sesithathu). Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili kwalandela inkathi ende yokuntengantenga kwezombusazwe kanye nokuketulwa umbuso (isigaba sesine), okuphelezelwa ukungenelela okungaguquki “okungahlelekile” kwamaNgisi namaMelika ekuvikeleni izithakazelo zikawoyela nezombusazwe (isigaba sesihlanu). Elinye lamaqembu asekelwa yi-US ngelikaSaddam Hussein, owagcina eseyisitha sabo sokuqala. Indaba esele yaziwa kahle: Impi yaseGulf yokuqala ka-1991 yalandelwa ukuhlasela kwezwe okuqondile ngo-2003 (isigaba sesithupha/esokuqala).
Iziphetho ezijabulisayo, nokho, azibonakali zingenzeka endabeni yase-Iraq. Kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kweziqephu zamaNgisi kanye neziqephu zamanje ze-Imperial. Akekho okholelwa ekulandiseni kwenqubekelaphambili nempucuko –osopolitiki baseMelika abangagculisi, noma umbono womphakathi womhlaba wonke noma ama-Iraqi. Ukuntuleka ngokuphelele kokufaneleka kwanoma yiluphi uhlelo lwezikhungo ezisekela amazwe aseNtshonalanga, kanye neqiniso elisobala lokuthi umnotho omusha "wemakethe" uzohlomulisa noma ubani ngaphandle kwama-Iraqis, kumemezela isikhathi esinzima "kubakhi besizwe" baseMelika.
Yiqiniso, uMbuso (kungaba i-US noma i-UN) ungase uphinde uqale ukulandelana nganoma isiphi isikhathi, ngokumane unqume ukuthi abomdabu basenonya kakhulu ukuba bazibuse. Kodwa konke ukuphumelela kokulandisa "kwempucuko" kuyawa uma "umfundi" engabonakali nhlobo efunda. Ngaphandle kokuba semthethweni, uMbuso cishe uzohudulelwa ekungeneleleni kwezempi okunomfutho ophansi –njengamanje. Kunoma yikuphi, ngisho ngaphandle kukaSadam, ikusasa lase-Iraq libukeka lifiphele ezweni elisha lempi yomhlaba wonke yaphakade; kodwa kanjalo nokaBukhosi.