21st I-Century Revolution: ngothando oluphakeme, ubulungiswa bobuhlanga kanye nokubambisana kwentando yeningi, Ted Glick, Bloomfield, NJ: Future Hope Publications, 2021, 114 pp. $10, https://tedglick.com/2021/09/12/21st-century-revolution/.
UTed Glick ube ngumpetha woshintsho olukhulu emphakathini iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu, esebenzela ukuthula, ubulungisa, ipolitiki ezimele, nokusinda kwesimo sezulu ngokungakhathali. Kule ncwadi emfushane, wabelana ngezinye zeziphetho azenzile kulokhu kuphila kwesishoshovu.
Izahluko ezimbili kwezinhlanu zalencwadi zikhuluma ngezindaba ezingokomoya, ezingase zibathene amandla abafundi abaningi, kodwa ubeka ubufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda bokuthi lokhu kuwukukhathazeka abakwesokunxele abangakunaki lapho esengozini. Uyazi kahle indima efihlwe yinkolo ehleliwe evame ukuyifeza ezindabeni zabantu, kodwa uphikisa ngokuthi lokhu akuyona indaba egcwele. Nakuba ngokuvamile inkolo iye yaphambukisa abantu esidingweni sokulwa nokungabi nabulungisa, ngezinye izikhathi iye yasiza ekuqhubekiseleni phambili imizabalazo yenkululeko. Ucaphuna isazi semfundiso yenkolo esingumProthestani uDietrich Bonhoeffer, owabulawa ekamu lokuhlushwa lamaNazi ngemva kokujoyina impi emelene noHitler: “Akukhona okungaphezu kwalokho esikukhathazayo, kodwa ngalelizwe.” Futhi “Akumele sivele sibophe amanxeba ezisulu ngaphansi kwamasondo okungabi nabulungisa, kufanele sishayele isipikha esondweni ngokwalo.”
U-Glick usikhumbuza ukuthi uFrederick Engels othanda izinto ezibonakalayo onekhanda eliqinile ucabange ukuthi uThomas Munzer, umholi we-16.th Izimpi zabalimi baseJalimane ekhulwini leminyaka, zaziwumguquli wenkolo nezombusazwe. Umbuso kaNkulunkulu u-Munzer ayefuna ukuba umiswe ngokushesha eMhlabeni kwakungafanele ube nokuhlukana kwezigaba, kuhlanganyele wonke umsebenzi nempahla ngokufana. Ngokufanayo uKarl Kautsky, isazi semfundiso yenkolo esiphambili sentando yeningi yezenhlalo, wabhala “ngobuntu obungagunci” bobuKristu bakuqala, obuhloselwe “inhlangano yamakhomanisi.” U-Kautsky, nokho, ukugxekile ukwesekwa kwamaKristu okuqala ngokusatshalaliswa kwengcebo ngokulinganayo, ethi amasocialists kwakufanele aphushele ukuqoqwa kwengcebo eqophelweni eliphezulu bese beyiguqula ibe umbuso ozimele - hhayi umbono okhuthazayo, kusho uGlick, noma owodwa. okungenzeka kuholele emiphakathini engenamakilasi neyentando yeningi etholakala phakathi kwemiphakathi yamaKristu okuqala.
Isikhundla esingokomthetho samaBolshevik sasikwenqabela ukucwaswa kwanoma ubani ngenxa yezinkolelo ezingokwenkolo futhi sasingafuni amalungu eqembu ukuba angakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Kodwa ukugxeka kukaLenin inkolo kwadlulela ngalé kokugxeka indima yokusabela eyafezwa abefundisi beSonto Lobu-Orthodox. “Ukuziphatha kwethu,” esho, “kungaphansi ngokuphelele ezithakazelweni zomzabalazo wesigaba sabasebenzi.” Ukuxoshwa kukaLenin kwenkolo kwaze kwadlulela nasenkolelweni yobuntu engakholelwa kuNkulunkulu eyakhuthazwa umsekeli woguquko uMaxim Gorky. Ngaphansi kukaStalin nangaphansi kukaMao eChina amaqembu abusayo ayengakholelwa kuNkulunkulu.
Futhi, u-Glick akayithathi kancane indlela inkolo ehleliwe eye yasekela ngayo isimo esingenabulungisa nesicindezelayo esikhona. Kodwa uchaza ukuthi amaqembu amancane (futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho namakhulu) athole ugqozi oluvela enkolweni ukuze akhulume iqiniso namandla, ngezinye izikhathi enze kanjalo ephendula ukugxeka komphakathi. EBelgium, e-Italy, naseFrance, kwaba nokunyakaza kwezinkulungwane eziningi phakathi kweSonto LamaKatolika kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1920 kuya ko-1950 okwakuhambisana nabantu abacindezelwe ababesebenza. Inguquko yaseCuba, kusho uGlick, yayinombono wokubekezelela inkolo kuneSoviet Union noma iChina, yasiza ekukhuthazeni imfundiso yenkolo yeNkululeko eLatin America nangale kwayo. Nokho, iqiniso lokuthi IQembu LamaKhomanisi laseCuba - okuyilona qembu elisemthethweni kuphela lezwe - alizange livumele amakholwa enkolo ukuthi ajoyine kwaze kwaba u-1991 libonakala liyinkinga kakhulu kunalokho okuvunyelwe ngu-Glick, futhi ukugunyazwa kukahulumeni kuyaphikisana nemibono yethu yentando yeningi.
Eminyakeni engamashumi amane edlule ngahlangana nezindelakazi zasePhilippines ezazisebenza nabampofu basemadolobheni. Lapho ngibabuza mayelana nokuvimbela inzalo, bangitshela ukuthi nakuba uPapa ephika, abazange bavume. Namuhla sinoPapa othonywe imfundiso yenkolo yenkululeko. Noma kunjalo u-Glick uyavuma ukuthi iSonto LamaKatolika liseyisikhungo esigcwele izinzalamizi.
U-Glick uphetha isahluko sakhe sokuqala ephetha ngokuthi indlela eya phambili yalabo abafuna ushintsho kwezenhlalo “kumele ibe banzi ngokwanele ukuvumela abaguquli bezwe nabagxile ezintweni ezingokomoya ukuthi bahambe ndawonye.” Uphawula ukuthi ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe amaqembu amaningi ahlukene ngenxa yokwehluleka ukusungula ukusebenzelana, inhlonipho, nentando yeningi. Lokhu, ngaphezu komugqa olungile, kubalulekile uma amaqembu ezogcina.
Isahluko sesibili sikaGlick sinesihloko esithi “Ingabe UNkulunkulu Ukhona? Ingabe Kunendaba?” Ngifinyelele lesi sahluko ngokukhulu ukungabaza, kodwa, ngokumangalisayo, u-Glick naye uyayingabaza imibono yakhe, njengoba yavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nakuba ngangingathonywanga yizimpikiswano zakhe eziningi phakathi nesahluko, isiphetho sakhe - ecaphuna u-Einstein - siyaphoqa: “Isifiso esihle nomzamo wokumisa izimiso zokuziphatha nokuziphatha kwempilo yethu evamile kubaluleke kakhulu. Lapha ayikho isayensi engasisindisa.”
Isahluko sesithathu sikhuluma ngesiko lobunxiwankulu. UMarx, uGlick uyaphikisana, wayenendawo eyimpumputhe mayelana nokubaluleka koshintsho lomuntu siqu ekushintsheni kwezenhlalo. Sidinga ukubekela inselele isiko lobungxiwankulu ezimpilweni zethu nasezinhlanganweni uma sinethemba lokwakha izinhlangano ezingazuza umhlaba onobulungiswa. U-Glick udingida imiphakathi yabazingeli kanye nokungazuzi lutho njengento okumele ilingiswe, kodwa lokhu kungishaya njengokuthanda kakhulu okwakudala, njengoba u-Glick ngokwakhe evuma kamuva. Kodwa akukho ukuphikisana naye lapho enxusa izinhlangano ezisele ukuba zigcizelele ukuhlukahluka nokubambisana futhi zakhe isiko elikhuthaza izingxoxo eziqotho zokuhlukana kwangempela kwemibono. Ukhuthaza ukufuna ukuvumelana, kodwa ngaphandle kokudinga ukuvumelana ngaso sonke isikhathi, okungabonisa ukungabi nentando yeningi. Enye indlela ayincomayo yokuphromotha ukubamba iqhaza ukusebenzisa amaqembu aphumayo anokubika. Ngicabanga ukuthi mkhulu umsebenzi okufanele wenziwe ekuthuthukiseni lezi zindlela zokubamba iqhaza, ngoba kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami imibiko-emva ayivamisile ukuphumela ezinqumweni ezingenziwa.
Esahlukweni sesine, i-Glick ibheka ukwakheka kwekilasi lase-US nokuthi lokhu kusho ukuthini ekuhleleni kwethu izinguquko zomphakathi. Esikhundleni sombono olula ohlukanisa izwe libe yizigaba ezimbili, ukhomba amaqembu ayisikhombisa ajwayelekile emphakathini wase-US. Ngayinye yalezi ihlangabezana nesimo sokuphila esihlukile futhi inokuthambekela okuhlukile kokusekela ukunyakaza kwesokunxele. Ukuhlupheka kwesigaba sabasebenzi esiphila ngokulambisa kubenza bavuleleke kwesokunxele, futhi akukho okusele okungahluleka ukubhekana nezidingo zabo. Isigaba sabasebenzi abahola kancane ngakolunye uhlangothi siyiqembu eliningi kakhulu futhi ukwesekwa kwabo kubalulekile kunoma yiluphi ushintsho olukhulu oluyimpumelelo. Isigaba sabasebenzi abahola kancane kuya kwabaphakathi ngokuvamile sivamise ukucophelela futhi sizodinga inkhulumomphendvulwano ejulile ngisho nokubhekana ngezindaba zobuhlanga, ubulili, nobulili ngaphambi kokuba bazuze uguquko. Isigaba esiphakathi sochwepheshe kanye nabaphathi sizobandakanya idlanzana elithuthukayo, kodwa kufanele siqaphele ukuthi singavumeli i-elitism yabo ibukele phansi imizamo esele.
Esahlukweni sokugcina, u-Glick ubeka phambili isu le-21st uguquko lwekhulu, isu athi selivele lijabulela ukuvumelana okuningi ngakwesobunxele. Sidinga umfelandawonye odumile, umnyakazo. Le nhlangano idinga ukuzwelana, isebenzise izinkulumo ezihambisanayo, futhi igxile kakhulu ekukhulumeni phakathi kwezinhlangano. Badinga izimpande ezijulile zesigaba sabasebenzi. Ukwabiwa kabusha kanye nesimo sezulu kumele kube yizidingo ezimaphakathi. Ukuhlela kudingeka kube “ingxoxo,” okungukuthi, ukulalela abantu, hhayi nje ukubahola. Ubiza indlela eguquguqukayo nehlakaniphile ebheke emikhankasweni yokhetho, kwesinye isikhathi iqhube imikhankaso ezimele yesokunxele, kwesinye isikhathi isekele amaDemocrat athuthukayo noma abangenele ukhetho oluhlangene. Kubalulekile, uthi, ukuphusha ukuguqulwa kwemithetho yokhetho engenantando yeningi. Futhi ugcizelela indima ebalulekile yesenzo esiqondile.
U-Glick ugomela ngokuthi ukunyakaza kokunyakaza kumele kube okwamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa ingxoxo yakhe lapha imfushane kakhulu. Isho ukuthini i-internationalist? Kwesokunxele okwamanje kuhlukene kakhulu ngokuthi ngabe i-internationalism isho (a) ukuphikisana ne-US imperialism yonke indawo futhi isekela zonke izitha ze-US imperialism, noma (b) eziphikisayo. konke ama-imperialism noma kuphi futhi ezwakalisa ubumbano nabo bonke abahlukunyezwe yi-imperialism.
U-Ted Glick ukholelwa ukuthi singafinyelela umhlaba ongcono, ongenawo ukucindezela kwesigaba, ukungabi nabulungisa kohlanga, noma ubukhosi, obugqugquzelwa izindinganiso zomoya ebeziyingxenye yezinhlobo zethu zeminyaka eyinkulungwane. Indlela eya phambili ayilula, kodwa izibalo zezibalo zika-Glick zinikeza isizathu sokuba nethemba: ngokubala okukodwa kunamaqembu angaba yizigidi ezingu-1-2 emhlabeni wonke asebenzela ukusimama kwemvelo kanye nobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle. Le ncwadi enikeza ithemba isikhuthaza ukuthi sisebenzise leli khono ukuze sizuze i-21st inguquko yekhulu leminyaka.
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