NgoSepthemba 9, 2023, phakathi nomhlangano we-G20 eNew Delhi, ohulumeni bamazwe ayisikhombisa kanye ne-European Union. isayinwe imemorandamu yokuqonda yokwakha i-India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor. Amazwe amathathu kuphela (i-India, i-Saudi Arabia, ne-United Arab Emirates noma i-UAE) azoba yingxenye yalo mhubhe, owawuzoqala e-India, udlule eGulf, futhi uphele eGreece. Amazwe ase-Europe (i-France, i-Germany, ne-Italy) kanye ne-European Union bajoyine lo mzamo ngoba babelindele ukuthi i-IMEC ibe umzila wokuhwebelana ukuze izimpahla zabo ziye e-India futhi zifinyelele izimpahla zamaNdiya, lokho ababethemba ukuthi kuzokwenziwa. kube, izindleko ezincishisiwe.
I-United States, eyayingomunye wabasunguli be-IMEC, yakuphusha njengendlela yokuhlukanisa i-China ne-Iran kanye nokusheshisa ubudlelwano obujwayelekile phakathi kwe-Israel ne-Saudi Arabia. Kubonakale kuyithuluzi eliphelele le-Washington: ukuhlubuka i-China ne-Iran, ukuhlanganisa i-Israel ne-Saudi Arabia ndawonye, futhi kujulise ubudlelwano ne-India obekubonakala sengathi buthaka ngenxa yokungabaza kwe-India ukujoyina i-United States kunqubomgomo yayo mayelana neRussia.
Impi yakwa-Israel kumaPalestine eGaza isiguqule yonke i-equation futhi yamisa i-IMEC. Manje akulula ukuthi iSaudi Arabia kanye ne-United Arab Emirates bangene kuphrojekthi enjalo nama-Israel. Umbono womphakathi emhlabeni wama-Arabhu ubomvu, uthukuthele uvutha ngenxa yokuqhuma kwamabhomu okwenziwa yi-Israel kanye nokulahlekelwa okuyinhlekelele kwempilo yabantu. Amazwe ezifunda anobudlelwano obuseduze ne-Israel-njenge-Jordan kanye neTurkey-kuye kwadingeka ukuthi aqinise inkulumo yawo ngokumelene no-Israyeli. Esikhathini esifushane, okungenani, akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ukuqaliswa kwe-IMEC.
Pivot ukuya e-Asia
Eminyakeni emibili ngaphambi kokuthi i-China yethule i-“One Belt, One Road” noma i-Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), i-United States yayisivele ihlele umzila wohwebo oxhaswe ngumkhakha ozimele ukuze uxhumanise i-India ne-Europe futhi uqinise izixhumanisi phakathi kweWashington neNew. Delhi. Ngo-2011, uNobhala Wezwe wase-US u-Hillary Clinton wanikeza a inkulumo e-Chennai, e-India, lapho akhulume khona ngokudalwa Komgwaqo Omusha Kasilika ozosuka eNdiya udlule ePakistan uye e-Asia Emaphakathi. Le webhu entsha “yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nenethiwekhi yokuxhumana kwezomnotho nezokuthutha” izoba ithuluzi le-United States ukudala inkundla entsha yezinhlaka zikahulumeni kanye “nendawo yohwebo lwamahhala” lapho i-United States izoba yilungu (ngendlela efanayo njengoba i-United States iyingxenye ye- I-Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation noma i-APEC).
I-New Silk Road yayiyingxenye "ye-pivot eya e-Asia," njengoba uMongameli wase-US u-Barack Obama akubeka. Le "pivot" yakhelwe ukuhlola ukukhula kweShayina kanye nokuvimbela umthelela wayo e-Asia. UClinton esihlokweni kuNqubomgomo Yezangaphandle (“Ikhulu Leminyaka LasePacific YaseMelika,” Okthoba 11, 2011) iphakamise ukuthi lo mgwaqo Omusha Kasilika wawungaphikisani neShayina. Kodwa-ke, le nkulumo ethi "pivot" yeza eceleni kweMpi entsha yezempi yase-US i-AirSea Battle. umqondo eyaklanywa mayelana nokungqubuzana okuqondile phakathi kwe-United States ne-China (umqondo owakhiwe phezu kwePentagon ka-1999 cwaningo ebizwa ngokuthi "Asia 2025" eyaphawula ukuthi "izinsongo zise-Asia").
Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, uhulumeni waseShayina wathi uzokwakha ingqalasizinda enkulu kanye nomsebenzi wohwebo obizwa nge-“One Belt, One Road,” kamuva owawuzobizwa ngokuthi I-Belt ne-Initiative Road (BRI). Eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo, kusukela ngo-2013 kuya ku-2023, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-BRI sekuphelele U-$1.04 trillion usabalale emazweni angu-148 (izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zamazwe omhlaba). Kulesi sikhathi esifushane, iphrojekthi ye-BRI yenze uphawu olukhulu emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi emazweni ampofu ase-Afrika, e-Asia, naseLatin America, lapho i-BRI itshale imali ukuze kwakhiwe ingqalasizinda nezimboni.
Ijeziswa ukukhula kwe-BRI, i-United States yazama ukuyivimba ngamathuluzi ahlukahlukene: i I-América Crece kweLatin America kanye nezwe Ukulinganisa kwenkampani Millennium Challenge Corporation eNingizimu Asia. Ubuthakathaka kule mizamo ukuthi yomibili ithembele ekuxhasweni yizinkampani ezizimele ezingenamdlandla.
Izinkinga ze-IMEC
Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba i-Israel iqhume ngamabhomu eGaza, i-IMEC ibhekane nezinselelo ezinzima ezimbalwa.
Okokuqala, umzamo wokuhlukanisa iShayina ubonakale uyinkohliso, njengoba ichweba eliyinhloko lamaGreki elisephaseji—ePiraeus—liyize. ephethwe yi-China Ocean Shipping Corporation, nokuthi i-Dubai Ports inokuningi ukutshalwa kwezimali kusukela echwebeni laseChina i-Ningbo-Zhoushan kanye nase-Zhejiang Seaport. I-Saudi Arabia kanye ne-UAE manje sebengamalungu e-BRICS+, futhi womabili la mazwe angabambiqhaza ku-Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.
Okwesibili, yonke inqubo ye-IMEC incike kuxhaso lwezinkampani ezizimele. Iqembu le-Adani-elinobudlelwano obuseduze noNdunankulu waseNdiya uNarendra Modi futhi selingene ngaphansi kwe ukukhanya kwebala ngezenzo zokukhwabanisa—usevele engabanikazi bawo Ichweba laseMundra (eGujarat, India) kanye ne Ichweba laseHaifa (Israyeli), futhi ufuna ukuthatha a share ethekwini ePiraeus. Ngamanye amazwi, umhubhe we-IMEC uhlinzeka ngekhava yezwe yezepolitiki ekutshalweni kwezimali kuka-Adani kusuka eGreece kuya e-Gujarat.
Okwesithathu, umzila wasolwandle phakathi kwe-Haifa ne-Piraeus wawuzodabula emanzini okubangwa ngawo phakathi kweTurkey neGreece. Le "Ingxabano ye-Aegean" ibangele uhulumeni waseTurkey ukuba usongela impi uma iGrisi idlula nemiklamo yayo.
Okwesine, yonke iphrojekthi incike “ekumisweni okujwayelekile” phakathi kweSaudi Arabia ne-Israel, ukunwetshwa kweSivumelwano sika-Abraham esadonsela iBahrain, Morocco, kanye ne-United Arab Emirates ukuthi qaphela I-Israel ngo-Agasti 2020. NgoJulayi 2022, i-India, i-Israel, i-United Arab Emirates, kanye ne-United States bakha i-I2U2 Group, ne- inhloso, phakathi kwezinye izinto, “ukwenza ingqalasizinda ibe yesimanje” kanye “nokuthuthukisa izindlela zokuthuthukisa ikhabhoni ephansi” ngokusebenzisa "ubambiswano lwamabhizinisi azimele." Lona bekungumanduleli we-IMEC. Akukho “kujwayela” neSaudi Arabia noma ukuthuthuka kwenqubo ye-I2U2 phakathi kwe-UAE ne-Israel kubonakala kungenzeka kulesi simo sezulu. Ukuhlasela kuka-Israyeli amaPalestine eGaza kumise lolu hlelo.
Amaphrojekthi womzila wokuhweba waseNdiya wangaphambilini, njenge Umhubhe Wohwebo Wamazwe Ngamazwe OseNyakatho naseNingizimu (neNdiya, i-Iran, neRussia) kanye I-Asia-Africa Growth Corridor (eholwa yiNdiya neJapan), abakaze basuke ephepheni baye echwebeni ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Lezi, okungenani, zazinokufaneleka kokusebenza. I-IMEC izobhekana nesiphetho esifanayo nala maphasishi, ngokwezinga elithile ngenxa yokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kuka-Israyeli eGaza kodwa futhi nangenxa yephupho laseWashington lokuthi “inganqoba” iChina empini yezomnotho.
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