Ukukhomba inyuvesi kuwumsebenzi wakamuva wamabutho aphiko lwesokudla angadunanga nje kuphela amandla ezepolitiki nezinkulumo zezepolitiki e-United States kodwa kanye nesilulumagama esingasetshenziswa ngokumelene nabo. Umkhankaso weminyaka emithathu edlule noma ngaphezulu wokuhlasela amanyuvesi ase-US njengesizinda sokugcina lapho isilinganiso esithile senkululeko yokucabanga isavikelwe usungulwe ukuze kuqedwe leyo nkululeko futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izifundiswa ngeke ziphazamise ukuhlakanipha kwezombusazwe okwamukelwe ngaleso sikhathi.
Amanye amaqhinga amakhulu kulo mkhankaso kube wukwethulwa kokuzingelwa kwabathakathi koprofesa abathile, befuna ukuxoshwa kwabo emisebenzini, futhi, uma behluleka, kungcolise igama labo; iqondise Izifundo ZaseMpumalanga Ephakathi njengomkhakha wezazi ngokujwayelekile futhi inqamule uxhaso lukahulumeni kuyo futhi ibekwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukahulumeni, futhi ikhuthaze abaxolisi bakwa-Israel ngokuzenza izifundiswa njengokuwukuphela kwento eyanele yokukhetha enye yezifundo. Ngenkathi kuvalwa inqubo yemfundo evuna izinkolelo-mbono zezenkolo zendalo nokunjalo sekunesikhathi eside kukhona, ukuhlaselwa kwakamuva kwezazi ezingavumelani nenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US kanye nezinqubomgomo zezwe lakwa-Israyeli yizindaba eziphambili zokugqugquzela zamanje. umkhankaso.
Okusengcupheni yalokhu kuhlasela akuyona nje inkululeko yezemfundo kuphela, kodwa i-scholarship ngayinye, futhi ikakhulukazi imifundaze yasePalestine ne-Israel, okuyiyona nhloso eyinhloko yabathakathi.
Okwenza lokhu kuhlasela okulwa nemifundaze kwenzeke futhi kudume ukuba khona kokungafani okukhulu, ngisho nokunqanyulwa okukhulu, phakathi kolwazi oludumile kanye nokusakazwa kwabezindaba mayelana nempicabadala yasePalestine/Israel kanye nolwazi olusungulwe yizazi mayelana nesihloko. Yilokhu kunqamula ukuthi abazingeli abathakathi bahlangane ngokumelene nezifundo njengobufakazi bokuthi akuwona abezindaba nolwazi oludumile, oluvikela inqubomgomo yakwa-Israyeli kanye nemibono ye-Zionism, okuwumbono, kodwa umfundaze wezemfundo osembule amaqiniso angemnandi ngakho kokubili. Ngakho-ke lapho abafundi abasebasha baseMelika abavela emakhaya, ezikoleni nasezindaweni ezinemiqondo, befunda emanyuvesi ngalesi sihloko, benza iphutha lokusungula umfundaze njengenkulumo-ze yasePalestine, isiphetho esisekelwa ukuthandwa kweCampus Watch, i-David Project. , kanye ne-Anti-Defamation League, zontathu izinhlangano ezikwenza kube yingxenye noma ibhizinisi labo ukuhlasela ukugxeka kwezazi kwenqubomgomo yakwa-Israel.
Ake nginikeze izibonelo ezimbalwa zalokhu engikushoyo. Zonke izazi ezihlonishwayo kulo mkhakha ziyavuma ukuthi iningi noma bonke abantu basePalestine ababa ababaleki ngo-1948 baxoshwa ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ngabakwa-Israyeli. Inkulumompikiswano ekhona imayelana nokuthi bonke ababaleki basePalestine baxoshwa ngokoqobo yibutho lakwa-Israel noma ukuthi ibutho lakwa-Israel laxosha iningi ngenkathi idlanzana lababaleki libaleka, hhayi ngenxa yomphumela oqondile wamandla kodwa njengomphumela ongaqondile wezenzo ezithathwe Ibutho lakwa-Israel kanye nohulumeni okungenzeka, noma okungenzeka, kuhloswe ngawo ukubaxosha. Ngokuphambene, abezindaba nolwazi oludumile lwemibono e-US namanje lusagcizelela ukuthi amaPalestine abaleka odwa, noma okubi nakakhulu, acelwa ukuba enze kanjalo ngabaholi bama-Arab (naphezu kwezimangalo ezingamanga zakwa-Israyeli zokuthi abaholi bama-Arab bacele amaPalestine ukuba abaleke, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa. ukuthi babacela ukuthi bahlale beqinile ezweni lakubo) kuyilapho amaZayoni ebancenga ukuba bahlale!
Umfundaze osunguliwe ubala yonke imithetho yokucwasa ngokwebala kanye nemikhuba yokucwasa ngokwebala esebenza kwa-Israyeli ebandlulula phakathi kwamaJuda nabangemaJuda, enikeza amaJuda amalungelo ahlukene namalungelo kwabangewona amaJuda, futhi inika u-Israyeli izwe elicwasa ngokomthetho. Ulwazi oludumile nolwabezindaba, ngokuphambene, luveza u-Israyeli njengombuso wentando yeningi ophethe zonke izakhamuzi zawo ngokulinganayo. Kuphinde kusungulwe emifundazweni ukuthi u-Israyeli ubandlulula amaJuda angewona ama-Europe (iningi lamaJuda ezwe) kanye nabafuduki bakamuva abangamaJuda baseRussia, futhi usezibandakanye futhi usaqhubeka nokubandakanyeka enkulumweni yobandlululo ngabo kanye nokucwaswa okungekho emthethweni kwesikhungo. bona (bafakazela icala lakamuva lokucwaswa kwamaJuda ase-Ethiopia lapho bemukelwa emanyuvesi akwa-Israel). Ngokuphambene, ulwazi oludumile nolwabezindaba luveza u-Israyeli njengendawo lapho wonke amaJuda elingana khona. Ulwazi lwezazi lubhekana nombuzo wakwa-Israyeli njengezwe elifana nemfundiso yenkolo, lapho umthetho wenkolo ubusa izici ezinkulu zempilo yamaJuda nokuthi ubuJuda bobu-Orthodox kuphela obuvunyelwe ukuba negunya lenkolo phezu kwezakhamuzi ezingamaJuda ngaphandle kweReform and Conservative Judaism, kungasaphathwa amanye amaJuda. amahlelo. Ngokuphambene, abezindaba nolwazi oludumile luveza u-Israyeli njengombuso wezwe. Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje zokuthi ulwazi lwezifundo luhluke kakhulu futhi luphikisana nabezindaba nolwazi oludumile mayelana nezindaba ezibalulekile mayelana nomphakathi nomlando wakwa-Israel.
Abaxolisi bakwa-Israel nabathakathi abaphiko lwesokudla bahlose ukusungula lolu โlwaziโ oludumile nabezindaba, olunanela izikhundla ezisemthethweni zoMbuso Wakwa-Israel kanye ne-US, โnjengezifundiswaโ futhi zichitha ukufundiswa kwezemfundo njengombono. Kukulo mongo lapho izinhlangano eziningi nabantu abangihlaselayo bangaphansi kombono ongamanga wokuthi engikufundisayo emakilasini ami kuwumbono โwasePalestinaโ noma ukulandisa. Eqinisweni, engozini yokubandakanya abagxeki bami abashiseka ngokweqile, izimangalo zabo ezicasulayo kanye nezinto eziqanjiwe akufanele zinikezwe noma yikuphi ukuba semthethweni, angiyenzi into enjalo. Ekilasini lami ngesihloko, ngifundisa izifundo zezemfundo ePalestine nase-Israel, yingakho nje abathakathi befuna iColumbia ingixoshe.
Njengoba ulwazi lwezemfundo lungenandaba nalaba bantu abacabangayo, baqoqe zonke izinsiza zabo ukuze baguqule inyuvesi ibe ngumlomo wenkulumo-ze yakwa-Israyeli. Basanda kujoyinwa yi-New York Times okwathi, esihlokweni somhleli mhlaka 7 Ephreli, yacela iNyuvesi yaseColumbia ukuthi iqaphe ikilasi ngokuchema โkokusekela iPalestineโ. Abahleli be-Times bagomela ngokuthi ithimba labaphenyi (elingekho emthethweni) i-Columbia University eyalibiza njengengxenye yokwesabisa kwalo oprofesa bayo lehlulekile ukuhlola izinsolo zangempela zabafundi abasekela u-Israyeli abahlangene namaqembu asekela u-Israyeli ngaphandle kwenyuvesi. Lezi zinsolo zikhuluma ngokungaguquki kwe-Palestine, ukuchema kwama-Israel ohlangothini loprofesa abaningana. Ithimba belingenalo igunya lokuhlola izinga nokulunga kokufundisa. Lokho kushiya inyuvesi ilandelela izikhalo ngezifundo ezinepolitiki nokungabi bikho kokuqina kwezemfundo njengengxenye yemizamo yokuthuthukisa umnyango. Umuntu angethemba kuphela ukuthi i-Columbia izoqhubeka ngokuzimisela nokunakekela okukhulu kunalokho ebinakho ngaphambili.
Okushiwo abahleli be-Times ukuthi kuwumthwalo we-Columbia University ukuletha ulwazi lwezazi olusakazwa emakilasini ayo ngokuvumelana nenkulumo-ze yakwa-Israyeli, i-New York Times ngokwayo engakaze ikuthole kunzima kakhulu ukuyisakaza njengeqiniso eliqondile noma kunjalo. Ngempela, u-Ethan Bronner, isekela lomhleli we-Times wezangaphandle, ucashunwe esihlokweni sangomhla zingama-24 ku-April egomela ngokuthi mayelana nezinqumo zoMkhandlu Wezokuphepha WeZizwe Ezihlangene mayelana nokungqubuzana kwe-Palestine/Israel, abahleli bamaphephandaba โsizibheka njengabangathathi hlangothi futhi abangaboshiwe. izinqumo ezinjalo. Siyazicaphuna, kodwa asiphili ngazo.โ Uma i-Times ingazishaya indiva izinqumo ze-UN ngokunganaki njengezingabophi, kungani kungafanele izazi zenze okufanayo? Ngempela kungani i-Columbia University kungafanele yenze okufanayo? Iqiniso lokuthi okwamanje, abaphathi baseColumbia abakaze bathathe izinyathelo zokuqapha ezombangazwe zezifundo akufanele kusiqinisekise. Ngaphandle kokuzibophezela kwakhe emgqeni osekela u-Israyeli kanye ne-anti-Palestine oxhaswe yi-New York Times futhi ubonakala ezitatimendeni zakhe eziningi zomphakathi, umongameli wase-Columbia, u-Lee Bollinger, ukhulume ngokukhathazeka kwakhe ngokuntula "ibhalansi" ukuba khona โkokuchemaโ kwamanye amakilasi ngengxabano yasePalestine/yakwa-Israel efundiswa e-Columbia, ahlose ukuyilungisa. Waze wazwakalisa ukukhathazeka ngokuthi izazi zaseColumbia zaseMpumalanga Ephakathi azibonakali zingakuchazi โubudlelwano . . . I-Columbia ingase iqashe maduze izazi zaseMpumalanga Ephakathi ezizozama ukuphendula lo mbuzo obalulekile!
Ukukhiqizwa kolwazi lwezemfundo emanyuvesi aseMelika akuzange kuhlukaniseke kuzo zonke izidingo zenhlalo, ezombusazwe, nezomnotho zezwe laseMelika. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwenqubomgomo yenyuvesi kanye nekahulumeni kanye nezintshisakalo zemboni ezimele kunomlando omude futhi zakhelwe ngendlela ehlelekile ohlelweni locwaningo lwamanyuvesi, okubaluleke kakhulu kusetshenziswa indlela yokuxhasa ngezimali. Ngisakhumbula ukuthi njenge-undergraduate e-US, ngangihlale ngikhungathekile ososayensi bezombusazwe ababehleka usulu izifundo zeSoviet njengoba bentula "ukuzimela" ngenxa yokubonwa kwe-ajenda ehleliwe futhi exhaswa yi-Soviet state, kuyilapho beziqhenya ngezwe labo. umfundaze nokuziphatha, โokwakungameleโ โukuzimelaโ kwezimali zikahulumeni wase-US kanye noxhaso lwezinkampani ezizimele ezivame ukuqhubekisela phambili izintshisekelo zezwe laseMelika. Naphezu kwalokhu kulinganiselwa kwesakhiwo, nokho, sisekhona isikhala esibalulekile nesibalulekile enyuvesi lapho kungakhiqizwa khona imifundaze ejulile futhi izifundiswa eziye zayisebenzisa ukukhiqiza umsebenzi wazo.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi umfundaze awuchemile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, zonke izifundiswa ezihloniphekile mayelana neJalimane lamaNazi kanye nokuqothulwa kwesizwe, ukuthatha isibonelo esibalulekile, empeleni kuchemile kumaNazi, kodwa akekho noyedwa ngaphandle kwabamelene namaSemite ongalokotha alinganise isahlulelo sezazi seJalimane lamaNazi kanye nokuqothulwa kwesizwe ngokuthi "umJuda" umbono noma ukulandisa. Okufanayo kuyasebenza emfundazweni ngeNingizimu Afrika ngaphansi kobandlululo, olungakaze luchazwe njengombono noma ukulandisa โkoMnyamaโ. Umfundaze wabesifazane uchemile ngokulinganayo ngokumelene nokucwasa ngokobulili, kodwa akubhalwa njengokulandisa โkwabesifazaneโ noma umbono. I-Scholarship ngo-Stalin, ebugqilini base-US, nge-colonialism yaseBrithani, ngobuhlanga baseMelika, ngokucwasa ngokobulili okuhleliwe kanye nokubandlululwa kwabesifazane, njll, ihlale ichemile, futhi akukho inani lokunxenxa okuvela emaqenjini angakwesokudla okuzophoqa izifundiswa ukuthi zifundise imibono yamaNazi noma yobugqila. ngentshisekelo "yebhalansi." Yilesi sikhala sokufunda lapho inyuvesi igcizelela lokho ama-neo-conservative Culture commissars afuna ukuvala. Ukwenza kanjalo, iyiphi indawo engcono yokudala ukuvumelana kunengxabano yasePalestine/Israel lapho kunesivumelwano esiphelele samasiko sase-US esinanelwe yiqembu elivamile kanye nabezindaba abaphiko lwesokudla nabangakwesokunxele. Uma izindaba ze-Fox ne-CNN kanye nezindaba ze-ABC zingavumelana โngamaqinisoโ azungeze i-Israel nezinqubomgomo zayo, njengoba kwenza i-New York Times, i-Wall Street Journal, i-Daily News, ne-New York Sun, khona-ke ngokuqinisekile umfundaze obalulekile kulo mbuzo. uzothola ukwesekwa okuncane okuthandwayo. Maqondana nalokhu ungaba ne-civil Libertarian Zionist efana ne-Village Voice's Nat Hentoff, abaxolisi be-Zionist abakhululekile njengomagazini we-Nation, kanye ne-New York Sun kanye ne-New York Post, bahlanganyele izandla ukuze bahlambalaze izazi zase-Palestine kanye ne-Israel "njengemfundiso eqinile. โ, โukungayekethisi,โ โokuqinileโ nokunye okunjalo. USolwazi we-Civil Libertarian kanye ne-Harvard Law uSolwazi u-Alan Dershowitz akagcinanga ngokujoyina umkhankaso ngokubhalela abezindaba, kodwa futhi ngokufundisa e-Columbia University ngokumelene noprofesa "abasekela i-Palestinian" ababebasola ngokusekela ubuphekula. Ngenhlanhla, uDershowitz akazange aluleke i-Columbia ngezinhlobo zokuhlushwa okungokomthetho engabhekana nazo koprofesa โabanecalaโ.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi akukho ukungezwani phakathi kwamalungu alo mfelandawonye ongengcwele. Nakhu. Ukungavumelani okunjalo kusekelwe ekwehlukaneni phakathi kwama-Arabhu โamahleโ nama-Arabhu โamabiโ. Lokhu akukusha kodwa kubuhlungu emuva kokuvela kukamengameli waseGibhithe u-Anwar El-Sadat njengom-Arab โomuhleโ wokuqala ukutakulwa esicongweni semithombo yezindaba yaseMelika. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ngenkathi uhlangothi lwesokudla lungenalo iloli nalezi zigaba, njengoba wonke ama-Arabs "emabi," ngombono wawo, i-mainstream kanye "nesobunxele" badlala kakhulu kulokhu kuhlukaniswa. Ngakho, ama-Arabhu abhekwa โnjengalinganiselayoโ futhi abonakala ekhuluma ulimi olungakubekela inselele konke ukuhlakanipha okwatholwa kwaIsrayeli abhekwa โnjengamahle,โ kuyilapho labo ababonakala bedalula ukuzenzisa kwabalweli bokholo bakwaIsrayeli โ amabiโ futhi achazwa ngokuthi โabeqisayo.โ Leli yisu elibalulekile lamaZionists akhululekile, njengoba lifinyelela imigomo emibili ebalulekile: ligwema futhi lifake ngaphambili icala lokucwasa okuphambene nama-Arab ngenkathi likhuthaza "ukulinganisela" phakathi kwezazi zama-Arabhu ngokuzinikeza udumo oludingeka kakhulu emphakathini nabezindaba. Ngakho-ke, muva nje ngike ngagxekwa intatheli yephephabhuku iNhlangano yesokunxele ngokuqunga isibindi sokubiza u-Israyeli ngokuthi izwe elinobandlululo, nakuba ngisekela incazelo yami enembile yezwe emithethweni yalo yobandlululo eyinqwaba ebandlulula amaJuda nabangemaJuda, futhi ezinikeza amaJuda amalungelo namalungelo ancishwa abangemaJuda. Imithetho enjalo ihlanganisa umthetho wokubuyisela (1950), umthetho wempahla engekho (1950), umthetho wempahla yombuso (1951), umthetho wokuba yisakhamuzi (1952), umthetho wesimo (1952), umthetho wokuphatha umhlaba wakwa-Israel. (1960), umthetho wokwakha nokwakha (1965), phakathi kokunye. Lokho aboHlanga kanye no-Nat Hentoff abakuthola kungathandeki ekuchazeni kwami โโu-Israyeli njengobandlululo ukuthi uphikisana nolwazi lwabezindaba nolwazi oludumile nge-Israel, okuwukuphela kwesilinganiso esamukelekayo solwazi lwezwe kwabezindaba base-US. Lapha kulele ukuhambisana kwabo nelungelo lokwenqaba umfundaze wezemfundo kwa-Israyeli. AboHlanga kanye noHentoff, phakathi kwabanye, benza isiqiniseko sokungiqhathanisa nezinye izifundiswa zama-Arab โezilinganiselayoโ abazincomayo futhi abangazichithi.
Ngokusebenzisa ukuvumelana okudumile kanye nabezindaba ngePalestine/Israel njengendawo yokungena yokuhlakazwa kwenyuvesi kanye nomgomo wayo oyinhloko wenkululeko yezemfundo, ama-lobbyists asekela u-Israyeli akwazile ukuthola abangani ekuphathweni kwenyuvesi, phakathi kobuhlakani, futhi ngokuqinisekile. phakathi kwabafundi. Noma inhloso enkulu yabazingeli abathakathi kuwukufunda ePalestine nakwa-Israel, abafuna ukukugunyaza ngokugcwele njengomzamo wokufunda, ukuze bavumelane nokwamukela ukumelwa kukahulumeni wakwa-Israel okusemthethweni njengeqiniso lezemfundo, imizamo yabo isikhule yaba isisekelo esiqinile. zonke zihlasela umqondo wenkululeko yezemfundo, kanye nesikhungo seNyuvesi. Nokho, isu labo aliphumeleli, njengoba ubuhlakani baqaphela ngokushesha ukuthi ukuhlasela kuzothinta ngempela uhlobo lokufundisa enyuvesi kanye nokukhiqizwa kolwazi lwezazi. Mayelana nalokhu, ubuhlakani base-Columbia namanye amakhono ezweni lonke sebeqalile ukuhlangana ukuze balwe nalezi zitha zenkululeko yokufunda. Lezi zitha zenkululeko yezemfundo azisongela kuphela ubuhlakani babafundi abancane kodwa zonke izilungiselelo zekilasi kanye nawo wonke umfundaze.
Ngenxa yamandla ahleliwe kanye nomthelela wabazingeli abathakathi, umsebenzi ophambi kwezifundiswa akukhona nje ukuqhubeka nokugcizelela ekubhaleni nasekukhiqizeni imifundaze ngePalestine ne-Israel, ezoqhubeka nokuveza isimo sangempela sombuso wakwa-Israel kanye nokucindezela kwawo. izinqubomgomo, kodwa ukuvikela umzamo wokufunda ngokwawo, ongaqinisekiswa kuphela uma isikhungo senyuvesi sigcinwa njengendawo lapho inkululeko yezemfundo igcinwa khona. Inyuvesi, nayo yonke imikhawulo yayo, ingenye yezindawo ezimbalwa ezisele, uma kungeyona yodwa esele, lapho ongqondongqondo abahluzekile basengaphila impilo yengqondo. Okufunwa ngabathakathi ukuthi siphile impilo yobugqila bombuso, njengabachwepheshile nanjengabaqambi bemibono. Lokhu siyenqaba ukukwenza.
UJoseph Massad ungumsizi kaprofesa wepolitiki yesimanje yama-Arab kanye nomlando wobuhlakani e-Columbia University.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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