โSihlalele ovalweni ngenxa yemiphumela emibi yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Esizweni se-coral atoll, ukuphakama kwezinga lolwandle kanye nezimo zesimo sezulu ezimbi kakhulu zibonakala njengosongo olukhulayo kubo bonke abantu bethu. Usongo lungokoqobo futhi lubucayi, futhi alunamehluko ohlotsheni olunensayo nolucashile lobuphekula olubhekene nathi.โ โ UNdunankulu waseTuvalu Saufatu Sapo'aga eNhlanganweni Yezizwe
Ngemva kokuhlasela kweParis, abaholi bomhlaba bavala imingcele yabo kubabaleki futhi banqanda ukuhlanganyela kwezinhlangano zomphakathi ezingxoxweni ezizayo zesimo sezulu. Kule minyaka engu-15 edlule, i-War on Terror ivumele ukukhushulwa kwamandla ombuso ngenkathi inqanda amalungelo ayisisekelo, ikakhulukazi izinhlangano zobandlululo ezimakwe njengezinsongo. Khonamanjalo, udlame olubhekiswe kubantu abaningi - okuhlanganisa ukucekelwa phansi okubangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ezindaweni ezifana neTuvalu - luyaqhubeka nokungajeziswa kwamazwe ngamazwe.
I-Tuvalu ingesinye seziqhingi eziphansi zase-Pacific ezisongelwa ngokucwiliswa emanzini ngokuphelele njengoba ukufudumala okuyingozi kubangela ukuthi amazinga olwandle anyuke kakhulu. Abantu baseTuvalu abangaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwesihlanu kakade sebephoqelekile ukuba babaleke futhi uhulumeni waseTuvalu ubelokhu enxusa i-UN ukuba ilalele inhlekelele ezayo eTuvalu. Naphezu kokuba nekhabhoni ephakeme kakhulu emhlabeni ngomuntu ngamunye, umakhelwane waseTuvalu, e-Australia, kuze kube manje wenqabile ukwamukela abantu baseTuvalu njengababaleki besimo sezulu.
Kusobala ukuthi i-Australia kanye nabanye ohulumeni baseNtshonalanga yokungaphenduli ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu kukhiqizwa ekuphikeni kwabo ubuntu balabo abawumkhiqizo womhlaba wethu ongalingani; izigidi zabantu ziphathwa njengezinto ezisebenzisekayo njengomhlaba, umoya namanzi abantu abakhethekile kanye nabangane babo bezinkampani abambayo futhi bangcolise.
Ababaleki Besimo Sezulu ku-COP21 Climate Talks
Eminyakeni emibili eyedlule, isiphepho esinamandla kunawo wonke esake saqoshwa lapho kwafika khona umhlaba sahlasela iPhilippines. Isiphepho u-Haiyan sishiye abantu abangu-6,000 beshonile kwathi abantu abayizigidi ezine baphoqwa ukuphuma ezindlini zabo. Kule nyanga umfelandawonye wabasindile ukhiphe isitatimende sesikhumbuzo seminyaka yonke emhlabeni:
โNgonyaka wesibili ka-Yolanda, amakhandlela akhanyisiwe angase angasaneli. Kumelwe sihlele isenzo esikhulayo sokuqinisa amanethiwekhi ethu abanzi ukuze sicindezele ohulumeni bethu abangafaneleki kanye nezikhondlakhondla zezinkampani ezingama-200 eziqongelela ingcebo ngokungcoliswa komoya kanye nokuxhashazwa komphakathi โฆ Manje isikhathi sokuqeda inkinga yesimo sezulu. Yazisa umhlaba - ukusinda kwethu akunakuxoxwa."
Ngokusho kwe-Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, isilinganiso sabantu abayizigidi ezingu-26.4 ngonyaka baye basuswa ezindaweni zabo ngenxa yezinhlekelele zemvelo. Lokhu kulingana nomuntu oyedwa oxoshwayo umzuzwana ngamunye, futhi amathuba okuba akhishwe inhlekelele yesimo sezulu aphakeme ngamaphesenti angu-60 namuhla kunaseminyakeni engamashumi amane edlule.
Noma izinhlangano zamazwe omhlaba kanye nosopolitiki bevame ukumemezela ukuthi isimo sezulu nokufuduka kuyizingqinamba ezimbili ezinkulu emhlabeni namuhla, isiphakamiso sokuxhasa ababaleki besimo sezulu sihoxisiwe ezingxoxweni zesimo sezulu ze-UN COP21 eParis. Esinye sezincomo ezibalulekile ezivela kwiQembu Elilulekayo Ngokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu kanye Nokuhamba Komuntu ukuxhasa ngezimali amasu okuzivumelanisa nezimo asekela imiphakathi ukuthi ihlale, kanye namasu okufuduka ngokuphepha ngokusebenzisa indawo yokuxhumanisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kuphakanyiswe amazwe aphansi eGlobal South, lesi sincomo siphikiswa amazwe aseNtshonalanga, ikakhulukazi i-Australia, futhi manje sesichithiwe ngokuphelele esivumelwaneni sakamuva esiwuhlaka.
Kubeka obala ukuthi kulabo abaphethe ukusinda kwemizimba ensundu nensundu empeleni kuyaxoxiswana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimakethe zekhabhoni ziyaqhubeka nokuba ngesinye sezixazululo eziphakanyiswe uhulumeni kanye nezinkampani eziphakeme, nakuba zivulela imiphakathi entulayo ukuba idliwe umhlaba futhi iphinde isuswe abanukubezi.
Ukufuduka Njengodlame Lwemvelo
Ababaleki besimo sezulu akubona bodwa abathwele imithelela yokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo. Ababaleki nabafuduki ababalekela impi, udlame lwezombusazwe kanye nokuntengantenga komnotho bavame ukuxoxa izindaba zokuphila ezicekelwe phansi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu noma amaphrojekthi okuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ashintsha unomphela izimo zendawo. Izinga elimangalisayo lenkinga yababaleki baseSyria, ngokwesibonelo, lihlanganiswa yisomiso seminyaka eyisishiyagalombili esiholela ekutheni amaphesenti angama-75 abalimi alahlekelwe yisivuno esiphelele kanye nabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.5 aphoqeleka ukuthi baye ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
Eqinisweni, udlame oluningi lwezombusazwe kanye nolwa impiriyali oludale ukufuduka kwabantu abaningi emhlabeni wonke ePalestine, Afghanistan nase-Iraq bungalandelelwa emuva ebugebengwini besimo sezulu obukhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni we-tar sands.
Eba nomthelela ongemuhle kwemiphakathi yomdabu engaphansi komfula njenge-Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation, i-Beaver Lake Cree Nation kanye ne-Lubicon Cree Nation emthonjeni, ngaphezu kwengxenye yesihlabathi setiyela sase-Alberta siya e-US uMnyango Wezokuvikela ongumthengi ohamba phambili emhlabeni wonke nomthengi kawoyela. Ngempela, Umthetho Wenqubomgomo Yamandla Yase-US ka-2005 ubeka ngokucacile ukukhiqizwa kwesihlabathi setiyela ukuze kufezwe izidingo zikaphethiloli zamasosha ase-US. Njengoba umbhali uNaomi Klein echaza, โNjengoba iBaghdad ivutha, ithunaza sonke isifunda futhi ithumela amanani kawoyela enyuka, iCalgary iyakhula.โ Yingakho nje umgomo wendawo kanye nomhlaba wonke omelene nobukholoniyali udinga ukuba yisisekelo sokunyakaza kobulungiswa besimo sezulu.
Ezweni laseMpumalanga Afrika iTanzania, izimayini zegolide zenza cishe amaphesenti angu-40 okuthengiswa kwezwe kwamanye amazwe. Imayini eyodwa nje, imayini yegolide yaseNorth Mara ephethwe yisikhondlakhondla sezimayini saseCanada i-Barrick Gold, isisuse imindeni engu-10,000 kusukela ngo-1997. Phakathi nonyaka owodwa, i-Legal and Human Rights Centre yabhala phansi amacala okubulala angu-19 abantu basemakhaya ababephikisana nemayini ngamaphoyisa kanye nabezokuphepha. Kwenye ingxenye esenyakatho yeTanzania, iGeita Gold Mine yasusa abantu abangu-250 endaweni eyodwa - cishe yonke imindeni elimayo engasakwazi ukuphila emhlabeni futhi ebihlala ekamu lababaleki lesikhashana iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili edlule. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezifana nezimayini, amadamu kanye nezikhungo zikagesi kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu emvelweni, kanye namalungelo abantu alabo abasuswa ezindaweni zabo ngenxa yokulahlekelwa izindawo zabo nokuziphilisa. Abacwaningi balinganisela ukuthi emhlabeni wonke abantu abayizigidi ezingu-15 unyaka ngamunye baphoqeleka ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo ngenxa yezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa izimboni, nokuthi izimayini zenza amaphesenti angu-10.3 abo bonke abantu abasuswa ezindaweni zabo ngenxa yentuthuko.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezweni elinemingcele enezivikelo eziqinile, ukufuna isiphephelo kubangelwa ubudlova ezweni. Ukwakhiwa kwezempi odongeni lwasemngceleni wase-US-Mexico, ngokwesibonelo, kudale isibazi esingamakhilomitha angama-650 emhlabeni kanye nokufa kwabantu abasuka kwamanye amazwe okungenani abangama-5,000 kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule. Ngo-2005, inhlawulo ku-Real ID Act yanikeza uNobhala Wezokuphepha Kwezwe amandla angakaze abonwe okuyekisa imithetho engama-36 eyayivikela izilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala, amapulazi, imifula kanye nemvelo ebucayi. Ngaleso sikhathi, amajele nezikhungo zokuboshwa kwabokufika ziyingozi enkulu kwezemvelo kanye nezempilo kulezo mizimba emnyama nensundu empofu ngokulinganayo egcinwe ngemuva kwezintila namanzi okuphuza angcoliswe i-arsenic, alala endle, nomoya ophefumulayo ovela ezitshalweni zikagesi ezisondelene ngokuyingozi kanye nezindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu.
Inkululeko yokuhamba, ukuhlala nokubuya
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuwumkhiqizo wesistimu yethu yezombangazwe, yezenhlalakahle nezomnotho - ebeka konke okungcwele emakethe ukuze kuphanjwe futhi kuzuze inzuzo, uhlelo lwezikhundla olwazisa abantu abathile njengabo bonke abantu kuyilapho abanye bekhishwa ngaphandle kobuntu futhi benziwa ukuthi zinyamalale olwandle, emigwaqweni nangemuva kwamakheji. Yingakho nje abantu abasuswa ezindaweni zabo kumele babe yingqikithi yokunyakaza kwesimo sezulu.
Njengoba umlobi uMcKenzie Wark esikhumbuza, โLabo abafuna isiphephelo, abangavamile ukuphiwa izwi, nokho bayimizimba ebhekana nokungabi nabulungisa kwezwe.โ
U-Harsha Walia (@HarshaWalia) uyisishoshovu nomlobi waseNingizimu Asia ozinze eVancouver, ezindaweni ezingavunyelwe ze-Indigenous Coast Salish Territories e-Canada. Ube neminyaka engu-15 ebambe iqhaza emikhankasweni yobulungisa bokufika emazingeni aphansi, abesifazane, abacwasa ngokwebala, ubumbano bomdabu, abamelene nonxiwankulu kanye nama impiriyali. Ungumbhali wencwadi ethi Undoing Border Imperialism.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela