Umthombo: The Intercept
Unyaka ka-2020 bekungenye yezinxushunxushu kakhulu emlandweni wanamuhla waseMelika. Ukuthola izehlakalo ukude njengezidicilela phansi futhi ziletha uguquko, umuntu kufanele abuyele emuva enkingeni yezezimali yango-2008 kanye nokuhlaselwa kuka-9/11 kanye ne-anthrax ngo-2001, nakuba lokho kushaqeka okuhleliwe, okujulile njengoba kwakunjalo, kwakuhlukanisiwe (enye inkinga yezokuphepha kazwelonke, enye inkinga yezezimali) futhi ngaleyo ndlela umkhawulo wobubanzi kunokungaqini kwezingqinamba eziningi osekubumba ipolitiki namasiko ase-US.
Kusukela ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II, okuwukuphela kwembangi osondelene naye kuze kube manje iziyaluyalu eziphindaphindeka zama-1960s kanye nasekuqaleni kwawo-1970: ukubulawa okulandelanayo kwabaholi bezepolitiki, amalungelo omphakathi amaningi kanye nemibhikisho emelene nempi, izibhelu eziqhubekayo, ukufutheka ngempi esabekayo. e-Indochina, kanye nokusula kukamongameli okhungethwe inkohlakalo.
Kodwa lezo zenzakalo zenzeka futhi zakha phezu kwesinye phakathi neminyaka eyishumi. Ngokuphambene kakhulu, ukuhlangana kwamanje kwezinkinga, okubalulekile ngokomlando ngakunye - ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke, ukuwohloka kwezomnotho nenhlalo, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwabantu abaningi, umkhankaso wokubhikisha okhuthaza amazinga odlame nokuguquguquka, kanye nokhetho lukamongameli olugxile kakhulu. komunye wezibalo zezombusazwe ezihlukanisa kakhulu i-US eyazi ukuthi ubani ozoba ngumongameli ophethe - zenzeka kanyekanye, ziqhume omunye phezu komunye esikhathini esiyizinyanga ezimbalwa.
Ukucasha ngaphansi kwezihloko ezinikezwe ngokufanelekile kulezi zindaba ezinkulu zika-2020 idatha ekhathazayo ekhombisa ukuqina kwezifo kubantu base-US - hhayi ukugula kokuziphatha noma okungokomfanekiso kodwa ukugula kwengqondo, imizwa, ingqondo kanye nesayensi. Abantu abaningi abanenhlanhla yokusinda kulo bhubhane ngempilo yabo engokomzimba iqinile bazi ngokungajwayelekile - ngokubuka abanye kanye nabo uqobo - ukuthi lezi zingqinamba zezepolitiki nezenhlalo zidale ubunzima bemizwa nezinselelo ezingokwengqondo.
Kodwa idatha noma kunjalo iyamangaza, ngokokubili ukujula kwezinkinga zempilo yezenhlalo nengqondo ezibonisayo kanye nokusabalala kwazo. Mhlawumbe ucwaningo oluyisibonelo kakhulu yilolo olukhishwe yiCenters for Disease Control and Prevention ekuqaleni kwale nyanga, ngokususelwa ku. inhlolovo yezempilo yengqondo ebanzi yabaseMelika ngasekupheleni kukaJuni.
Umbuzo owodwa obuzwe abacwaningi bekuwukuthi ingabe kukhona umuntu โokucabange ngokungathi sรญna ukuzibulala ezinsukwini ezingu-30 ezedluleโโakazange akuthathe ngokushesha njengephupho lesikhashana noma acabange ngakho ekuphileni kwakhe, kodwa kucatshangelwe ngokungathi sรญna ukuzibulala okungenani kanye ku ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ezedlule. Imiphumela iyamangalisa.
KwabaseMelika abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-18-24, amaphesenti angama-25.5 - ngaphezulu nje 1 kwabayi-4 abasha baseMelika - bathi babenayo. Eqenjini elikhulu kakhulu labantu baseMelika abaneminyaka engama-25-44, iphesenti laliphansi kodwa lisathusa kakhulu: amaphesenti angu-16. Ingqikithi yamaphesenti angu-18.6 abantu base-Hispanic baseMelika kanye namaphesenti angu-15 abantu base-Afrika baseMelika bathi bakucabangile ukuzibulala ngenyanga edlule. Amaqembu amabili anamaphesenti amakhulu kakhulu athi yebo: Abantu baseMelika abaneziqu ezingaphansi kwesikole esiphakeme kanye nabanakekeli abangakhokhelwa, bobabili abanamaphesenti angama-30 - noma cishe oyedwa kwabathathu - abaphendule ngokuvumayo. Amaphesenti ayishumi agcwele abantu base-US ngokuvamile ayecabange ukuzibulala ngenyanga kaJuni.
Emphakathini onempilo ekude, lowo ohlinzeka ngezidingo eziyisisekelo zemizwa kubantu bakhona, ukuzibulala kanye nemibono engathi sรญna yokuzibulala kuyizehlakalo ezingavamile. Kuyisinengiso embonweni womuntu oyisisekelo: isifiso sokuphila. Umphakathi lapho inani elikhulu kangaka labantu likubheka njengokubalulekile yilowo ongenampilo, ohluleka ngokusobala ukuhlinzeka izakhamuzi zawo izidingo eziyisisekelo zokuphila okwanelisayo.
Idatha eshaqisayo ye-CDC idlulela ngalรฉ kwezifiso ezimbi zokuzibulala. Iphinde yathola ukuthi "ama-40.9% abaphendulile abike okungenani isimo esisodwa esibi esibi ngokwengqondo noma sokuziphatha, okuhlanganisa nezimpawu zesifo sokukhathazeka noma i-depressive disorder (30.9%), izimpawu ze-trauma- and stressor-related disorder (TSRD) ehlobene nalolu bhubhane. (26.3%), kanye nokuqala noma ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ukuze ubhekane nengcindezi noma imizwelo ehlobene ne-COVID-19 (13.3%).โ Engxenyeni encane yabantu abadala, abaneminyaka engu-18-24, kakhulu ngaphezu kwengxenye (amaphesenti angu-62.9) babike ukuthi bahlushwa ukucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka.
Leyo mpilo yengqondo yayizohlupheka ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo phakathi nobhubhane - oludinga ukuhlukaniswa nomphakathi nomsebenzi, ukuhlukaniswa kwabantu, ukuvalwa kwezomnotho, nokwesaba ukugula nokufa - akumangazi. Ngo-Ephreli, njengoba amaqiniso okuzihlukanisa nokuhlukaniswa kwabantu ayesebonakala ngokwengeziwe e-US, sanikela ngesiqephu se-SYSTEM UPDATE engxoxweni nochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo u-Andrew Solomon no-Johann Hari, bobabili abachaze ukuthi "usizi lwalolu bhubhane - ukwembulwa kwendlela yethu yokuphila isikhathi eside kangakanani, ukubukwa okuyimpoqo kwabo bonke abanye abantu njengezinsongo, futhi ikakhulukazi ukuhlukaniswa okuhlala njalo kanye nokuhlukaniswa nomphakathi" - kuzokwandisa cishe zonke izifo zenhlalo, kuhlanganise nalabo impilo yengqondo.
Kepha okwenza lezi zindlela ziphazamiseke kakhulu ukuthi kudala zandulela ukufika kwenhlekelele ye-coronavirus, ingasho lutho ngenhlekelele yezomnotho esele ngemuva kwayo kanye nezinxushunxushu zomphakathi ezivela embhikishweni walo nyaka. Impela, kusukela okungenani kwaba nenkinga yezezimali yango-2008, lapho kuqala abaphathi bakaBush bese kuba abaphathi baka-Obama benza ukuvikela izintshisekelo zama-tycoon abangela lokho ngenkathi bevumela wonke umuntu ukuthi acwile ezikweletini nasekuvinjweni, inkomba yezempilo yengqondo ehlangene i-US ibilokhu icwayiza ngokubomvu.
Ngo-2018, i-NBC News, isebenzisa izifundo zomshuwalense wezempilo, kubike lokho โUkucindezeleka okukhulu kuyanda phakathi kwabantu baseMelika abavela kuzo zonke ubudala, kodwa kukhula ngokushesha phakathi kwentsha nentsha.โ Ngo-2019, i-American Psychological Association kushicilelwe ucwaningo ebhala ukwanda ngamaphesenti angu-30 โezingani lokuzibulala kwabantu e-United States phakathi kuka-2000 no-2016, lisuka ku-10.4 liya ku-13.5 kubantu abangu-100,000 50โ kanye nokwanda ngamaphesenti angu-2000 โkokuzibulala kwamantombazane nabesifazane phakathi kuka-2016 no-10.โ Yaphawula: โUkuzibulala kwakuyimbangela yeshumi yokufa kwabantu e-United States ngo-2016. Bekuyimbangela yesibili yokufa kwabantu abaneminyaka engu-10 kuya kwengu-34 futhi kuyimbangela yesine kubantu abaneminyaka engu-35 kuya kwengu-54.โ
NgoMashi 2020, i-Atul Gawande yaseNew Yorker ishicilele inhlolovo yedatha ezivela kosomnotho ababili basePrinceton, u-Anne Case no-Angus Deaton, ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi: โOkwenza Abantu BaseMelika Befa Ngokuphelelwa Ithemba: ukungabi nabulungisa komnotho wethu, osomnotho ababili bayaphikisana, kungalinganiswa ngamadola kuphela kodwa nangokufa.โ Ukuntengantenga kwezomnotho kwabantu baseMelika emashumini eminyaka, ukuhlehla kwephupho laseMelika, kanye nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwabantu abaningi okulethwe yilo bhubhane kuyizizathu ezibalulekile zokuthi kungani lezi zifo ziba zimbi ngokushesha manje.
Ukubuka le mikhuba kuyadingeka kodwa akwanele ukuqonda ububanzi bawo nomthelela wawo. Kungani cishe zonke izifo zengqondo nezingokomoya - ukuzibulala, ukucindezeleka, ukuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka, ukulutheka, nokudakwa - kukhula kakhulu, ngokushesha, ezweni elicebe kakhulu emhlabeni, eligcwele ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe futhi okungenani ukuzenzisa intando yeningi yenkululeko?
Enye impendulo yanikezwa uDkt. Laurel Williams, umphathi wezifo zengqondo eTexas Children's Hospital, ku-NBC lapho exoxa ngokunyuka kokucindezeleka: โKunokuntuleka komphakathi. Kukhona isikhathi esisichitha phambi kwezikrini hhayi phambi kwabanye abantu. Uma ungenawo umphakathi ongafinyelela kuwo, kusho ukuthi ukuphelelwa ithemba kwakho akusenayo indawo ongaya kuyo.โ
Leyo mpendulo iyafana naleyo enikezwa abantu abahlakaniphile incwadi yokucindezeleka kanye nemiphakathi yesimanje yasentshonalanga nguJohann Hari, โLost Connections,โ kanye neyakhe Viral TED Talk esihlokweni esifanayo: okungukuthi, yizimfanelo ngqo ezichaza imiphakathi yanamuhla yaseNtshonalanga eklanywe kahle ukuze iphuce abantu izidingo zabo ezicindezela kakhulu ezingokomzwelo (incwadi ka-Hari ekhuluma ngokulutheka, โChasing the Scream,โ kanye I-TED Talk eyingozi kakhulu ngakho, kuzwakala ingqikithi efanayo yokuthi kungani abantu baseMelika bephendukela ngamanani amakhulu ngendlela esabekayo ezinkingeni ezinkulu zokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa).
Kugxilwe kakhulu ekukhaleni ngobuthi bezinkulumo zethu, ukuhlukana kwezepolitiki okuqhutshwa inzondo, kanye nokuhlukana kwesiko lethu. Kodwa kunzima ukucabanga noma yimuphi omunye umphumela emphakathini ozala izifo eziningi ezingokwengqondo nezingokomzwelo ngokuphika amalungu awo izinto azidinga kakhulu ukuze aphile ukuphila okwanelisayo.
I-SYSTEM UPDATE yanamuhla esiteshini se-YouTube se-The Intercept izinikele ekuhloleni lokhu kucambulwa kwenkundla yezenhlalo: hhayi nje imininingwane ekhombisa ukuthi kuyenzeka, kodwa nokuthi ziyini izimbangela, nokuthi imiphi imiphumela engaba khona kwezepolitiki yethu, amasiko ethu, nomphakathi wethu ngokujwayelekile. Futhi izimpendulo zombuzo ogqugquzelwa yikho konke lokhu - iphi indlela yokuphuma ukuze uvimbele lezi zimo ukuthi zingabi zimbi nakakhulu? โ azinangqondo njengoba zibalulekile.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela