30 October 2010
Mongameli Calderón othandekayo,
NgoDisemba odlule, iNkantolo Yamalungelo Abantu YaseMelika (IACHR) yayala uhulumeni waseMexico ukuthi enze uphenyo olugcwele ngokunyamalala kuka-Rosendo Radilla Pacheco e-Atoyac de Álvarez ngo-August 26, 1974.
Emkhankasweni weqiniso nobulungiswa, oholwa yindodakazi kaMnu Radilla, u-Tita (umvikeli wamalungelo abantu kanye nephini likamongameli we-Mexican Association of Relatives of the Detained, Disappearing and Victims of Human Rights Violtions (AFADEM)), isinqumo seNkantolo sokubamba. umbuso waseMexico owawunesibopho sobugebengu obudlule wawuyintuthuko enhle kakhulu, nakuba idlulelwe yisikhathi. Ngempela, kulabo abathintekayo ngesimo samalungelo abantu eMexico nasemhlabeni wonke, isinqumo seNkantolo saba impumelelo engokomfanekiso nebonakalayo emzabalazweni wokulwa nokungajeziswa kwezempi nosopolitiki.
Uma sibheka emuva, kubonakala sengathi ithemba elinjalo lalingafaneleki. INkantolo iyalele uhulumeni waseMexico ukuthi enze uphenyo oluphelele nolubanzi mayelana nokunyamalala kukaMnuz Radilla ngaphansi kwenkantolo yomphakathi. Kuze kube manje, uhulumeni wamanje akakakwenzi lokho. Iphinde yayala amasosha ukuthi aguqule Ikhodi yawo Yezobulungiswa Bezempi, ikakhulukazi i-athikili 57, eqinisekisa ngokungajeziswa kwamasosha abhekene nokwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu. Lokhu kuzoletha uhlelo lwezobulungiswa bezempi yaseMexico luhambisane nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokufanayo, yakhipha umyalo wokuba kuqedwe izinkantolo zamasosha emacaleni okuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu nokuthi iMexico ithobele i-Inter-American Convention on Forced Disappearance of Persons. INkantolo iyalele ukuthi umbuso wakhe isikhumbuzo esisemthethweni sika-Rosendo Radilla maphakathi ne-Atoyac de Álvarez. Yayalela ukuba kukhokhelwe isinxephezelo emndenini kaMnu Radilla nasezinhlanganweni zomphakathi ezithole izindleko zokuletha icala eNkantolo.
Kafushane, leli bekuyithuba lokuthi uhulumeni wakho azame inqubo yokubuyisana ngamacala abanduleli bawo futhi aqale isimo sokuvuleleka nokwethembeka. Kukho konke, nokho, uhulumeni waseMexico akathobelanga.
INkantolo yagcizelela ukuthi ukunyamalala kuka-Rosendo Radilla kwakungesona isigameko esivamile noma iphutha noma iphutha ohlangothini lwebutho lezempi elalimvalela ngo-1974. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukunyamalala kukaMnu. ukuqeda ukunyakaza kwabalimi kanye nezinhlangano zabashokobezi ezifuna ukuthuthukiswa kwezimo zokuphila nokubamba iqhaza okukhulu kwentando yeningi kwezombusazwe. Esifundeni saseGuerrero kuphela, iziphathimandla zanyamalala cishe abantu abangama-1960, kanti kuzwelonke abantu abangaba ngu-1970 abakaphinde bavele. Emashumini eminyaka kamuva, umbuzo othi, ‘Baphi?’, ngeke unyamalale. Njengoba kufanele wazi, nanjengoba iNkantolo yaphawula kahle, ukuphenya ngokucophelela ngokunyamalala komuntu oyedwa kusho ukuhlola umongo lapho lezo zenzakalo zenzeka khona. Ukwehluleka ukwenza lokho kuwukuqhubeka nokuthuka nokwehlisa isithunzi salabo abahlukunyezwayo, ababulawa noma abanyamalala phakathi nempi engcolile.
U-Tita Radilla wavakashela e-United Kingdom ngonyaka odlule ukuze aqwashise ngosizi lwabavikeli bamalungelo abantu kanye nezishoshovu zezenhlalo nezombusazwe - esikhathini esidlule nesamanje - eMexico. Kuze kube manje uhambo lwakhe lwaba yimpumelelo enkulu. Uvakashele izinhlangano ezilwela amalungelo abantu ezisezingeni lomhlaba, njengePeace Brigades International kanye ne-Amnesty International, wethula izinkulumo emakhempasini amanyuvesi, wahlangana namaLungu ePhalamende aseBrithani, iLaw Lords, ungqongqoshe waseLatin America, abameli, amajaji nezintatheli. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, inkulumo ngayinye yayihanjelwa amalungu omphakathi anesithakazelo eMexico namalungelo abantu ngokuvamile.
Phakathi nokuvakasha kwakhe, abaningi bethu bazama ukucabanga ngobuhlungu obungabekezeleleki kanye nosizi okuthi ukuba nelungu lomndeni elanyamalala ngenkani - ngaphandle kwencazelo, uphenyo noma ukuziphendulela okusemthethweni - okumele kumelele. Ngokuba ubuhlungu obuzwiwa izihlobo zabanyamalala, okuphawulwe nangumbiko weNkantolo, buyicala eliqhubekayo, nokho abaphathi bamanje behlulekile ukulisukumela. Ngokwalokhu okungenhla, ngokwezintshisakalo zeqiniso nobulungiswa kanye nalezo zikahulumeni wenu siqu, ngiyaninxusa ukuba nithobele izinqumo ezenziwe yi-IACHR futhi nithobele i-athikili 13 yoMthethosisekelo waseMexico.
Izindaba zakamuva zokuthi uhulumeni uhlongoza izinguquko embuthweni wezempi zingamukeleka ukuba zingashintsha kakhulu isimo esikhona manje sokungajeziswa nokungabi nabulungisa. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinyathelo ezihlongozwayo azenzi lutho ukuhlakaza izakhiwo eziqinisekisa ukungajezisi ukuhlukunyezwa kwabantu okwenziwa amasosha. Iziphakamiso mancane amathuba okuthi ziyeke ukusetshenziswa kwe-athikili 57 yeKhodi Yezobulungiswa Bezempi, eqinisekise ukuvikeleka ekushushiseni abephula amalungelo abantu kwezempi.
Iziphakamiso zivumela ukuthi amacala okunyamalala ngenkani, ukuhlukunyezwa kanye nokudlwengula enziwe amasosha adluliselwe enkantolo yombango. Konke okunye ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu, ngokweziqondiso ezihlongozwayo, kuzoqhubeka nokuphenywa yizinkantolo zamasosha. Ukubulawa ngaphandle kwenkantolo, ukuboshwa okungenasizathu, ukuphathwa kabi kweziboshwa, ukubulawa kohlanga, ubugebengu obubhekiswe esintwini, ukuphazamisa ubufakazi kanye nokuvimbela uphenyo kuzophenywa futhi kwahlulelwe yisona kanye leso sikhungo esenze izinsolo zokwephula.
Nakuba lo mthetho ohlongozwayo ubonakala ubonisa intuthuko eqhubekayo yamacala okunyamalala ngenkani, ukuhlukunyezwa nokudlwengulwa, empeleni asikho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuzoshintsha isimo samanje. Ngokuphambene, umshushisi wezempi uzonquma umphumela wokuthi uhlobo lwezinsolo zobugebengu lugunyaza ukuthi lidluliselwe ohlelweni lwezobulungiswa bomphakathi. Njengoba i-Amnesty International iphawulile, emacaleni amathathu lapho i-IACHR igwebe khona iMexico, lawo kaRosendo Radilla Pacheco, Fernández Ortega kanye noRosendo Cantú, 'umshushisi wezempi wehlulekile ukuthola ubufakazi angaqhubeka ngabo nalabo abathintekayo emacaleni athinta ukunyamalala okuphoqiwe. , ukuhlukunyezwa nokudlwengulwa'. Ngokufanayo, 'kwamanye amacala abhalwe yi-Amnesty International ahilela amalungu ebutho ahlomile athinteka emacaleni anjengokubulala ngaphandle kwenkantolo, ukuhlukunyezwa kanye nokunyamalala okuphoqelelwe, umshushisi wezempi wenqabile ukububona ubufakazi balobo bugebengu.'[1]
ESigeleni, wethule iziphakamiso njengobufakazi bokuzinikela kukahulumeni wakho ekutholeni amalungelo abantu, kodwa lo mthetho uzogcina ngokusobala isimo esidabukisayo esikhona. Kungani uvumela ubugebengu bokunyamalala ngenkani, ukudlwengulwa kanye nokuhlukunyezwa, obekukhombisa inkathi yengcindezelo enyantisayo yezombangazwe manje eyaziwa ngokuthi impi engcolile, ukuba aphenywe umshushisi wezempi? Ngabe kufanele sikholelwe ukuthi inhlangano yezempi ekwazi ukwenza ubugebengu obunjalo kufanele ibe nesibopho sokuphenya ngalokho? Kwakungeyona imodeli efanelekile esikhathini esidlule, futhi, uma sikholelwa imibiko yezinhlangano ezivamile zamalungelo abantu, ngokuqinisekile ayifaneleki okwamanje.
Uma ukuhlonipha umthetho kuwuphawu lwabaphathi bamanje, ingabe ukwehluleka ukulalela isinqumo se-IACHR akubukeli phansi imigomo kahulumeni emenyezelwe? Ingabe akuvezi ukuthi, eminyakeni engama-36 ngemva kokunyamalala kukaRosendo Radilla, indodakazi yakhe kufanele ihambisane nabavikeli bamalungelo abantu bamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwayo siqu? Njengoba uNkz Radilla engitshele ngesimo samanje - lapho izinhlangano zamalungelo abantu zibika ukwanda okukhulu kokwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu ezakhamuzini zaseMexico kusukela wathatha izintambo ngo-2006 - ukuhlonipha amalungelo abantu namuhla kubi kakhulu, uma kungekubi kakhulu, kunangesikhathi impi engcolile. Kungase kubonakale kunesizathu esikhulu nakakhulu sokuhlola ubugebengu besikhathi esidlule ukuze kuncishiswe labo bamanje futhi kugwenywe labo besikhathi esizayo.
Ozithobayo,
UDkt Peter Watt
UPeter Watt ufundisa futhi acwaninge Izifundo ZaseLatin America eNyuvesi yaseSheffield.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela