E-Durham (eNyakatho ne-Carolina), izidlamlilo zeqembu elincane Lesokunxele zacekela phansi isifanekiso sesosha le-Confederate. UTakiya Thompson, oyilungu le-Workers World Party, ugibele lesi sithombe wasiza wasiwisa. Yena, kanye nezinye izishoshovu eziyisikhombisa, baboshwe ngamaphoyisa. Ngaphambi nje kokuba aboshwe, uThompson wathi ngesenzo sakhe: “Ngikhethe ukwenza lokho ngoba ngikhathele ukuhlala ngokwesaba. Sengikhathele ubukhosi obumhlophe obungibeke emqaleni nasentanyeni yabantu abafana nami.”
Amakhulu abantu amashele eNkantolo yaseDurham County ecela ukuboshwa ngokucekela phansi isichuse. Lesi kwakuyisenzo esikhulu esingokomfanekiso. USerena Sebring, ongazange aye embhikishweni wokuqala ngesikhathi kubhidlizwa umfuziselo, ubephakathi kwezixuku ebezizoboshwa. “Sonke sizimisele ukwabelana ngezindleko zenkululeko yethu,” kusho uSerena Sebring. Ungumhleli wesifunda we-Southerners on New Ground, inhlangano emelene nokucwasa ezinze e-Atlanta (Georgia). "Sonke sikhona, futhi sizimisele ukuthatha noma yimuphi umthwalo, noma yimiphi imiphumela engaba khona kanye nokususwa kwalesi sithombe."
Phakathi kuka-1861 no-1865, impi yombango enonya yasongela ukuhlukanisa i-United States. Iphutha elikhulu kwakuyisimo sengqondo sezifunda ezahlukene zase-US maqondana nobugqila. Amazwe aseningizimu—i-Confederacy—yayigxilile emnothweni wamasimu owawuthembele ekusebenzeni kwezigqila. I-Confederacy yanqotshwa amabutho asenyakatho, ayeqhutshwa ngokwengxenye imizwa yokulwa nobugqila kodwa futhi izithakazelo zabasezimbonini eziphikisana nalezo ze-agrarian elite zaseningizimu. Ubugqila baqedwa kakhulu ngokunqotshwa kwe-Confederacy, nakuba ukulangazelela phakathi kwabamhlophe baseningizimu ngesikhathi sokutshala kwahlala kunamandla.
Isithombe sesosha le-Confederate e-Durham asizange simiswe ngokushesha ngemva kwempi. Isuka ku-1924, ngesikhathi somzabalazo wama-Afrika aseMelika kanye nabanye abancane ukuze bathole amalungelo omphakathi. Isithombe sethusi sasiyingxenye yegagasi lezikhumbuzo ezinjalo ezafakwa ezingxenyeni ezivelele zamadolobha aseningizimu. Lapho uThompson nabanye bedonsa lesi sithombe, sawa futhi sagoba esisekelweni saso kalula nje—lezo zithombe zakhiqizwa ngemali ephansi ngo-1924 ukuze zimiswe ngokushesha ezweni lonke njengophawu lokuqina kweWhite Power phezu Kwamalungelo Abantu.
Charlottesville
Ingxabano yaseDurham yalandela eyaseCharlottesville (Virginia), uhambo lwamahora amathathu ukuya enyakatho. Buduze nekhampasi yeNyuvesi yaseVirginia, eyasungulwa nguThomas Jefferson, uMongameli wesithathu wase-US, kuhlezi endaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-Lee Park. Ipaki ibuswa isithombe esingamamitha ayisishiyagalombili ukuphakama (amamitha ayisishiyagalombili) sikaRobert E. Lee, umholi we-Confederacy, egibele ihhashi. Umfanekiso oqoshiwe, njengalowo owawuseDurham, awuzange umiswe ngemva nje kweMpi Yombango, kodwa ngo-26. Ngalowo nyaka, eCharlottesville yaba nemihlangano yeNhlangano Yomakadebona Nezingane Zamakadebona Enhlangano. Izicukuthwane zendawo, okuhlanganisa bonke abaphathi abaphezulu beNyuvesi yaseVirginia, bajoyine umcimbi ukuze bafake lesi sithombe. IJaji u-RTW Duke, ilungu leNhlangano Yamadodana futhi owayeyiJaji Lesifunda, wayengumphathi womcimbi. Wabiza u-Lee ngokuthi “umuntu omkhulu kunabo bonke owake waphila”. Ukusuka eSigodini saseShenandoah esiseduze kwafika uMongameli Henry Lewis Smith waseWashington kanye noLee University, oqanjwe ngoRobert E. Lee owaya lapho ukuyohola ikolishi ngemva kokunqotshwa kwakhe eMpini Yombango. USmith wabiza u-Lee ngokuthi “usanta ongumKristu” ekufakweni kuka-1924.
Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, amadolobhana amancane namadolobhana kuwo wonke amazwe aseningizimu ye-US kuye kwadingeka ukuthi acubungule kabusha ifa eliyisikhumbuzo le-Confederacy. Imizamo engathi sína yokususa izithombe kanye nokuqamba kabusha imigwaqo iye yaphazanyiswa ama-power broker amadala. Lezi zithombe okukhulunywa ngazo kwakungezona ezabojenene beNhlangano noma amasosha “esizathu esilahlekile” kodwa futhi ezesabekayo njengaleso “sikaMalume Jack the Good Darky” (1927) eNatchitoches (Louisiana). Lesi sithombe sibonisa indoda yase-Afrika-yaseMelika ephakamisa isigqoko sayo kubantu abadlula ngendlela. Impi yokuba khona kwayo iholele ekutheni inikelwe eRural Life Museum, lapho ibingelela khona izivakashi.
Lezi akuzona izindaba ezingavamile. Ifulegi le-Confederate landizela ezakhiweni ezisemthethweni ngemuva kweMpi Yombango-futhi lihlala liphezulu ezindaweni eziningi. Izimpi eSouth Carolina zokususa ifulegi zathatha umcabango wezepolitiki futhi zadabula abantu abavele behlukene phakathi emigqeni yomjaho. Muva nje ngo-2015, ukusungulwa kwe-American Right kwalwa nokususwa kwefulegi le-Confederacy ezakhiweni zomphakathi. UWilliam Kristol, umhleli we I-Weekly Standard, umagazini ophiko lwesokudla, wakhalaza “nge-ajenda yekhulu lama-21 yangakwesokunxele yokucisha yonke iminonjana yenhlonipho, ukuqashelwa noma ukuhlonishwa kwabantu baseMelika ababelwela iNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene”. Ukugxilisa umqondo "wokuhlonipha" kwephiko elisekela ubugqila leMpi Yombango kungenye yezindlela i-American Right enxuse ngayo abavoti abamhlophe. Iphakamisa ukuthi i-Confederacy kanye nomlando wayo wobugqila iyingxenye yefa labamhlophe e-US.
Ngemuva kokubulawa kukaTrayvon Martin ngamaphoyisa eMissouri ngo-2012, ikhansela ledolobha laseCharlottesville uKristin Szakos waya eVirginia Festival of the Book. Kulo mcimbi wokubhalwa kwezincwadi, uveze ukuthi kungase kufike isikhathi sokuthi kubuyekezwe ubukhona bezikhumbuzo zeNhlangano. Kwaba nokukhefuzela lapho ephawula: kwaba sengathi, eveza, ukuthi wayethe “Kulungile ukuhlukumeza imidlwane”. Ngonyaka odlule, elinye ikhansela ledolobha, u-Wes Bellamy, lashukumisa umkhandlu ukuba ususe isichuse sika-Lee uqambe kabusha ipaki. Umkhandlu, ngasekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, uvumile ukuwususa lo mfanekiso, kwathi ngoJuni waqamba igama lengadi i-Emancipation Park. Ukususwa kwesifanekiso sika-Lee bekungaba okubalulekile ngoba mhlawumbe yisikhumbuzo esivelele kunazo zonke ze-Confederate.
Ukukhethwa kukaDonald Trump kwemukelwe kakhulu yizigaba zezombusazwe zaseMelika, kusukela ku-American Nazi Party kuya kuzinhlangano zamagugu ze-Confederacy. Engqungqutheleni yeNational Policy Institute eWashington, DC, ngoNovemba 2016, umholi wayo, uRichard Spencer, wajabula lapho izethameli zakhe zicula “Hail Trump! Siyabonga Bantu Bakithi! Sawubona uMnqobi!” ku-echo ethi "Heil Hitler", ingoma yamaNazi yaseJalimane. USpencer nabangane bakhe abangama-fascist banomuzwa wokuthi ukuphawula kukaTrump evuna “amalungelo abamhlophe” kwabazuzisa. Akumangalisi-ke ukuthi amaqembu ahlukahlukene amaNazi neNhlangano Yezizwe, kuhlanganise neKu Klux Klan namaqembu ezempi, anquma ukuqhubekela phambili esikhungweni seNyuvesi yaseVirginia nase-Emancipation Park ukuze enze ukuma kwawo ngokumelene nokususwa kwesithombe sika-Lee. Egezwe wubandlululo, la maqembu akuthola kungabekezeleleki ukuthi kuthinteke izimpawu ze-Confederacy.
Abazange bathembele kukho wukuvela komqondo obanzi futhi ojulile wokungahambisani nepolitiki yabo. Abantu abavamile, amaqembu aphikisana nobufascist kanye nezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene ze-Left bangena emigwaqweni ukuze babhekane nokufika kwabo e-Charlottesville. Ama-fascists azame ukuvusa udlame, nangempela omunye wabalandeli babo washayela imoto yakhe kwabamelene nobufascist, wabulala u-Heather Heyer, isishoshovu esineminyaka engu-32 ubudala, futhi walimaza abanye abaningi. U-Justin Moore, i-Grand Dragon for the Loyal White Knights ye-Ku Klux Klan washo ngokusobala: “Ngiyajabula ukuthi intombazane ifile.” U-Andrew Anglin, umhleli wesizindalwazi iThe Daily Stormer, wabhala ukuthi naye ujabule ngokuthi uHeather Heyer ushone ngoba wayengashadile futhi engenabantwana. Ngakho-ke, u-Anglin wathola ukuphila kwakhe “akunanani”. I-invective enonya evela kwa-American Right ihlanganisa inzondo ngabesifazane kanye nenzondo yabantu abambalwa. Kuwuhlobo lobuthi olujwayeleke eWhite House.
Steve Bannon
Umeluleki omkhulu kaDonald Trump, uSteve Bannon, ushiye ngokushesha i-White House ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kwemicimbi yaseVirgina. Kukho konke, ubehlele ukuhamba emasontweni ambalwa ezayo. Umhlangano wamaNazi eCharlottesville, owaphoxa kakhulu i-Republican Party, washeshisa ukuhamba kwakhe. U-Bannon wayeze ngasohlangothini lukaTrump ngonyaka odlule esuka endaweni yakhe e-Breitbart News, insika ye-American Right style yamaNazi. Uke wahlaba umkhosi ngokuncipha kwamandla amhlophe kanye nokuguguleka kwendima yeMelika emhlabeni. U-Bannon wayefuna u-Trump ahoxe ezivumelwaneni zezohwebo futhi abe nolaka ngesenzo samasosha ase-US phesheya. I-Multilateralism kanye ne-globalism kuseyizitha zeBannon. Ubudlelwane bakhe obuseduze ne-"alt-right", okuhlukile kwe-Nazi ye-American Right, kwakusho ukuthi u-Trump wayehlukaniswa ngokuya kumaRepublicans alinganiselayo. UBannon kwadingeka ahambe.
Kodwa uBannon wayesevele ekhombisile ukuthi ufuna ukuhamba. Ube nomuzwa wokuthi i-ajenda kaTrump intshontshiwe ngabashisekeli bezizwe ngezizwe kanye nabashisekeli bomhlaba abasebenza ngamalungu omndeni kaTrump uJared Kushner no-Ivanka Trump. Babekwazile ukuthonya uTrump futhi bamsondeze ekuvumelaneni kwe-US. U-Bannon uhlangane nabasondelene naye, umndeni wakwaMercer ongusozigidi, oveze ukuthi bazokuxhasa ngezimali ukuthi uBannon abuyele “emshinini wakhe wokubulala” eBreitbart lapho ayengahamba khona bobabili “nge-thermonuclear” ngokumelene nama-globalists futhi acindezele uTrump. Kuthiwa u-Bannon angase akhe isiteshi sikamabonakude esijwayelekile lapho engakwazi ukufinyelela khona ababukeli abaningi kunasewebhusayithi yakhe. U-Bannon ukholelwa ukuthi "uDonald Trump" kwakuyindalo yakhe nokuthi ngaphandle kwakhe ngeke kube khona umgogodla e-White House.
Resistance
Impi yaseCharlottesville yaphindwa ezweni lonke. Abantu abahloniphekile bajoyine amaqembu angakwesokunxele ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi i-American Right ayivunyelwe ukusebenzisa iqabunga lomkhiwane "lenkulumo yenkululeko" ukuze uyale indawo yomphakathi. Umbhikisho omkhulu eBoston (Massachusetts) waqinisekisa ukuthi ukuqoqwa kwe-American Right kwadingeka kuhlakazwe ngokushesha. Kwamane kwaphela edolobheni.
Ukumelana akukona nje enyakatho kodwa naseningizimu. E-Knoxville (Tennessee), iqembu lama-Vanguard lamaNazi lazama ukuhlanganisa imibono yalo eyidlozi yamandla amhlophe. Bahlangatshezwa yiqembu le-Anti-Racist Action's clown bloc. Lapho amaNazi ehlabelela "amandla amhlophe", ama-clowns abuza "ufulawa omhlophe?". Badansa bejikijela ufulawa emoyeni, bephazamisa ukuqina kwamaNazi ngobumnandi obalwayo. Lapho amaNazi ephinda isiqubulo sawo, osomahlaya bashintsha umbuzo wabo waba “imbali emhlophe?” wase edansa ejikijela izimbali ezimhlophe emoyeni. "Amandla Amhlophe", amaNazi ahlabelela ngokuphelelwa yithemba. Abesifazane phakathi kwama-clowns manje bathi "Siyaqonda" futhi bembula izimpawu ezintsha ezifundeka ngokuthi "WIFE power". Beqa mayelana nokucula “amandla omfazi” njengoba umholi wamaNazi, u-Alex Linder, eboshelwe ukuzama ukubahlasela.
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