[Lokhu ukuqhubeka kwesahluko eside esisalungiswa mayelana ne-parecon kanye ne-marxismโฆ]
I-Marxism kanye neClass
Kodwa lokhu okungenhla akuyona inkinga ye-Marxism engifisa ukuyiveza lapha, ngokwengxenye ngoba iqondile ukuyilungisa futhi iningi lama-Marxists lisebenze kanzima ekwenzeni lokho, futhi ngenxa yokuthi akulona ngokuqondile ukukhathazeka mayelana ne-parecon. izinto esizozithatha manje.
Ngempela, ake sithi iningi labalandeli bakaMarx ngokushesha bafinyelela lokhu kucebisa okungenhla nokuhlukahluka kwemiqondo yabo. Ngingagculiseka ngeMarxism evuselelwe kanjalo futhi ngikhuthaze ukuthi umnotho obambe iqhaza ungumbono kaMarx?
Ngingajabula ngempela ngoshintsho, yebo, kodwa cha, bengingeke ngikwazi ukugibela ngoba umbono we-pareconist ukhombisa ukuthi i-Marxism inenkinga yesibili embi nengalungiseki kalula. I-Marxism, ngokuxakayo, yenza umnotho ube nephutha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinhlobonhlobo zayo ezivamile futhi cishe kuyo yonke imibhalo yayo, imiqondo ye-Marxist yokuchaza indlela izinto ezihwebelana ngayo ayiqondi kahle ukunqunywa kwamaholo, amanani, kanye nenzuzo emnothweni wonxiwankulu futhi ivame ukujikisa imicabango yezishoshovu eziningi ekuboneni ukuthi Ukuguquguquka kwezindawo zokusebenza nezimakethe ikakhulukazi kuyimisebenzi yamandla okuxoxisana nokulawulwa komphakathi, izigaba itiyori yezabasebenzi enganakwa kakhulu, mayelana nezibalo zamahora okusebenza kanye nokuziphilisa, njengokungathi lezi yizici zenhloso, izinombolo.
Ngokunjalo, nangaphezulu, ithiyori ye-orthodox Marxist crisis ihlanekezela ukuqondwa kwezomnotho wonxiwankulu kanye namathemba amelene nonxiwankulu ngokuvama ukubona ukuwohloka kwangaphakathi lapho lingekho ithemba elinjalo futhi ngokuvamise ukuhoxisa izishoshovu ekubalulekeni kokuzihlela njengesisekelo esithembisa kakhulu ushintsho kanye nokuphikisana okungokomlando okucatshangwayo ngaphakathi konxiwankulu uqobo.
Kodwa lezi zinkinga ezimbili ezifana nezomnotho ezichazwe ngaphambili umuntu angacabanga ukuthi ama-Marxist edlula, njengoba abaningi benzile. Ngakho-ke njengoba sicabangele ukugcizelela ngokweqile kwezomnotho, ake sicabangele lezi zinkinga ezimbili futhi.
Inkinga esele ukuthi cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zeMarxism, ithiyori yesigaba sikaMarxist iyakuphika ukuba khona kwalokho engikubiza ngokuthi isigaba somxhumanisi (professional-managery noma technocratic) futhi igcizelela kancane noma ivamise ukukuphika ngokoqobo ukungqubuzana kwayo nesigaba sabasebenzi kanye nenhloko-dolobha. . Lokhu kwehluleka okuthile kudala ukuthikameza ukuhlaziywa kwezigaba komnotho wakudala weSoviet, Eastern Europe, kanye neThird World non-capitalist, kanye nobunxiwankulu uqobo. Okubi nakakhulu, kuphazamisa ukuzuza imigomo efanele.
I-Marxism yembula ngokufanelekile ukuthi ukuhlukana kwezigaba kungavela ekwehlukeni kobudlelwane bobunikazi. Onxiwankulu banazo izindlela zokukhiqiza. Abasebenzi banamandla okusebenza kuphela abawadayisa ukuze bathole iholo. Unxiwankulu uphishekela inzuzo ngokuzama ukukhipha umsebenzi omningi ngangokunokwenzeka okungenani izindleko ezingenzeka. Isisebenzi sizama ukukhuphula amaholo, sithuthukise izimo, futhi sisebenze isikhathi esifushane nesincane ngangokunokwenzeka. Lona umzabalazo wezigaba.
Pho yini inkinga? Lesi sithombe sikaMarxist siyiqiniso eliningi lapho sifika khona, kodwa kungani kufanele ubudlelwano bezakhiwo kuphela budale umehluko wesigaba? Kungani obunye ubudlelwano bomphakathi bomsebenzi kanye nempilo yezomnotho bungakwazi ukuhlukanisa abalingisi babe amaqembu aphikisayo abaluleke kakhulu anezimo ezahlukene, izisusa, nezindlela?
Impendulo iwukuthi ezinye izici zingaveza amakilasi. Kubunxiwankulu, isibonelo, abanye abasebenzi abaholayo balawula izimo nemisebenzi enikeza amandla futhi babe nezwi elikhulu ngezimo zabo zokusebenza nezabanye abasebenzi abangezansi. Nakubungxiwankulu, abanye abasebenzi abaholayo babekezelela izimo nemisebenzi eyehlisa amandla futhi abanalo ngisho nezwi ngezimo zabo noma zomunye umuntu. Abasebenzi bangaphambili bazama ukugcina amandla abo ezimo ezinikeza amandla kanye neholo elikhulu ukuze baqhubeke nokubusa izisebenzi zakamuva. Nalokhu kuwumzabalazo wezigaba.
Ngaphakathi konxiwankulu, asinabo onxiwankulu nabasebenzi kuphela. Phakathi kwalezi zigaba ezimbili kukhona iqeqebana labalingisi abanamandla bavikela izinzuzo zabo kubasebenzi abangezansi futhi balwela ukukhulisa amandla abo okuxoxisana kubanikazi abangaphezulu. Kodwa kungani kufanele sethule ilebula yesigaba sesithathu yaleli qembu esikhundleni sokuthi sivele sithi iyiqoqo lezinye izigaba ezimbili, i-Marxist ingase ibuze ngokunengqondo.
Kufanele sikwenze lokho ngoba isikhundla salabo abalawula umsebenzi wokunikeza amandla kanye nezisekelo zokuthatha izinqumo zezomnotho zansuku zonke akukona nje ukudideka noma ukuphikisana. Ababona abasebenzi abanomehluko omncane kwabanye abasebenzi abaningi, futhi ababona onxiwankulu abanomehluko omncane kunabanye onxiwankulu abaningi, futhi abalona uhlobo oluthile lokuhlanganisa kokubili.
Leli qembu eliphakathi kwabasebenzi kanye nemali, ngamanye amazwi, akulona nje iqoqo eliphansi lonxiwankulu abahlangana esigabeni esiphezulu sabasebenzi, endaweni ephikisanayo. Esikhundleni salokho inesimo sayo esichazwe kahle, incazelo yayo ecacile, futhi ngenxa yalokho, imibono yayo kanye nezithakazelo zayo.
Ukuyibiza ngonxiwankulu abancane njengoba amanye ama-Marx akhetha ukuyenza kusanciphisa umcabango wethu ukuze uvumelane nombono omdala wobunikazi, Ukunaka imfanelo engalungile yalaba bantu - ukuthi ezikhathini eziningi banayo imali encane kodwa hhayi eningi. - futhi ngaleyo ndlela kushaye indiva ukuthi enye into ngaphandle kobunikazi ingaba umthombo wokwehlukana kwezigaba kanye nomthetho wesigaba.
Isigaba somxhumanisi phakathi kwabasebenzi nemali sichazwa ngokuba nokuzimela okuhlobene emsebenzini wokunika amandla. Ilawula isimo sayo ngokwezinga elikhulu. Ilawula noma ichaza isimo sabasebenzi ngezansi ngokwezinga elikhulu. Isebenzela ukukhulisa nokuvikela ukunethezeka namandla ayo emalini ephezulu kanye nakubasebenzi abangezansi, njengoba nje kwesinye isikhathi iphinda yenza lokho okufunwa yilabo abangaphezulu, kunjalo.
Ubani oqamba leli klasi e-US? Odokotela abahle, abameli, onjiniyela, abaphathi, nochwepheshe bezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Abantu ababona onxiwankulu, ikakhulukazi, njengesithiyo esicasulayo ekuchazeni ngokugcwele ubuhlakani babo. Futhi abantu ababona izisebenzi, ngokuvamile, njengabantu abayizimungulu abaningi okufanele banakekelwe, futhi, kunjalo, bagcinwe ngezansi. Ngicabanga ukuthi cishe ama-20% abantu bethu, mhlawumbe ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi, futhi anemiphetho enzima, kunjalo.
Umlandeli kaMarxist angase abuze, โYini okungenzeka ibe isisekelo sobunye bezombangazwe nezenhlalo phakathi komphathi womhlangano, umsizi womqaphi wenkampani efanayo, umqondisi osungulayo esikhungweni sezokukhangisa esiqashwe yileyo nkampani, kanye nozakwethu osemthethweni inkampani yabameli?โ
Impendulo iwukuthi bonke bathola isimo sabo, amandla, imali engenayo, kanye nobunikazi babo ekukhohliseni amakhono nolwazi olunikeza amandla kanye nasekufinyeleleni kwabo emithonjeni yansuku zonke yokulawula nomthelela.
Kuwukuthi bonke bazitshela ukuthi banezinzuzo zabo hhayi ngoba bethatha umcebo wabo omkhulu kanye nesikhundla sabo bagodle kwabanye, kodwa ngoba bahlakaniphe kunabanye.
Kungenxa yokuthi babona onxiwankulu njengesithiyo esibuhlungu ekuvezeni ngokugcwele amakhono abo - nakuba futhi, kunjalo, ukuthi ngokuvamile kufanele basebenzele imali (njengoba izisebenzi zivame ukwenza, kanjalo).
Kungenxa yokuthi babona abasebenzi njengabaphansi, abaphansi, mhlawumbe okufanele bahlengwe futhi baphume ngisho nasekusweleni, kodwa abangakufanelekeli ukuba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yezomnotho.
Futhi wukuthi uma beqeda ubunikazi bangasese bangakwazi ukuphatha umnotho ngaphandle kongxiwankulu abangaphezulu kwabo nabasebenzi basengaphansi kwabo.
Umlandeli kaMarx angase abuze, โKungaphansi kwaziphi izimo lapho bonke bebengahlangana khona bamelane nabasebenzi abangaphansi kanye nonxiwankulu phezulu? Ngokuqinisekile ngeke usho ukuthi bangakwenza lokho.โ
Kulungile, ukwamukela isimo esinjalo esidlangalaleni kungaba ukuzibulala, kunjalo. Kunalokho, lokho okungenziwa yilesi sigaba noma izakhi zaso eziphambili uma zifuna ukuletha umnotho omusha, ukulwa nempi yesigaba esilwa nenhloko-dolobha okuhlanganisa nokuhlonza izinto ezesabekayo zongxiwankulu njengesizathu somzabalazo wabo ngoba ukuhlonzwa okunjalo kuzokwenza kube lula ukunxusa bonke abahluphekayo. ukudelelwa konxiwankulu kanye nobumpofu ukuze bathole usizo.
Nokho, phakathi nemizabalazo eyalandela, isigaba somxhumanisi, uma sifuna ukubusa ngokwaso, sasiyolawula izikhungo, sigcine isiko laso eliphakeme kanye nezindinganiso njengesibonelo, futhi sibeke umthetho wabo ovela phezulu phezu kokunyakaza nezikhungo ezintsha, konke ngokwemvelo. , njengohlobo lwe-reflex yesithombe sabo siqu nesithombe sabanye. Ngale ndlela babezophetha ngokubusa umphakathi omusha, njengoba nje kwenzekile emlandweni.
I-Marxist ingase iphendule, โEzweni langempela, uqonde ukungitshela ukuthi ungacabanga ngempela `abaxhumanisi' behlangana ukuze baketule imali futhi basungule eyabo indlela ezimele yokukhiqiza?
Yebo, ngiqonde ukukhombisa lokho nje. Hhayi ngendlela encane engase ifike engqondweni, njengabaxhumanisi begqoka izingubo zikanokusho futhi baphakamisele phezulu amadigri abo eziqu kuyilapho bemi ngemuva kwezingqwembe ezithi onxiwankulu bayancela kanti nabasebenzi benza njalo. Kodwa enqubweni yenhlalakahle elahla onxiwankulu njengezitha okumele zinqotshwe ngenkathi kuqashwa isigaba sabasebenzi njengabangane - ngempela, njengamasosha - bese bethengisa ukunqoba okukodwa phezu kwemali kutholwa. Ngempela, lokhu, engqondweni yami, yilokho okwenziwa yiBolshevism.
Iphuzu elibalulekile lakho konke lokhu emcabangweni we-parecon kanye nokuhlobana kwawo nemibono ye-Marxist ukuthi lesi sigaba somxhumanisi singaba yisigaba esibusayo somnotho omusha lapho onxiwankulu besuswa futhi nabasebenzi basangaphansi.
Inkinga esemqoka ye-Marxism kuma-pareconists-ke, ukuthi imiqondo yeMarxism ifihla ubukhona balesi sigaba esingagcini nje ngokuqophisana nonxiwankulu kanye nabasebenzi ngaphakathi konxiwankulu, kodwa esingaba ababusi bomnotho omusha, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi, ngicabanga ukuthi, ukuxhumanisa.
Okokugcina, iphuzu elibi ngempela nge-Marxism ukuthi lesi sigaba somxhumanisi esisha siphethe umnotho sijwayelekile. Inobunikazi bomphakathi noma bombuso bezimpahla ezikhiqizayo kanye nezigaba zebhizinisi zabasebenzi. Ikhokhela amandla kanye/noma okukhiphayo. Isebenzisa ukuhlela okumaphakathi kanye/noma izimakethe ukuze yabiwe. Ivamise ukubizwa ngabameli bayo i-marketing socialism noma i-central planning socialism. Kugujwa njengomgomo womzabalazo kuwo wonke umbhalo wezomnotho we-Marxist. Seyemukelwe yiwo wonke amaqembu e-Marxist ake aguqula ubudlelwano bomnotho womphakathi. Lokhu kuxhumanisa kudlangile, okungukuthi, nokho akucatshangwa nhlobo. Uma kuxoxwa ngabakwaMarx, ngempela, izici zayo azibonakali.
Imibono kaMarxist kanye namasu
Ngokuphathelene nemibono yemiphakathi efiselekayo, ngakho-ke, kuvela ukuthi iMarxism ayikhiqizi ngezindlela ezimbalwa.
Okokuqala, futhi okunqotshwa kalula kakhulu, kunenkolelo evamile ye-Marxism ngokumelene nokuqagela โokuzenzakalelayoโ. (Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lokhu kuziphatha kuvame ukukwenza ukwenza abantu bakhathazeke ngokweqisa kanye nokugunyazwa ukuba babone kusengaphambili, okushiya umxhumanisi ethambekele ekubeni enze umsebenzi yedwa.)
Okwesibili, nokunqotshwa ngendlela efanele, i-Marxism ivame ukucabanga ukuthi uma ubudlelwano bezomnotho bufiseleka obunye ubudlelwano bomphakathi buzongena endaweni.
Okwesithathu, okukhathaza kakhulu, i-Marxism iyadida lokho okusho ukwabiwa ngokulinganayo kwemali engenayo. Umyalo okufanele silwele ukuwuthola โkulowo nalowo ngokwamandla kuye ngamunye kuye ngokwesidingoโ ungowokucabanga futhi unciphisa ukudluliswa kolwazi oludingekayo futhi kunoma isiphi isenzakalo awukaze ube ngaphezu kwenkulumo-nkulumo yabama-Marx abanamandla abakhetha okunengqondo nakakhulu ukuthi kufanele sifune โ ngamunye ngokwamakhonoโ futhi ahole โkulowo nalowo ngokomnikeloโ okungewona umgomo ofanele ngokuziphatha ngoba kungavuza ukukhiqiza, okuhlanganisa amandla ofuzo kanye namathuluzi nezimo ezihlukene.
Okwesine, futhi okudabukisayo kakhulu futhi okungenakunqandeka, ekusebenzeni kanye nasezimisweni zayo eziqinile (nakuba kubikezelwa ukuthi azikho njalo ekuncengeni kwayo okungaqondakali), i-Marxism ivumela ubudlelwano bezinkampani ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokukhiqiza kanye nokuhlela komyalo noma izimakethe njengendlela yokwaba, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuthaze umthetho wesigaba somxhumanisi.
Ngamanye amazwi, inhliziyo yenkinga eyenza ummeli we-parecon enqabe i-Marxism futhi abe nomuzwa wokuthi i-Marxism kufanele ibe nokuncipha kokufaneleka phakathi kwabashisekeli abaqotho abafuna umnotho ongcono ukuthi ngenxa yemibono eyisisekelo ye-Marxism imigomo yezomnotho ye-Marxism ilingana nokukhuthaza indlela yomxhumanisi wokukhiqiza. ekhuphula abalawuli, izisebenzi zongqondongqondo, abahleli, njll., ukuba babe isikhundla sokubusa.
I-Marxism isebenzisa ilebula ye-socialism kulo mgomo, kunjalo, kodwa ngokubona kwami โโlokhu kumane nje kuhehe abasebenzi nabanye abantu abanenhliziyo enhle. I-Marxism empeleni ayisebenzisi ngokwesakhiwo "imibono yenhlalakahle" lapho isesimweni sokuthinta imiphumela yomphakathi, futhi ayinikezi umbono owenza kanjalo, ngisho nangethiyori.
Isimo siyefana, uMarx ngokwakhe ubengakhomba ukuthi izinhlangano zonxiwankulu ziwasebenzisa kanjani amalebula entando yeningi, ekhululekile, elinganayo, futhi ukuze nje athole ukwesekwa emikhakheni eyahlukene nakuba engenzi ngokwesakhiwo sentando yeningi, ekhululekile, elinganayo, noma izakhiwo ezinobulungiswa. lapho benamandla.
Ekugcineni, i-Leninism, ukuqondisa okunamasu okuholela ekuzuzeni izinguquko, ingokwemvelo futhi iyimbangela evame kakhulu ye-Marxism lapho isetshenziswa abantu emiphakathini yonxiwankulu kanye ne-Marxism Leninism, kunokuba ibe โinkolelo-mbono nesu lesigaba sabasebenzi,โ hhayi nje inkolelo-mbono necebo lesigaba sabasebenzi. kunalokho, kungenxa yokugxila kwayo, imiqondo, amagugu, izinjongo, ukuzibophezela kwenhlangano namaqhinga, ithiyori kanye namasu ekilasi lomxhumanisi.
I-Marxism Leninism isebenzisa ingqondo nesakhiwo sesigaba somxhumanisi, futhi ifuna izinjongo zomnotho ezilawulwa yisigaba somxhumanisi.
Ngakho-ke kuthiwani uma i-Marxist noma i-Marxist Leninist iphika umnotho futhi inothisa uhlaka lwabo ngemiqondo egxile kakhulu kwezinye izizinda zempilo (hhayi nje ngomthelela wabo wezomnotho), futhi enqaba izici zezomnotho ezihlulekile zohlaka futhi ikakhulukazi ezimbili zalo. ukwakheka kwekilasi, ukwamukela, esikhundleni salokho, umbono wezigaba ezintathu kanye ne-parecon njengombono? Ngabe ngithi kulungile, ngiyalwamukela uhlobo lwakho lweMarxism?
Yebo, empeleni ngingakwenza lokho ngenjabulo kodwa ngenkinga eyodwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, yini ezuzwayo ngokubiza uhlaka oluvuselelwe umuntu oluphethe iMarxism noma iMarxism Leninism? Lawa malebula asho ukuthi cishe kuwo wonke umuntu owazwayo wasebenzisa imibono ehluke kakhulu kunaleyo ephathwa umuntu. Kungani ungatholi ilebula entsha engadlulisa umbono omusha wokwethembeka ngaphandle kokudaka ukucaca kwayo?
Ngisola ukuthi impendulo iwukuthi abantu abazibiza ngama-Marxist kanye nama-Marxist Leninist bakwenza kakhulu lokho ukuze bazibone beyingxenye yefa - hhayi ifa lezinhlelo zangempela esezibekiwe futhi zanciphisa izinketho ngonya futhi zaqeda izimpilo futhi. izifiso, hhayi ifa leziphathimandla ezisuka phansi kanye namahlelo ahlanganayo, kodwa ifa lokumelana ngesibindi nokuzabalaza okuvela ngaphansi kanye nefa lezimpande zotshani izifiso zokunyakaza, kanye nefa lobumbano nokwesekana. Hhayi-ke, nami ngiyafisa ukuzibona ngikulelo gugu futhi ngifanele ukuqhubeka kwalo, kodwa futhi ngikhathazekile ngencazelo yamazwi ami hhayi kimi, futhi hhayi ngabantu abavumelana nami, kodwa ngobuningi babantu. abaqonda amagama ngendlela ehlukile. Futhi-ke, cha, ngisho nalapho iqembu likaMarxist noma likaMarxist Leninist lenza zonke izinguquko eziphawulwe ngenhla, into engenzeka kalula ngaphambi kwesikhathi eside kakhulu, ngeke ngijoyine, njengoba ngangizozizwa ngisondelene ngokukhetha kwabo futhi ngibahloniphe ngenjabulo futhi ngibambisene nabo. nabo.
I-Pareconish Alternative
Ngokuvamile akusebenzi kahle ukuphikisa uhlaka lobuhlakani lokuma isikhathi eside ngokuthatha isimo esibucayi. Okuthile okuhle kufanele kunikelwe. Ngakho-ke kufanele ngisho ukuthi esikhundleni sokungaphumeleli kwezomnotho kwe-Marxism, ngokuphathelene kakhulu nezifiso zethu ukucabanga okuphambene kunxusa ukuthi sisebenzise uhlaka lomqondo ocebile ogcizelela ubudlelwano obubanzi bezenhlalo bokukhiqiza, zonke izinto ezibonakalayo, abantu, kanye nemiphumela yezenhlalo kanye nemiphumela. yezentengiselwano zezomnotho, ezenhlalonhle nezengqondo kanye nobukhulu bezinto zokuhlukaniswa kwezigaba, futhi ikakhulukazi umthelela wokuhlukaniswa kwezinkampani zabasebenzi nezimakethe kanye nokwabiwa okuhleliwe okuphakathi nendawo ekubunjweni kwezigaba ku-capitalism kanye naku-coordinatorism.
Ngemva kokwenza konke lokho, ngaphezu kokugcina ukuqonda okuhlala njalo kweMarxism kanye nalolo daba lwazo zonke izinhlaka zangaphambili, ngicabanga ukuthi abantu bazothambekela ekwenqabeni imakethe ekhona nedlule kanye namamodeli ahleliwe aphakathi nendawo omnotho ongcono futhi esikhundleni salokho bagxile ezinhlakeni ezintsha. . Kimina, ngibiza umgomo omusha wezomnotho engivuna ukuhlanganyela kwezomnotho okuhlanganisa, njengoba sibonile kuyo yonke le ncwadi, ukuzilawula komkhandlu, inkokhelo yomzamo nokuzidela (kanye nesidingo salabo abangakwazi ukusebenza), izakhiwo zemisebenzi ezilinganiselayo, kanye ukuhlela ukubamba iqhaza.
Isizathu esenza ukuthi le nhlanganisela yezikhungo ingabizwa ngokuthi i-socialism kungenxa yokuthi izikhungo ezichazayo ezihlotshaniswa negama elithi socialism esikhundleni salokho ukuhlukana kwezinkampani zabasebenzi, ukuphathwa okugunyaziwe, inkokhelo yokukhiqiza namandla, kanye nezimakethe noma ukuhlela okuphakathi, konke lokhu okushiwo yi-parecon.
Uma i-parecon ifaneleka futhi ifiseleka, futhi uma kufanele ithathe indawo yalokho okuye kwabizwa ngokuthi yi-socialism (kodwa ebizwa kangcono ngokuthi i-coordinatorism) njengomgomo wezinhlangano ezifuna ubulungiswa bezomnotho nokulingana, ngicabanga ukuthi ukwenqaba iMarxism neLeninism njengemibono yokusiqondisa kufanele kwenziwe. hhayi nje ngenxa yokuthola iphutha ezicini ezihlukahlukene zaleyo naleyo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba nenye indlela ekhethwayo ongayisebenzisa endaweni yazo.
Ukuzilawula koMkhandlu yilokho amaBolshevik akubhubhisa, kancane noma ngaphansi, eSoviet Union.
Inkokhelo yomzamo nokuzidela ibala amandla avuzayo noma okukhiphayo, indlela evamile yamamodeli abadidiyeli.
Izakhiwo zemisebenzi ezilinganiselayo zithatha indawo yenhlangano yendawo yokusebenza ukuze kuqedwe isisekelo sendawo yokusebenza somthetho womxhumanisi okhona kuwo wonke umnotho wangempela we-Marxist kanye nama-akhawunti aqinile wemigomo yezomnotho ye-Marxist.
Ukuhlela okubamba iqhaza kuthatha indawo yezimakethe kanye noma ukuhlela okumaphakathi nakho okukhona cishe kulo lonke uhlelo nokusebenza kwe-Marxist, ngaleyo ndlela kususe isisekelo sokwaba somthetho womxhumanisi.
Ndawonye lezi zici ezintsha zigqugquzela ubumbano, ukulingana, ukuhlukahluka, kanye nokuzilawula kunokuminyanisa nokunyathela ngakunye.
I-Coordinatorism isuka emiqondweni nasezibophweni ezihlukene zikaMarxist ikakhulukazi amaLeninist, ngisho nokuphikisana nezifiso zamalungu ezinhlangano zikaMarxist namaLeninist, yingakho le nhlangano idinga ukweqiwa.
Sebenzisa I-Marxist Insights ku-Marxism ngokwayo
U-Marx wasifundisa, ngokukhalipha kakhulu, ukubheka imibono noma uhlaka lwemibono, futhi sibuze kubo, basebenzela bani? Zifanele ini? Zihlanganisani futhi yini eziyikhiphayo futhi ingabe ukufakwa kwazo nokungafakwa kuzo kuzenza zisifanelekele noma zingasifanelekeli?
UMarx wayengesona isiwula samuntu futhi lezi yiziyalezo ezinokuqonda okukhulu. Nokho, isetshenziswa kuMarxism, iziyalezo zikaMarx uqobo zembula ukuthi lolu hlaka lushiya ngaphandle ubudlelwano obubalulekile bezomnotho mayelana nokuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi kanye nobudlelwano bezikhungo zokwabiwa kuyo ukuze kuzuze i-ajenda yesigaba somxhumanisi yokunqoba ubunxiwankulu futhi izifake yona esikhundleni sokubusa.
Ngenxa yalokhu akufanele nje sicabange futhi siguqule kancane i-Marxism, njengoba nje akufanele nje sicabange futhi siguqule kancane kancane ezomnotho zonxiwankulu. Zombili lezi izinhlaka ezihloselwe ukusebenzela izintshisekelo esiziphikisayo. Banokuqonda esingakuboleka, vele, ikakhulukazi i-Marxism ngenxa yokuthi iphikisana nonxiwankulu, kodwa mayelana nengqikithi yomqondo kaMarxism, ngokulandela iseluleko sikaMarx uqobo, kufanele seqe lokho.
Kepha i-Marxist ithi linda, ukunyakaza kwe-Marxist kanye ne-Leninist kusekela amanani afana nalawo agujwa yi-parecon. Bakhuthaza isidingo sokungabi nezigaba, ukulingana, ubulungisa, ubumbano, njalonjalo.
Yebo bayakwenza, futhi lapho izakhi zonxiwankulu zihlambalaza izihlalo zobukhosi azikwenzanga egameni lengcebo yazo enkulu yekusasa namandla, kodwa egameni lenkululeko nobulungiswa kuwo wonke umuntu. Umbono wabo wawubukhali ekuthethiseni isitha, kodwa wawungacacile kakhulu ngokungafani phakathi kwawo โnamabutho awo.โ Lokhu kuyiqiniso njalo lapho i-elite ilwela amandla, kunoma iyiphi indawo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, angingabazi ukuthi abameli abaningi bemibono yonxiwankulu bakholelwa inkulumo yabo siqu, isibonelo ukuthi abaningi ngisho nabaphezulu emphakathini wase-US namuhla bakholelwa okwabo. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi ukuqonda lesi sigameko kungenye yezinto ezihlala njalo ezifezwa yiMarxism, okuhlanganisa ukubona ukuthi inkulumo-ze, noma ngabe isuka enhliziyweni kangakanani, ayichazi kabusha iqiniso. Isikhundla sabo sekilasi, ubudlelwano obucacile bezimpilo zabo, kanye nesimo sengqondo, izindinganiso, kanye nezindlela zokusebenza izikhundla zabo emphakathini kunikeza abantu abaphakeme, kubahola, naphezu kwamazwi abo, ukuthi bangaphumeleli ubulungisa kubo bonke, kodwa basebenzise ukucebisa abambalwa. . Lokhu kuyiqiniso konxiwankulu futhi kuyafana (ngezindlela ezahlukene) kunhlangano ebusayo yesigaba somxhumanisi efuna umphakathi omusha nongcono.
Kungenzeka ukuthi abantu ngisho nasebuholini kule nhlangano ngezinga elikhulu noma ngokwedlulele baqotho ekubeni nezifiso ezifanele. Bahlanganisa abasebenzi ngezansi - abaqotho ngezifiso ezinhle - ngokuhlambalaza ukungabi nabulungiswa okukhona okwenziwa abantu abakhethekile okuzoshintshwa. Ngalezo zikhathi izicukuthwane ezihamba phambili ngokungangabazeki zizwa ubuhlungu ngokuhlupheka kwabanye futhi zizwa ubumbano emzabalazweni. โIzixukuโ zona ngokuqinisekile zifuna isithunzi nobulungiswa futhi zikulindele, kodwa zonke lezi zifiso ezinhle eceleni, inqubo yamaLeninist iholela esigabeni esisha esithatha indawo yalesi esidala esingaphezu kwabasebenzi ngoba yilokho okuseduze embonweni nasesikhungweni sawo. izinhloso.
I-Marxist iphendula ngokuthi lapho izinhlangano ezinjalo ziveza ubudlelwano obusha obucindezelayo ziye zahluleka ukufeza izinhloso zazo futhi azimeli i-ajenda yeqiniso yemibono eyisisekelo. Ekuphenduleni, ngicabanga ukuthi ukubiza konke ukunqoba kweqembu eligcwele abantu abazibiza ngama-Marx futhi abakwazi ukusho imiqondo nemibono ye-Marxism ngaphakathi ngaphandle, futhi abathi bayayisebenzisa futhi ababonakala bekwenza lokho, futhi abahlonishwayo. kuyilapho ekuphikiseni, hhayi Marxist nje kancane kamuva, kuyinto apologetics.
Umlandeli kaMarxist angase athi kodwa โokugqama kakhulu ngale miphakathi ebizwa ngokuthi โyobusoshiyaliโ ukuthi ifana kangakanani nobunxiwankulu ngakho kungani ungavele uyibize ngonxiwankulu noma mhlawumbe ngonxiwankulu bombuso? Igama elisha, ukuxhumanisa, livele lidide udaba. โ
Impendulo yami iwukuthi lokhu kufana nokubona abantu phakathi kwabasebenzi nemali njengomnikazi wengxenye yesisebenzi kunokuba babone njengekilasi kubo. Ngendlela efanayo, manje iMarxist ithi umnotho wakudala waseSoviet ungaba yi-capitalism noma i-socialism kuphela, lezo yizo kuphela ongakhetha kuzo. Futhi njengoba kungeyona i-socialism, kufanele kube capitalism.
Leli iqoqo lemiqondo ehlulekile emsebenzini. Imiqondo ihlezi ihlela imicabango yethu futhi ihlinzeka ngezigaba esizisebenzisayo. Kwesinye isikhathi imiqondo isiphushela ukwedlula lokho okusobala kuzambulo ezibalulekile ebesingakuziba. Nokho, kwezinye izikhathi, njengakule ndaba yemibono kaMarxism, imiqondo ifihla okusobala ekwakhekeni okuyiphutha. Sigeja lokho obekufanele sikunakekele.
Njengoba u-Einstein abeka umbono ovamile: โImibono eye yabonakala iwusizo ekuhleleni izinto kalula nje ithatha igunya elikhulu phezu kwethu, kangangokuthi siyakhohlwa imvelaphi yayo yasemhlabeni futhi siyamukele njengamaqiniso angenakushintshwa. Bese zibizwa ngokuthi `izidingo zomqondo,' njll. Umgwaqo wenqubekelaphambili yesayensi uvamise ukuvinjwa isikhathi eside ngamaphutha anjalo. Ngakho-ke akuwona nje umdlalo ongenzi lutho ukusebenzisa ikhono lethu lokuhlaziya imiqondo ejwayelekile, futhi sibonise izimo lapho ukuthethelelwa kokuba wusizo kuncike kuzo. "
Ukusho ukuthi umnotho wakudala waseSoviet wawungonxiwankulu naphezu kokuthi babungekho ubunikazi bangasese bezindlela zokukhiqiza, kimina, akusizi kangako kunokuqaphela ukuthi kufanele, esikhundleni salokho, uma kungewona ubunxiwankulu, futhi uma kungewona umnotho lapho abasebenzi bazilawula bona - bese kuba enye into esizodinga yona elinye igama eligqamisa izici zayo ezihlukile ezichazayo.
Ukungabibikho kwabanikazi kanye nokuphakama kwabahleli abamaphakathi, abaphathi bendawo, kanye nabanye abasebenzi abanikwe amandla emphakathini wonkana ukuthi bathathe isikhundla sokubusa yikhona okuveze le minotho njengehlukile.
Uma sibiza umbuso weSoviet Union ngokuthi ngonxiwankulu, njengoba abaningi be-Marxists benxusa, isiphetho esisodwa siwukuthi akudingekile ukuba sikhathazeke ngokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ukugcina ukwahlukana kwezisebenzi okunabantu abathile ababusa phezu kwabanye - ake sithi eQenjini LamaLeninist - kuyingxenye. kanye nengxenye yokungenisa umnotho omusha ongenazo izintshisekelo zabasebenzi. Singavele sifune umphumela onjalo ngoba awukho umnotho ongazuzisi ngabasebenzi ngaphandle kobunxiwankulu, futhi njengoba impela silwa nonxiwankulu kumele sihambe ngendlela enhle. Eqinisweni, iphuzu eliphelele lapha ukuthi umuntu angaba ngokumelene nonxiwankulu ngezindlela ezingaphakamisi abasebenzi kodwa kunalokho aphakamise abaxhumanisi. Yilokho i-parecon elwela ukukugwema.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela