Hlela i-Dalet - Umlando Ofihliwe Wokuhlanzwa Kobuhlanga
Evikela irekhodi elide le-BBC lokubika okuchemile, umhleli we-BBC we-Middle East, u-Jeremy Bowen, uphendule: "Siwabike kaningi amaqiniso mayelana nokuhlala kuka-Israyeli, futhi sizokwenza futhi." (Bowen, i-imeyili idluliselwe kwaMedia Lens, Januwari 2, 2009)
Kodwa "amaqiniso" omsebenzi awabonakali ndawo.
Isazi-mlando sase-Israel u-Ilan Pappé siphawula ukuthi ngaphezu kwengxenye yabantu bomdabu basePalestine, cishe abantu abayizi-1948, basuswa futhi bangu-800,000. imizana yacekelwa phansi. (Pappé, ‘The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine,’ Oneworld Publications, Oxford, 531)
Inhloso ye-'Plan Dalet ', eyenziwa amabutho ezempi alokho kamuva okwaba yi-Israel, kwakuwukuhlanza ngokobuhlanga ingxenye enkulu yasePalestine "izakhi zama-Arab" ezinobutha. Izibhicongo eziningi zenzeka eDeir Yassin, Ayn Al-Zaytun, Tantura nakwezinye izindawo. U-Avi Shlaim, esinye isazi-mlando sakwa-Israel, uyabhala:
“Ubusha nesibindi salolu hlelo kwakusemyalelweni wokuthi kuthathwe imizi namadolobha ama-Arab, into [amabutho amaJuda] ayengakaze ayizame ngaphambili… ngokukhipha umyalo wokuba kuthunjwe amadolobha ama-Arab futhi kucekelwe phansi amadolobhana, kwavumela futhi kwabonisa ukuthi ukuxoshwa ngenkani kwezakhamuzi zama-Arabhu.” (Shlaim, ‘The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World,’ WW Norton & Company, New York, 2000, p.31)
Ekhuluma ngo-1955, umholi wezempi odumile wakwa-Israel nosopolitiki, uMoshe Dayan, wabuza:
"Sinasizathu sini sokukhononda ngenzondo yabo evuthayo ngathi? Iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili manje behlezi ezinkambeni zabo zokubalekela eGaza, futhi phambi kwamehlo abo siphendukela ekhaya lethu izwe nemizana abahlala kuyo kanye nokhokho babo." (Kucashuniwe, ibid., p.101)
AmaPalestine aphoqeleka ukuba aphile njengababaleki eLebanon, Syria, Jordan kanye naseWest Bank (yoMfula iJordani) kanye naseGaza Strip. Uchungechunge lwezingxabano futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, impi eqondile yayilandela phakathi kuka-Israyeli nomakhelwane bakhe abangama-Arabhu. Phakathi neMpi Yango-1967 (Izinsuku Eziyisithupha), u-Israyeli wathatha iWest Bank kanye ne-East Jerusalem (phambilini eyayingaphansi kokulawulwa yiJordanian), iGaza Strip kanye nenhlonhlo yaseSinayi (Egypt) kanye neGolan Heights (Syria). Lo msebenzi walethe ababaleki abaningi basePalestine ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwamasosha akwa-Israel.
IJerusalema, isikhungo senkolo samaSulumane, amaJuda namaKrestu, yaba isizinda esikhulu sezingxabano. Abakwa-Israel baphinde bakha izindawo zokuhlala ezingekho emthethweni ezindaweni ezisanda kuthathwa eGaza naseWest Bank futhi baxhaphaza imithombo yemvelo, ikakhulukazi ukulawula imithombo yamanzi ebalulekile.
U-Shlaim ubhala ukuthi lezi zindawo zokuhlala zaziyingxenye yenqubomgomo ehlelekile ehloselwe ukusebenzisa ukulawulwa kwamasu kanye nezempi, kulokhu okuhilelekile, "ezungeza indawo enkulu yaseJerusalema Enkulu eneziyingi ezimbili ezigxile zokuhlala ezinemigwaqo yokufinyelela kanye nezikhundla zempi." (Ibid., p.582)
Umphakathi awukwazi ukufunda cishe lutho ngalokhu ngokubika kwabezindaba, njengoba iGlasgow University Media Group ibhale izikhathi eziningi. Encwadini yabo ethi, Bad News From Israel, uGreg Philo noMike Berry babhale ngocwaningo olulodwa lokusebenza kwemidiya:
"Ukuntuleka kolwazi lomlando kwenza kwaba nzima kakhulu ukuthi abantu baqonde izici ezibalulekile zodweshu. Isibonelo, abanye [ababukeli] babebhale ukuthi 'izwe' liyinkinga kodwa kwaba nokudideka okukhulu ngokuthi kusho ukuthini lokhu. umhlanganyeli uchaze ukuthi ukuqonda kwakhe akubandakanyi nhlobo umuzwa wecala lasePalestine lokuthi umhlaba uthathwe kubo." (Philo and Berry, ‘Bad News From Israel,’ Pluto Books, London, 2004, p.216)
Umfundi weMedia Lens, uChris Newman, wenze inhlolovo yezindatshana eziyi-19 ze-BBC eziku-inthanethi ngenhlekelele yaseGaza ngoJanuwari 5, 2009 (http://www.medialens.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2918). Njengezibonelo zokuhlaziya kwakhe, wathola:
1. Ukushiwo ababaleki bango-1948 noma bango-1967, abakha ingxenye enkulu yabantu baseGaza futhi abanelungelo lokubuya ngaphansi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe - 1 okushiwo esihlokweni esiseceleni.
2. Ukushiwo nge-Occupation of Gaza (njengoba kushiwo yi-UN ukuthi kusasetshenziswa) - i-2 ikhuluma esihlokweni esiseceleni.
Njengoba uNewman ephetha: "umongo omncane kakhulu ezisekelweni zokuphikiswa kwePalestina unikezwa. I-UN ibike ukuthi yi-Occupation eyimbangela yokuphikiswa kwePalestina, futhi ngaleyo ndlela lawa amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu."
Kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile wemidiya ukuthi umongo onjalo ungabi khona nhlobo noma ungcwatshwe ukuze ungabonwa.
Izisusa Ezijulile - I-Ajenda Ka-Israyeli Engafihliwe Kanjalo
Izintatheli ziyazamukela ngokugcwele izimangalo ze-Israel zokuthi izenzo zayo zenziwa ukuvimba i-Hamas ukudubula amarokhethi kwa-Israel isuka eGaza. Abezindaba baphinde bacabanga ukuthi inhloso ukubuyisela 'ukwethembeka' kwezempi yakwa-Israyeli. Ukuhlelwa kwe-Financial Times kuphawulwe:
"Inhloso yonke yokusungulwa kwamasosha ezombusazwe ... kubonakala sengathi iqinisa kabusha ukwethembeka kwamandla okuvimbela u-Israyeli, owalahleka empini yezinsuku ezingu-34 ngokumelene ne-Hizbollah eLebanon ngo-2006, eyanikeza umbukiso obala wemingcele kwa-Israel. ngaphandle kwalokho amandla ezempi amakhulu. Manje, uMnumzane Barak uthi, i-Israel 'izoshintsha imithetho yemidlalo'." (Umhleli, ‘Ukugembula okuyingozi eGaza,’ Financial Times, January 4, 2009; http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e56ac646-da93-11dd-8c28-000077b07658.html)
Kodwa abahlaziyi abahlakaniphile, abazimele bebezimisele ukubheka izindaba ezijulile. Intatheli ezinze eNazaretha uJonathan Cook uyaphawula:
"Osopolitiki nojenene bebelungiselela lokhu kuhlasela izinyanga eziningi, mhlawumbe iminyaka - okuyiqiniso kuphela eliphakamisa ukuthi banezinhloso ezinkulu kunalokho obekucatshangwa. I-Israel ibambe lesi sikhathi - osopolitiki basentshonalanga besozela ngesikhathi samaholide kanye nokushintshwa kweziphathimandla. eWashington - ngoba iqinisekise isikhathi eside kakhulu sokuqalisa uhlelo lwayo ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kwezokuxhumana." (Cook, ‘Izinjongo ezinkulu kunalokho okuvame ukucatshangwa,’ The National, January 7, 2009; http://www.thenational.ae/article/20090107/FOREIGN/679011682/1140)
U-Cook ugomela ngokuthi izinhloso ezinkulu zika-Israel zingafezwa noma ngabe i-Hamas iyawa noma isala, inqobo nje uma ichotshozwa ngokwepolitiki. Kodwa ziyini+ lezi zinhloso? Futhi kungani abezindaba bezinkampani bengasho lutho ngabo?
U-Avi Shlaim uyaphawula:
"Inhloso yempi esimenyezelwe wukwenza buthaka iHamas kanye nokuqinisa ingcindezi kuze kube abaholi bayo bavumelana ngokuthi kumiswe umbango omusha ngemibandela yakwa-Israel. Inhloso engadalulwanga wukuqinisekisa ukuthi amaPalestine aseGaza abonwa wumhlaba nje njengenkinga yobuntu futhi ngaleyo ndlela bavimbele umzabalazo wabo wenkululeko kanye nombuso." (Shlaim, ‘Indlela u-Israyeli ayiletha ngayo iGaza onqenqemeni lwenhlekelele yobuntu,’ The Guardian, January 7, 2009; http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/07/gaza-israel-palestine)
Ngokomlando, i-United States - umshicileli wezikhali wakwa-Israyeli kanye nomxhasi wezikhulu - ibambe iqhaza elisekelayo, ibeka isithombe sayo esakhiwe ngokucophelela njengokuthi "umdayisi ongathathi hlangothi". Ngakho-ke, i-US kwaba ukuphela kwezwe elenqaba isinqumo se-United Nations Security Council sangesonto eledlule sokuthi kumiswe ukudubulana ngokushesha. Umbiko we-BBC uphawule ngokungananazi ukuthi "ukungavoti kwe-US kwenze kwaba buthaka umthelela wevoti ngoba ukwesekwa yiWashington bekuzofaka ingcindezi enkulu ku-Israyeli ukuthi ayeke ukuhlukumeza". (‘Amabhomu ahlasela iGaza njengoba i-UN ibiza isivumelwano,’ January 9, 2009; http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7819371.stm)
Amazwibela wendima yangempela yase-US, engcwatshwe cishe kuzo zonke izindaba ezivamile, anikezwe iphephandaba lakwa-Israel i-Haaretz. Inxusa laseMelika ku-UN, u-Zalmay Khalilzad, "uthole imiyalelo ecacile evela kubaphathi bakhe eMnyangweni Wezwe ukuze asuse noma yikuphi umkhankaso ohlongozwa yi-Arab Bloc eklanyelwe ukunikeza uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha isimo somxazululi osemthethweni ozobandakanyeka ngokuqondile. ngokuqeda inkinga yaseGaza." (uShlomo Shamir, umlobeli we-Haaretz, kanye ne-Reuters, ‘i-U.S. yokuphazamisa noma yisiphi isicelo sama-Arab sokuphusha isinqumo soMkhandlu Wezokuphepha sokuthi kuqedwe ukudubula eGaza,’ Haaretz, January 5, 2009; http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1052887.html)
I-Hamas isimemezele kaningi ukuthi ikulungele ukuxoxisana nombuso wamaJuda ngokupheliswa kwesikhathi eside phakathi kwemingcele yawo yangaphambi kuka-1967. Kodwa u-Israel usenqabile lesi sicelo, njengoba nje wenqaba uhlelo lokuthula lwe-Arab League lwango-2002; futhi njengoba nje belilokhu likulahla njalo ukuvumelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kwesixazululo esinokuthula eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Kungani? Ngoba usongo lwalezo ‘zokhubekiso zokuthula’ lwaluyohlanganisa ukuvumelana nokuyekethisa okungamukeleki. Umbhali owaziwayo wakwa-Israel u-Amos Elon ubhale "ngokwethuka nokungakhululeki phakathi kobuholi bethu bezepolitiki" okubangelwa iziphakamiso zokuthula zama-Arab. (Kucashuniwe, uNoam Chomsky, ‘Unxantathu Oyingozi,’ Pluto Press, London, 1999, p.75)
AmaPalestine abonwa njengesithiyo kubaholi bakwa-Israel; okucasulayo ukuthotshiswa. UNoam Chomsky uyabhala:
"Ngokujwayelekile eminyakeni edlule, i-Israel ibifuna ukuqeda noma yikuphi ukumelana nezinhlelo zayo zokuthatha izingxenye zePalestine ezithatha njengezibalulekile, kuyilapho iqeda noma yiliphi ithemba lokuthi abantu bomdabu babe nokuphila okuhloniphekile bejabulela amalungelo kazwelonke." (‘Chomsky on the US, Israel, and Gaza,’ January 8, 2009; http://www.thecommentfactory.com/noam-chomsky-on-the-us-israel-and-gaza-1298)
Futhi ngakho, njengoba uChomsky ephawula:
"Isici esibalulekile somsebenzi bekulokhu kuwukululazeka: bona [amaPalestine] akufanele bavunyelwe ukuphakamisa amakhanda. Umgomo oyisisekelo, ovame ukuvezwa obala, ukuthi 'Araboushim' - igama elihambisana ne-'nigger' noma 'kike' - kumele aqonde ukuthi ubani obusa lo mhlaba nokuthi ubani ohamba kuwo ehlise ikhanda namehlo egwetshiwe." (Chomsky, ‘Fateful Triangle,’ op. cit., p.489)
Isihloko esigcwele sencwadi yakamuva ka-Jonathan Cook sibonisa iqiniso elisekela inqubomgomo yamanje yakwa-Israyeli: 'Ukunyamalala kwePalestine: Ukuhlolwa kuka-Israyeli ekuphelelweni yithemba kwabantu. ukwebiwa kwezinsiza." (Cook, ‘Ukunyamalala kwePalestine,’ p.70)
Isishoshovu sokuthula sase-Israel u-Uri Avnery uyavuma, ephikisana ngokuthi ukuvinjelwa kweGaza "kuyisivivinyo sesayensi esenzelwe ukuthola ukuthi umuntu angalambisa kangakanani abantu futhi aguqule impilo yabo ibe isihogo ngaphambi kokuba baphule." U-Avnery uyanezela: “Impi yamanje iwukuqhubeka kokuhlolwa ngezinye izindlela.” (Uri Avnery, ‘Molten Lead in Gaza,’ Counterpunch, January 2-4, 2009; http://www.counterpunch.org/avnery01022009.html)
Ebika engaphakathi kwa-Israel, uCook ubhale ngokucophelela ukucindezelwa osekunesikhathi eside kwabasePalestine abayizigidi ezine ezindaweni ezihlaselwe iGaza kanye neWest Bank, kanye nezakhamizi zasePalestine ezisezingeni lesibili eziyizigidi eziyi-4 ngaphakathi kwa-Israyeli uqobo. Ngenxa yezinga labo lokuzalwa eliphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, abantu basePalestine babonwa abantu abaningi bakwa-Israel "njengebhomu lesikhathi sabantu"; usongo esimweni samaJuda sombuso wakwa-Israel.
Ngo-2002, uGeneral Eitan Ben Elyahu, owayeyinhloko yebutho lezindiza lakwa-Israel, wamemezela kumabonakude wakwa-Israel ukuthi "ekugcineni kuzomele sehlise inani labantu basePalestine abahlala ezindaweni." (Cook, op. cit., pp.134-135)
Lo mbono wokuhlanzwa kohlanga wawujwayeleke kuDavid Ben-Gurion, omunye wabadwebi abakhulu bakwa-Israel kanye nondunankulu wabo wokuqala. Umbono umkhankaso wokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu, ukulamba kanye nokukhubaza ukuze abantu basePalestine babaleke; i-echo enyantisayo ka-1948. Ukuhlanjululwa kobuhlanga kwePalestine ngo-1948, kwakukhulu futhi kunonya, kodwa kungaphelele: amaphesenti angama-80 hhayi amaphesenti angu-100 amaPalestina axoshwa.
UCook uxwayisa ngokuthi ukuphakama kwezombusazwe kuka-Avigdor Lieberman, isifiki saseMoldova esihola iqembu elikude kwesokudla, kuwuphawu lwezinto ezizayo. U-Lieberman, kusho u-Cook, "ubuso obungase bubonakale bekusasa lezombangazwe lakwa-Israyeli. Ubelokhu ekhuthaza esidlangalaleni, futhi ethola ukusekelwa, ukuxoshwa kwedlanzana lakwa-Israyeli lasePalestina, umgomo osuwenziwe ngasese abaholi abaningi abavamile isikhathi eside." (Ibid., pp.139-140)
Isazi-mlando sakwa-Israel u-Benny Morris, ngaphambili owayeyizwi elikhululekile, "ngelinye lenani elikhulayo lama-Israyeli asekela le nqubomgomo eqinile yokuxoshwa, noma 'ukudlulisa' njengoba kuvame ukubizwa, futhi ngokukhohlisa, okubhekiselwa kuyo." (Ibid., p.141)
U-Cook uphikisa ngokuthi inhloso yangempela yakwa-Israel ukulingisa isibonelo sobandlululo eNingizimu Afrika; ukuguqula amadolobha asePalestine abe ama-Bantustan olwandle lwendawo elawulwa yi-Israel, okushiya abahlali bakwa-Israel bephethe umhlaba olimekayo kanye nemithombo yamanzi ebalulekile. Uyaxwayisa:
"Imodeli yobandlululo mancane amathuba okuba kube ukuphela kwendaba, nokho... Esinye isisombululo - ukudluliswa - kuzodingeka. Umphakathi wakwa-Israel usuvele uthanjisiwe, nongqongqoshe bakahulumeni bewubhalisela ngokukhululekile. Abantu basePalestina kuzodingeka bakhuthazwe, noma enziwe, ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo nomhlaba.” (Ibid., pp.149-150)
U-Ilan Pappé uphawula ukuthi izibalo eziholayo zeZionist sekuyisikhathi eside zinemibono enjalo. Omunye wabo, u-Yossef Weitz, wabhala ngo-1940: "Kuyilungelo lethu ukudlulisa ama-Arabhu" futhi "Ama-Arabhu kufanele ahambe!" (Pappé, ‘The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine,’ OneWorld, Oxford, 2006, p.23)
Ngo-1948, uDavid Ben-Gurion waphikisa:
"Kumele sisebenzise ukwesaba, ukubulala, ukwesabisa, ukudliwa komhlaba, kanye nokunqanyulwa kwazo zonke izinsizakalo zezenhlalakahle ukuze kuqedwe i-Arabia yaseGalile." (Edward S. Herman noGrace Kwinjeh, ‘Ethnic Cleansing: Constructive, Benign, and Nefarious (Kafka Era Studies, No. 1),’ ZNet, August 9, 2006; http://www.zmag.org/znet/viewArticle/3419)
Eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu kamuva, ngo-1998, u-Ariel Sharon waveza iphuzu elifanayo:
"Kuwumsebenzi wabaholi bakwa-Israyeli ukuchaza umbono womphakathi, ngokucacile nangesibindi, inani elithile lamaqiniso alikhohlwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Okokuqala kwalokhu ukuthi akukho Zionism, colonization noma umbuso wamaJuda ngaphandle kokuxoshwa kwama-Arabhu. nokuphucwa imihlaba yabo.” (Ibid.)
Ngomhla zingama-24 kuNhlaba wezi-2006, uNdunankulu wakwa-Israel u-Ehud Olmert utshele iseshini ehlanganyelwe yengqungquthela ukuthi "Ngiyakholwa futhi kuze kube yilolu suku ngisakholelwa, emalungelweni abantu bakithi aphakade kanye nomlando kulo lonke izwe." (Ibid.)
Kuyadabukisa ukuthi amaJuda angama-60 e-Israel asekela izinhlelo zokukhuthaza noma ukuphoqa ama-Arabhu ukuthi ashiye zombili izindawo ezithathiwe kanye no-Israel. (Cook, op. cit., p.141)
Isiphetho
U-Edward Herman kanye noGrace Kwinjeh baveza ukuthi ukuhlasela kuka-Israel ngesihluku eLebanon ngo-2006 kwavezwa njengesenzo sokuzivikela ekusongeleni kwe-Hezbollah. Eqinisweni, njengoba uKaveh L Afrasiabi abhala, lena kwakuyimpi "yokuhlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yendawo yaseLebanon ngaphandle kokusho lokho, ngaphansi kwezaba lezokuphepha kanye nokuvinjelwa kokuhlaselwa okuzayo kwa-Israyeli". (Kucashuniwe, uHerman noKwinjeh, op. cit.)
Lo mkhankaso “wokuhlenga umhlaba”, ngolimi lwamaZayoni, udinga ukuthathelwa umhlaba ngendluzula kwabanye. Ngakho-ke, uHerman noKwinjeh bayaphawula, "kuyisibonelo esiyisibonelo sokufuna inhlangano 'Enkulu' - lapha i-Greater Israel - idrayivu lapho uMilosevic kanye namaSerbs 'okusolakala ukuthi bafuna i-'Greater Serbia' kwethulwe njengento eyinhloko yomsebenzi ongekho emthethweni ku-ICTY [International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia] ecaleni likaMilosevic." (Ibid.)
Njengoba uChomsky esho kahle, ukusabela okunobudlova kweHamas "kungalahlwa njengobugebengu kanye nobuwula kwezombusazwe, kodwa labo abanganikezeli okunye abanazo izizathu zokuziphatha zokukhipha izahlulelo ezinjalo, ikakhulukazi labo base-US abakhetha ukuthinteka ngokuqondile kulezi eziqhubekayo. ubugebengu - ngamazwi abo, izenzo zabo, noma ukuthula kwabo." (http://www.thecommentfactory.com/noam-chomsky-on-the-us-israel-and-gaza-1298)
Ngakho-ke, ukuhlasela okuqhubekayo eGaza kungaphezu nje kokubuyisela ukuziqhenya kwezempi, ukuvimbela ukuhlasela kwamarokhethi nokuchoboza iHamas. Kumayelana nohlelo lwesu luka-Israyeli lokukhulula abantu basePalestine esiphethweni esibi ngokuphishekela iphupho lamaZiyoni.
Njengoba kunjalo kubo bonke ababambisene nabo abakhulu base-US-UK, ukuhlaziya ngokwethembeka inqubomgomo yezwe yaleli zinga lobubi kuyinto engacatshangelwayo kumithombo yezindaba evamile ekhululekile futhi ezimele.
ISENZO ESIPHAKANYISIWE
Umgomo weMedia Lens ukukhuthaza ukuhluzeka kwengqondo, ububele nokuhlonipha abanye. Uma ubhalela izintatheli, sikunxusa kakhulu ukuthi ugcine ithoni enesizotha, engenalo udlame futhi engahlukumezi.
Bhalela uJeremy Bowen
Email: [i-imeyili ivikelwe]
Bhalela uHelen Boaden, umqondisi we-BBC News
Email: [i-imeyili ivikelwe]
UJon Snow, umethuli wezindaba weChannel 4
Email: [i-imeyili ivikelwe]
UDavid Mannion, umhleli omkhulu wezindaba ze-ITV
Email: [i-imeyili ivikelwe]
U-Alan Rusbridger, umhleli we-Guardian
Email: [i-imeyili ivikelwe]
Roger Alton, umhleli we-Independent
Email: [i-imeyili ivikelwe]
Sicela usithumelele ikhophi yama-imeyili akho
Email: [i-imeyili ivikelwe]