I-Peabody Energy, inkampani enkulu yokumba amalahle yaseMelika, ixhase ngemali okungenani amaqembu ayishumi nambili afaka ukungabaza ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okwenziwe umuntu futhi aphikisana nemithetho yemvelo, ukuhlaziya okwenziwa yi-Guardian kwembula.
Lolu xhaso lwaluhlanganisa izinhlangano zezohwebo, izinhlangano ezibambe iqhaza ezinkampanini, kanye namaqembu aphambili embonini kanye nabacabangi abagcinayo futhi lwavezwa emafayilini asenkantolo ngenyanga edlule.
Inkampani yamalahle iphinde yanikeza izinhlangano zezepolitiki, ixhasa amaqembu amaRepublican ngokuphindwe kabili kunaweDemocratic Alliance.
I-Peabody, okuyinkampani ezimele enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ehweba esidlangalaleni ngamalahle, yayaziwa kudala njengenkampani ekhiqiza uphethiloli ngisho naphakathi kwezinkampani zamafutha ezinsalela ngenxa yokwenqaba kwayo umphakathi isayensi yesimo sezulu kanye nokwenza. Kepha uxhaso lwayo lwamaqembu aphika isimo sezulu lwavezwa kuphela ekudalulweni kwe-titan yamalahle waphoqeleka ukuthi afune ukuvikelwa kokuqothuka ngo-Ephreli, ngaphansi kokuncintisana kwegesi yemvelo eshibhile.
Abakhankasela bezemvelo bathi bebengazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi inkampani ixhasa ngezimali inqwaba yamaqembu aphikisana nesimo sezulu - nokuthi ububanzi balolo xhaso lwabamangaza.
Imibhalo yenkampani iveza uxhaso lwezinhlangano eziningi ezike zalwa Izinhlelo zikaBarack Obama zokunqamula ukukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya, futhi waphika ubukhona bokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
"La maqembu ehlangene ayinhliziyo nomoya wokuphika isimo sezulu," kusho uKert Davies, umsunguli weClimate Investigation Center, osechithe iminyaka engama-20 ethungatha uxhaso lokwenqaba isimo sezulu. โUhlu olubanzi engilubonile lwenkampani eyodwa ixhasa ngezimali izindawo eziningi emshinini wokuphika.โ
Phakathi kwabahlomuli bePeabody, iCentre for the Study of Carbon Dioxide kanye neGlobal Change igcizelele - ngokungeyikho - ukuthi ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni akulona usongo kodwa "kuyi-elixir yokuphila" ngenkathi i-American Legislative Exchange Council izama ukuketula imithetho ye-Environmental Protection Agency. kusuka ezitshalweni zamandla. Ngaleso sikhathi, imikhankaso ye-Americans for Prosperity ngokumelene nentengo ye-carbon. Isahluko sase-Oklahoma sasisohlwini.
Ososayensi abaphikisana nabanjengoRichard Lindzen noWillie Maduze nabo babonakala ohlwini lokuqothuka.
Kanjalo ne-lobbyist yaseWashington kanye nosomaqhinga embonini u-Richard Berman, inkampani yakhe eyethule i- amaqembu angaphambili ahlasela imithetho ye-EPA.
Ukugcwalisa awafaki amanani noma amadethi. Kepha imibhalo iphakamisa ukuthi uPeabody usekele inqwaba yamaqembu abambe iqhaza ekuvimbeni imithetho yezemvelo ngaphezu kwenani lososayensi abaphikisana nabathe ngokuhlanganyela bavimbe i-US kanye nesenzo somhlaba wonke mayelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ukwesekwa kuhambisana nesimo sikaPeabody esidlangalaleni mayelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Le nkampani yahamba phambili kunezinkampani zikaphethiloli wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi kanye namaqembu alondolozayo ayemane akhuthaza ukungabaza ngezingozi zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukugomela ukuthi ukukhuphuka kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni kunenzuzo.
Ngonyaka odlule nje, uPeabody wabhalela i-White House Council on Environmental Quality echaza i-carbon dioxide โnjengegesi eyingozi ebaluleke kakhulu kukho konke ukuphilaโ futhi ephika izingozi zokufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
"Nakuba izinzuzo ze-carbon dioxide zifakazelwa, izingozi ezisolwayo zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ziphikisana nedatha ebhekiwe, zisekelwe ekuqageleni okuvunyiwe, futhi azikho isisekelo esanele sesayensi," inkampani ibhale encwadini yangomhla zingama-24 kuNdasa wezi-2015.
Inkampani yavuma ngoNovemba ukuthi izodalula ngokugcwele mayelana nezingozi zokufudumala kwembulunga yonke ngaphansi kwe-a isivumelwano esifinyelelwe nommeli-jikelele waseNew York. UPeabody ubephenywa ngabatshalizimali abadukisayo kanye nomphakathi ngomthelela ongaba khona wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ebhizinisini lakhe.
Noma kunjalo, izinga eligcwele lokwesekwa kwezimali kukaPeabody ekwenqabeni kwesimo sezulu mancane amathuba okuthi kudalulwe kuze kuphothulwe ukuqulwa kwecala lokuqothuka.
โUbubanzi bamaqembu anobudlelwano bezezimali nePeabody buyamangalisa. Ama-Thinktank, amaqembu aphikisana namacala, ososayensi besimo sezulu, izinhlangano zezepolitiki, inqwaba yezinhlangano ezivimba isenzo ngesimo sezulu zonke ezithola uxhaso embonini yamalahle, "kusho u-Nick Surgey, umqondisi wocwaningo lweCentre for Media and Democracy.
"Besilindele ukubona imali ethile, kodwa kubukeka sengathi uPeabody ungumgcinimafa wengxenye enkulu yenhlangano ephikisana nesimo sezulu."
Ukufakwa kukaPeabody kwembule uxhaso lwezimali ze-American Legislative Exchange Council, iqembu lokwamukela izivakashi eliphikisana nezindinganiso zamandla ahlanzekile futhi lizame beka izinhlawulo zezezimali kubanikazi bezindlu abanama-solar panel, kanye neqoqo lezinkanyezi zokucabanga nezinhlangano.
Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-State Policy Network kanye ne-Franklin Centre for Government and Public Integrity, esebenze ukwehlula izikweletu zesimo sezulu kuKhongolose futhi ifuna ukuguqula imithetho ye-Environmental Protection Agency ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcoliswa komoya okuvela ezitshalweni zikagesi, kanye neCongress for Racial Equality, okwakuyinhlangano enkulu yamalungelo abantu ngeminyaka yawo-1960.
Ukufakwa kwamaphepha kuphinde kwaveza uxhaso lwezimali zeGeorge C Marshall Institute, i-Institute for Energy Research, kanye neCentre for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, ezibonwa njengamaqembu aphambili embonini.
Amagama enqwaba yezifundiswa ezaziwayo eziphikisanayo aphinde abonakale ekufakweni kwe-Peabody, okuhlanganisa no-Willie Soon, umcwaningi e-Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. Ngokushesha isixhaswe cishe yonke imboni kaphethiloli, ukuthola imali engaphezu kuka-$1.2m ezinkampanini zikawoyela kanye nezinsiza, kodwa lokhu kwakuyinkomba yokuqala yokuxhaswa kwePeabody.
Ngokushesha kanye nabakwaSmithsonian abazange baphendule izicelo zokuphawula.
URichard Lindzen noRoy Spencer, ososayensi ababili abaphikisana nabavela kuPeabody ku ukulalelwa kwecala e-Minnesota ngenyanga edlule mayelana nezindleko zenhlalo ye-carbon, zafakwa nasezincwadini zokuqothuka.
UPeabody wenqabile ukuphawula ngoxhaso lwakhe lwamaqembu aphikisa isimo sezulu, njengoba kuvezwe yimibhalo yokuqothuka.
โNakuba singeke siphawule ngamadlelandawonye nezinhlangano ezithile, iPeabody inomlando wokuqhubekisela phambili imigomo efanele yezamandla nemvelo, futhi sisekela izinhlangano ezimele izimayini ezisimeme, ukutholakala kwamandla kanye nezixazululo zamalahle ahlanzekile, ngokuhambisana nobuholi benkampani yethu kulokhu. izindawo,โ u-Vic Svec, iphini likamongameli omkhulu we-Peabody kubatshalizimali bomhlaba wonke kanye nobudlelwano bezinkampani, wabhala nge-imeyili.
Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, izinkampani zikaphethiloli wezinsalela zaziqhelelanisa nokuphika isimo sezulu esivulekile. Uxhaso oluningi lokwenqaba isimo sezulu lwahamba ngomshoshaphansi, nezinkampani kanye nosozigidigidi abagcina imali behambisa izimali ngokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi ayimfihlo njenge-Donors' Trust.
Kodwa ukwehla okukhulu kwamanani amalahle, ngaphansi kokuncintisana kwegesi yemvelo eshibhile, kanye nokushoda kwezinkampani ezihola phambili zase-US kuveze ngokungaqondile ukuqhubeka kwemboni yamalahle ukweseka ukuphika kwesimo sezulu - njengoba izinkampani zikawoyela zisuka ekwenqabeni obala kwesayensi.
Ngasekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, amafomu okuqokwa kwemali evela enkampanini yamalahle yesibili ngobukhulu ezweni, i-Arch Coal Inc. uxhaso oluveziwe eqenjini elaziwa kakhulu ngokungaphumelelanga kwecala elibhekene nososayensi wesimo sezulu uMichael Mann.
Umnikelo ka-$10,000 ku-Energy and Environment Legal Institute (E&E) wenziwe ngo-2014, ngokwamaphepha asenkantolo afakwe ecaleni lika-Arch esahlukweni 11 sokuvikela ukuqothuka.
Ngo-Okthoba odlule, izicelo ezifakwe enkantolo ezivela kwenye inkampani yamalahle ifuna ukuvikelwa ekuqoqweni kwemali, i-Alpha Natural Resources, uveze inkokhelo engu-$18,600 kuChris Horner, uzakwabo kwa-E&E.
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