Ukuvakasha kukaMashi kukaNdunankulu wakwa-Israel eWashington sekuvuse ukuphikiswa kwabalandeli bakwa-Israel kuCongress kanye nezishoshovu zeDemocratic Party. Okubalulekile yindaba yephrothokholi kanye nesimiso. Kodwa kukhona okunye okwenzekayo, okuwukuthi, ukuqaphela ukuthi isenzo sikaNetanyahu sibeka engcupheni yokuhlukanisa isisekelo sezombusazwe esilokhu singabaza izimangalo zakwa-Israel, kuhlanganise nalezo ezimayelana nezikhali zenuzi zase-Iran. Lezi zivezwa njengezingamanga yinhlangano yezobuNhloli yakwa-Israel uqobo. Kwabe sekuba nokuhlangana kukaNdunankulu ngalesi sikhathi sobuholi bakhe bakwa-Israel noDavid Ben-Gurion ngo-1948. Ubuwula bokudweba noma yikuphi ukufana okunjalo kwaphawulwa ngokushesha ngabagxeki bakwa-Israel. Kodwa-ke, ekugcineni kwale mpikiswano yakamuva kukhona usongo lokuvula inkulumo esobala mayelana nobudlelwano beWashington ne-Israel mayelana nengxabano ye-Israel-Palestine.
Ukuphawula kukaNdunankulu ngoBen-Gurion akushiyi mkhuba ukusho esinye sezici ezingalawuleki ebudlelwaneni bakhe neWashington ngo-1948: Ukubhekana ngeziqu zamehlo kwezikhulu zaseMelika noBen-Gurion ngenxa yemiphumela yomzabalazo wePalestine. Kusukela kuMongameli kuya ezikhulwini ezisezingeni eliphansi zoMnyango Wezwe, i-United States yacindezela u-Ben-Gurion ukuthi akwamukele ukubuyiselwa kwababaleki base-Palestine, ayeke ukunwetshwa ngokungemthetho kwezindawo ezingaphezu kwemingcele ye-UNGA Partition Resolution 181 (Nov 29, 1947), kanye nokuthi yemukela ukwenziwa kweJerusalema emazweni ngamazwe, njengoba kunconywe yi-UNGA Resolution 194 of Dec. 11, 1948. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha kamuva, lezi ziseyizici ezibalulekile kunoma yisiphi isixazululo sengxabano. Inkulumo yango-1948 yayingaphathelene nosongo lwase-Irani. Kwakumayelana nokungenela kweSoviet eMpumalanga Ephakathi lapho abathile eMnyangweni Wezwe ababekholelwa ukuthi kwakuseduze. Umphumela waba ukuthethelelwa kwepolitiki yokungenelela kwe-US ngaphesheya kwe-Near and Middle Eastโkusuka eGreece kuya ePalestine kuya e-Iran.
Ngo-May 1945, uMnyango Wezwe wachaza inkinga yasePalestine ngokuthi โcishe ibaluleke kakhulu futhi iphuthuma kakhulu,โ ikakhulukazi njengoba yayisesifundeni esinothe ngowoyela eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Leyo ndawo, ngaphansi kokulawulwa yizinkampani zikawoyela zase-US, ngaphezu kokuba ibalulekile ngokwesu, yaqashelwa njengehlanganisa imiklomelo yezinto ezibonakalayo ezinkulu kakhulu emlandweni. UWashington wesaba ukuthi ukusekelwa kwezinhloso zamaZiyoni ePalestine kuzobeka lo mklomelo engcupheni. Babenephutha. Amafutha aqhubeka nokugeleza. Kodwa phakathi naleso sikhathi inkinga ePalestine yaqhubeka iba yimbi kakhulu.
Ngo-1945 uTruman wagunyaza umbiko weHarrison mayelana nesimo sababaleki baseYurophu. Isimo sabo esibi samenza wacindezela iBrithani ukuthi ivumele ukungena kwamaJuda ayi-100,000 ePalestine. Ngemuva kwempendulo kaTruman kwaba ingxabano yasekhaya yase-US mayelana nokufika kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe kanye nokuqubuka kobandlululo lwama-nativist olwaphoqa ukuthi amaJuda aye ePalestine ngenxa yokuwavumela ukungena e-USA.
Ngo-1946, uGordon Merriam, iNhloko yoPhiko Lwezindaba Eziseduze NeMpumalanga Yomnyango Wezwe, wacela impendulo yamazwe ngamazwe enkingeni yababaleki baseYurophu namaJuda. Ugcizelele ukuthi iPalestine inikezwe inkululeko njengegunya le-Class A, ngaleso sikhathi elalilawulwa yiBrithani. UMerriam nezinye izikhulu zoMnyango Wezwe nazo zagcizelela ukuthi kube nokuvumelana kwama-Arab-Jewish njengemfuneko yokuxazulula ukungqubuzana ePalestine. Ukusekelwa kokuvumelana kwakungekusha, kodwa uMerriam kanye noMnyango Wezwe LaseMelika manje sebekunikeze inkulumo eqinile kanye nokweseka ubuzwe obubili. Lesi sikhundla sakamuva asikaze sibe yinqubomgomo esemthethweni.
Ukwehlukaniswa kwePalestine ngoNovemba 1947 kwaqeda yonke inkulumo enjalo eWashington. Ukwehlukaniswa kwabangela ukukhathazeka okujulile ngokuthi ukungenelela kwemibuso emikhulu, kuhlanganise nelase-US kanye ne-USSR, kwakuzodingeka ukuze kusebenze. UWashington wenqabile ukungenelela ngenkathi ebuka imiphumela edabukisayo Yokwahlukanisa ezinyangeni phakathi kokuphasiswa kweSinqumo Se-UN Partition kanye nokumenyezelwa kokuzimela kuka-Israyeli ngo-May 14, 1948. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukungabaza kwanda phakathi kwezikhulu zase-US mayelana nemigomo yesikhathi eside yamaZiyoni. Ngomhla zingama-28 kuNhlolanja 1947, i-CIA yakhipha isixwayiso sokuthi โekuhambeni kwesikhathi awekho amaZionist ePalestine azokwaneliswa ngamalungiselelo ezindawo zokuhlukaniswa kwezindlu. Ngisho namaSiyoni abambelele kakhudlwana ayoba nethemba lokuthola yonke iNegev, iGalile esentshonalanga, idolobha laseJerusalema, futhi ekugcineni nalo lonke elasePalestina.โ
Ngo-April 9, 1948, uThomas Wasson, inxusa laseMelika eJerusalema, wathumela umbiko ngesibhicongo esenziwa amabutho amaJuda edolobhaneni lasePalestine iDeir Yassin. U-Wasson wabulawa Kwangathi 23. Ngaphambi kwalowo mcimbi umuzwa omkhulu phakathi kwezikhulu zaseMelika eWashington kwakuwukuvuma ukwehluleka ukwehlukana nokucabanga ukubiza uhlelo lwesikhashana lokuphatha ngaphansi kwe-UN. Isimemezelo sika-Israyeli sokuzibusa saziqeda zonke lezi zinketho. Kuphinde kwashintsha umbono weWashington ngezwe elisha namandla alo ezempi. Ukuguquka okungazelelwe kwesikhundla saseMelika - okukholakala ukuthi abanye sekunesikhathi eside kwenzeka - kugqugquzelwe ukuqaphela kwamasosha ase-US ukuthi i-Israel manje isiyibutho lezempi lesibili elinamandla eMpumalanga Ephakathi ngemuva kweTurkey. Lesi simo sashintsha ibhalansi yesifunda yamandla futhi, ngakho, inqubomgomo yase-US.
Umgomo owodwa wase-US owasala umile, kwakuwukugcizelela ukuthi i-Israel yamukele ukubuyiswa kwababaleki basePalestine. Kungakapheli nenyanga i-Israel ithole inkululeko, uNobhala Wezwe uMarshall waxwayisa ngocingo, "Sibheka isisombululo esiphelele senkinga yababaleki base-Arab engaphakathi kwenkinga yokugcina yasePalestine, kodwa sikholelwa ukuthi inkinga yababaleki eyandayo ikwenza kube semqoka ukuthi okungenani ingxenye yababaleki ibuyelwe. kuvunyelwe kulabo abafisa kanjalo ngaphambi kokuthola isixazululo sokugcina.โ Ngo-Agasti 31, 1948, i-CIA yachaza isimo sababaleki ngokuthi, "isiyaluyalu esibi kakhulu sabantu selokhu kwaqedwa iMpi Yezwe II." Ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva iNxusa laseMelika e-UK lathi "isimo sasePalestine cishe siyingozi ezithakazelweni zethu zezwe njengeBerlin."
Izikhulu zakwa-Israel zisichithile isikhundla saseMelika kanye nazo zonke izimangalo zokuxoshwa kwababaleki basePalestine. UMengameli kanye nezikhulu zoMnyango Wezwe eziphathelene nePalestine baqhubekile nokugxeka i-Israel kodwa akukho sinyathelo esalandelwa. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa bathutha ukuze bamukele izinqubomgomo zakwa-Israel kanye nokwenza kube semthethweni ukwephulwa kwe-Israel komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Umbuzo wasePalestine wehliselwe ku-back burner. Isizathu sasicacile: Impumelelo yezempi yakwa-Israyeli yaqinisekisa izikhulu zoMnyango Wezwe Nezokuvikela ukuthi inhlanganisela yendawo yayo namandla ezempi kungaba usizo esu lase-US, okuhlanganisa nokuvikela izithakazelo zikawoyela eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Izikhulu zase-US zazazi kahle ukuthi i-Israel yayiyizwe elinamandla esifundeni phakathi kwawo wonke amazwe ase-Arab angomakhelwane. Kwakungekho mfanekiso kaDavide ebhekene noGoliyathi ezingqondweni zabo. Ngokuqondene neWashington, uDavid wayenguGoliyathi.
Eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha kamuva, ngo-2014, iPentagon yasekela ukuhlasela kuka-Israyeli eGaza. Phakathi kwengxabano mayelana nokuhambela kukaNdunankulu eCongress ngo-2015, I-New York Times ibike isiphakamiso sebhajethi okuhlanganisa no-$3.1 billion wokusiza u-Israyeli. Akuzange kuphakamise umbuzo wokusekelwa kwe-US kumlingani ophethe izikhali zenuzi kwakuyimfihlo evulekile futhi ukwehluleka kwakhe ukusayina iSivumelwano Sokungabhebhetheki KweNuclear kwakurekhodiwe. Futhi ayizange ichaze ukuthi kungani iWashington ingazange isebenze lapho uNdunankulu eqhubeka nokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuhlala e-Occupied Territory, ukwephulwa komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kanye nenqubomgomo yase-US.
I-US inobudlelwano obude ne-Israel njengozakwabo okhethekile. Phakathi kwalokho okubonakala kuyisibonelo sakamuva nje sokungakwazi okungapheli ukudala uhlaka lwesixazululo esinobulungiswa, esinokuthula, noma esihambisana ngokomthetho senkinga yasePalestine, kungase kube yisikhathi sokuphenya umsuka walolo mbimbi. Uma ukuvakasha kukaNdunankulu kuvela ukuthi yikho okudale ukuthi kuqale ukubhekisiswa okubucayi kangaka, kumele abongwe.
U-Irene Gendzier ungumbhali wencwadi ezayo, Ukufa Ukuze Ukhohlwe: Amafutha, Amandla, iPalestine, kanye Nemisuka Yenqubomgomo Yangaphandle Yase-United States eMpumalanga Ephakathi (Columbia University Press, 2015).
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Nikela