Ngaphakathi kwezinkulumo-mpikiswano eziningi ezizungeza ukukhishwa okusheshayo kwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kunomdonsiswano ongaqondakali ogxile ekukhetheni igama elithi “hallucinate”.
Leli igama abaklami bezakhiwo nama-booster be-AI ekhiqizayo abaye bazinza ukuze babonise izimpendulo ezilethwa ama-chatbot akhiwe ngokuphelele, noma angalungile. Njengokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, lapho ucela i-bot incazelo yento engekho futhi, ngokukholisayo, ikunikeza one, iphelele ngemibhalo yaphansi eyenziwe yakhiwe. "Akekho umuntu osesigangeni osaxazulule izinkinga zokubona ngamehlo enyama," u-Sundar Photosi, i-CEO ye-Google and Alphabet, utshele umxoxi muva nje.
Kuyiqiniso lokho - kodwa kungani ubiza amaphutha ngokuthi "ama-hallucinations" nhlobo? Kungani kungabi yi-algorithmic junk? Noma ama-glitches? Nokho, ukubona izinto ezingekho, kubhekisela emandleni angaqondakali obuchopho bomuntu okubona izenzakalo ezingekho, okungenani hhayi ngamagama avamile, athanda izinto ezibonakalayo. Ngokusebenzisa igama elivame ukusetshenziswa ku-psychology, psychedelics kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-mysticism, ama-AI's booster, kuyilapho evuma ukwehluleka kwemishini yabo, ngesikhathi esifanayo bondla izinganekwane ezithandwa kakhulu kulo mkhakha: ukuthi ngokwakha lezi zinhlobo zezilimi ezinkulu, futhi zibaqeqeshe kukho konke thina bantu sibhale, sasho futhi samela ngokubukeka, siphezu kwenqubo yokuzala ubuhlakani obuphilayo ekuphakameni kokuqubuka kokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwezinhlobo zethu. Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi ama-bot afana no-Bing no-Bard akhubeke laphaya ku-ether?
Imibono eyeqile iyaqhubeka emhlabeni we-AI, nokho - kodwa akuwona ama-bot anakho; ngama-CEO obuchwepheshe abadalulile, kanye nenqwaba yabalandeli babo, abaphethwe yimibono engemihle, ngabodwana nangamaqoqo. Lapha ngichaza ukubona izinto ezingekho ngomqondo ongaqondakali noma wengqondo, izimo ezishintshwe ingqondo ezingasiza ngempela ekufinyeleleni amaqiniso ajulile, ayengabonwa ngaphambilini. Cha. Laba bantu bayakhubeka nje: babona, noma okungenani bathi bayabona, ubufakazi obungekho nhlobo, ngisho nokuhlanganisa umhlaba wonke obuzosebenzisa imikhiqizo yabo ukuze sithuthukise futhi sifundise umhlaba wonke.
I-Generative AI izoqeda ubumpofu, bayasitshela. Izoqeda zonke izifo. Izoxazulula ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kuzokwenza imisebenzi yethu ibe nenjongo futhi ijabulise. Kuzokhulula izimpilo zokungcebeleka nokucabanga, kusisize sibuyise ubuntu esilahlekelwe yimishini yonxiwankulu engasekho. Kuzoqeda isizungu. Kuzokwenza ohulumeni bethu bahlakaniphe futhi baphendule. Lokhu, nginovalo, ama-allucinations angempela e-AI futhi sonke besilokhu sikuzwa ku-loop kusukela i-Chat GPT yethulwa ekupheleni konyaka odlule.
Kunomhlaba lapho i-AI ekhiqizayo, njengethuluzi elinamandla locwaningo lokubikezela kanye nomenzi wemisebenzi ekhathazayo, ingahlelwa ngempela ukuze bazuze ubuntu, ezinye izinhlobo kanye nekhaya lethu elihlanganyelwe. Kodwa ukuze lokho kwenzeke, lobu buchwepheshe buzodinga ukufakwa ohlelweni lwezomnotho nezenhlalo oluhluke kakhulu kunolwethu, injongo yalo eyayinenjongo yokuhlangabezana nezidingo zabantu nokuvikelwa kwezimiso zamaplanethi ezisekela konke ukuphila.
Futhi njengoba thina esingakhubeki okwamanje siqonda kahle, uhlelo lwethu lwamanje alunjalo. Kunalokho, yakhelwe ukukhulisa ukukhishwa komcebo kanye nenzuzo - kubo bobabili abantu kanye nomhlaba wemvelo - iqiniso elisilethe kulokho esingase sikucabange njengesigaba se-techno-necro sobungxiwankulu. Kulelo qiniso lamandla nengcebo egxilile kakhulu, i-AI - kude nokuhlangabezana nazo zonke lezo mibono - ingahle ibe ithuluzi elesabekayo lokuphucwa umhlaba kanye nokuchithwa.
Ngizobuza ukuthi kungani kunjalo. Kodwa okokuqala, kuyasiza ukucabanga ngakho Injongo i-utopian hallucinations mayelana ne-AI iyasebenza. Imuphi umsebenzi lezi zindaba ezinhle eziwenzayo esikweni njengoba sihlangabezana nala mathuluzi amasha angajwayelekile? Nansi inkolelo-mbono eyodwa: ziyizindaba zekhava ezinamandla nezihehayo zalokho okungase kube ukweba okukhulu kakhulu nomphumela omkhulu emlandweni wesintu. Ngoba esikubonayo izinkampani ezicebe kakhulu emlandweni (iMicrosoft, Apple, Google, Meta, Amazon ...) zithatha ingqikithi yolwazi lwabantu olutholakala ngedijithali, ngendlela ehlakazekayo futhi ziluvale ngaphakathi kwemikhiqizo yokuphathelene, iningi layo elizokwazi baqonde ngqo abantu abaqeqeshelwe imishini impilo yabo yonke ngaphandle kokunikeza imvume noma imvume.
Lokhu akufanele kube semthethweni. Endabeni yezinto ezinelungelo lobunikazi esinazo manje ukwazi baqeqeshe amamodeli (kuhlanganise naleli phephandaba), ahlukahlukene izigwegwe zifakwe ezizophikisa ukuthi lokhu bekungekho emthethweni. Kungani, isibonelo, inkampani eyenza inzuzo kufanele ivunyelwe ukuphakela imidwebo, imidwebo nezithombe zamaciko aphilayo ohlelweni olufana ne-Stable Diffusion noma i-Dall-E 2 ukuze bese isetshenziselwe ukukhiqiza izinguqulo ze-doppelganger zalabo kanye abadwebi' umsebenzi, nezinzuzo zigeleza kuwo wonke umuntu ngaphandle kwabaculi ngokwabo?
Umdwebi nomdwebi u-Molly Crabapple usiza ukuhola inhlangano yamaciko ephonsela inselelo lobu bugebengu. “Amajeneretha obuciko e-AI aqeqeshwa kumasethi edatha amakhulu, aqukethe izigidi ngezigidi zezithombe ezinelungelo lobunikazi, ezivunwa ngaphandle kolwazi lomdali wazo, ingasaphathwa yesinxephezelo noma imvume. Lokhu ngempumelelo ukuphanga okukhulu kobuciko emlandweni. Kwenziwe izinkampani ezibukeka zihloniphekile ezisekelwa yi-Silicon Valley venture capital. Ukuphanga kwasemini,” omusha evulekile incwadi ayibhala ngokuhlanganyela ithi.
Iqhinga, vele, ukuthi iSilicon Valley ivame ukubiza ukweba ngokuthi "ukuphazamiseka" - futhi imvamisa ibalekela. Siyazi lesi sinyathelo: ukuya phambili endaweni engenamthetho; funa imithetho emidala ayisebenzi kubuchwepheshe bakho obusha; memeza ngokuthi umthethonqubo uzosiza i-China kuphela - sonke ngenkathi uthola amaqiniso akho ngokuqinile phansi. Ngesikhathi sonke siqeda ubusha balawa mathoyizi amasha futhi siqala ukubheka ukonakala kwezenhlalo, ezepolitiki nezomnotho, ubuchwepheshe sebuvele butholakala yonke indawo kangangokuba izinkantolo futhi abenzi benqubomgomo balahla izandla zabo.
Sikubone ngebhuku le-Google lokuskena ubuciko. Nge-colonization yesikhala sikaMusk. Ngokuhlasela kuka-Uber embonini yamatekisi. Ngokuhlasela kwe-Airbnb emakethe yokuqasha. Ngokuziphatha okuxekethile kwe-Facebook ngedatha yethu. Ungaceli imvume, abaphazamisi bayathanda ukusho, cela intethelelo. (Futhi gcoba izicelo ngeminikelo emikhulu yomkhankaso.)
Enkathini Yokubheka I-Capitalism, Shoshana Zuboff ichaza ngokucophelela ukuthi amamephu e-Street View e-Google ahamba kanjani ezinkambisweni zobumfihlo ngokuthumela izimoto zawo ezihlotshiswe ngekhamera ukuze zithwebule imigwaqo yethu yomphakathi kanye nengaphandle lemizi yethu. Ngesikhathi amacala avikela amalungelo obumfihlo eqala, i-Street View yayisivele ikhona yonke indawo emishinini yethu (futhi ipholile, futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ...) kangangokuthi izinkantolo ezimbalwa ngaphandle. Germany babezimisele ukungenela.
Manje into efanayo eyenzeka ngaphandle kwemizi yethu iyenzeka emazwini ethu, ezithombeni zethu, ezingomeni zethu, empilweni yethu yonke yedijithali. Zonke njengamanje ziyabanjwa futhi zisetshenziselwa ukuqeqesha imishini ukuze ilingise ukucabanga nokudala. Lezi zinkampani kumele zazi ukuthi zibandakanyeka ezenzweni zokweba, noma okungenani ukuthi a icala eliqinile kungenziwa ukuthi bakhona. Bathemba nje ukuthi incwadi yokudlala endala izosebenza kanye - ukuthi isikali se-heist sesivele sikhulu kakhulu futhi sembuleka ngalezi zinto. ijubane ukuthi izinkantolo nabakhi benqubomgomo bazophinde baphakamise izandla zabo phezu kwalokho okucatshangwa ukuthi akunakugwenywa kwakho konke.
Kungakho futhi imibono yabo mayelana nazo zonke izinto ezimangalisayo i-AI ezozenzela isintu ibaluleke kangaka. Ngoba lezo zimangalo eziphakeme zifihla lobu bugebengu obukhulu njengesipho - ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba zisiza ukucabangela ubungozi obungenakuphikwa be-AI.
Njengamanje, iningi lethu selizwile nge Ucwaningo ecele abacwaningi be-AI nabathuthukisi ukuthi balinganisele amathuba okuthi izinhlelo ze-AI ezithuthukisiwe zizodala “ukushabalala kwabantu noma ukuncishiswa amandla okungapheli nokunamandla kwezinhlobo zabantu”. Ngokudabukisayo, impendulo emaphakathi yayiwukuthi kwakunethuba elingu-10%.
Ngabe umuntu ukuthethelela kanjani ukusebenza futhi akhiphe amathuluzi athwala izingozi ezikhona? Imvamisa, isizathu esinikezwe ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zibuye zibe nokukhuphuka okukhulu okungahle kube khona - ngaphandle kokuthi lokhu kukhuphuka, ngokwengxenye enkulu, kuyimibono. Ake simbe ezimbalwa zalezi zasendle.
I-hallucination #1:AI kuthanda ukuxazulula isimo sezulu inkinga
Cishe ngokungaguquki phezulu ohlwini lwe-AI upsides isimangalo sokuthi lezi zinhlelo zizoxazulula inkinga yesimo sezulu ngandlela thile. Sikuzwile lokhu kuwo wonke umuntu ovela ku I-World Economic Forum kuya UMkhandlu wezobudlelwane bangaphandle kuya I-Boston Consulting Group, echaza ukuthi i-AI “ingasetshenziswa ukusekela bonke ababambiqhaza ekuthatheni ulwazi oluthe xaxa kanye nendlela eqhutshwa idatha yokulwa nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni nokwakha umphakathi oluhlaza. Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukukala kabusha imizamo yesimo sezulu somhlaba wonke ezindaweni ezisengozini kakhulu. ” Lowo owayeyi-CEO yakwa-Google u-Eric Schmidt wafingqa leli cala ngesikhathi yena utshele i-Atlantic ukuthi izingozi ze-AI bekufanele zithathwe, ngoba "Uma ucabanga ngezinkinga ezinkulu emhlabeni, zonke zinzima ngempela - ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, izinhlangano zabantu, njalonjalo. Ngakho-ke, ngaso sonke isikhathi ngifuna abantu bahlakaniphe. ”
Ngokwalo mqondo, ukwehluleka “ukuxazulula” izinkinga ezinkulu njengokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kungenxa yokushoda kwabahlakaniphile. Ungakhathazeki ukuthi abantu abahlakaniphile, abasindwa yimiklomelo ye-PhD kanye nemiklomelo kaNobel, sekungamashumi eminyaka betshela ohulumeni bethu ukuthi yini okufanele kwenzeke ukuze baphume kulolu bishi: nciphisa ukukhishwa kwethu, shiya ikhabhoni emhlabathini, ukubhekana nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwabacebile kanye nokusetshenziswa kancane. yabampofu ngoba awukho umthombo wamandla ongenazo izindleko zemvelo.
Isizathu sokuthi lesi seluleko esihlakaniphe kakhulu singanakwa akubangelwa inkinga yokuqonda ukufunda, noma ngoba ngandlela thize sidinga imishini yokusenzela ukucabanga kwethu. Kungenxa yokuthi ukwenza lokho okufunwa yinkinga yesimo sezulu kuzosiphazamisa izigidigidi zamaRandi wezimpahla zikaphethiloli, kuyilapho inselele imodeli yokukhula esekelwe ekusetshenzisweni enhliziyweni yeminotho yethu exhumene. Inkinga yesimo sezulu akuyona, empeleni, imfihlakalo noma imfumbe esingakayixazululi ngenxa yamasethi edatha aqinile. Siyazi ukuthi kuzothathani, kodwa akusona isixazululo esisheshayo - wushintsho lwepharadigm. Ukulinda imishini ukuthi ikhafule impendulo enambitheka kakhudlwana kanye/noma enenzuzo akulona ikhambi lale nkinga, kuwuphawu lwakho futhi.
Sula imibono engemihle futhi kubukeka sengathi i-AI izolethwa emakethe ngezindlela ezijulisa kakhulu isimo sezulu esibucayi. Okokuqala, amaseva amakhulu enza ama-eseyi asheshayo kanye nemisebenzi yobuciko evela kuma-chatbots abe khona inkulu futhi iyakhula. umthombo ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Okwesibili, njengoba izinkampani ezifana ne-Coca-Cola ziqala ukwenza izimali ezinkulu ukusebenzisa i-generative AI ukuthengisa imikhiqizo eminingi, sekuya ngokusobala ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe obusha buzosetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo nesizukulwane sokugcina samathuluzi edijithali: ukuthi lokho okuqala ngezethembiso eziphakeme mayelana nokusabalalisa inkululeko kanye nentando yeningi kugcina kuba izikhangiso eziqondiswe ku-micro. thina ukuze sithenge izinto ezingenamsebenzi, ezikhipha ikhabhoni.
Futhi kukhona isici sesithathu, lesi esinzima kancane ukusicindezela. Lapho iziteshi zethu zemidiya zigcwala ama-fake ajulile nama-clones ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, yilapho siba nomuzwa wokucwila esihlabathini esigcwele ulwazi. U-Geoffrey Hinton, ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi “unkulunkulu we-AI” ngenxa yokuthi inetha ye-neural awakha eminyakeni engaphezu kweshumi edlule yakha izakhi zamamodeli wezilimi zanamuhla ezinkulu, ukuqonda kahle lokhu. Usanda kushiya isikhundla esiphezulu kwa-Google ukuze akwazi ukukhuluma ngokukhululeka mayelana nezingozi zobuchwepheshe asizile ekubumbeni, okuhlanganisa, njengoba enza. utshele I-New York Times, ingozi yokuthi abantu "ngeke besakwazi ukwazi ukuthi yini eyiqiniso".
Lokhu kuhambisana kakhulu nesimangalo sokuthi i-AI izosiza ukulwa nenkinga yesimo sezulu. Ngoba lapho singathembi yonke into esiyifundayo nesiyibonayo endaweni yethu yezindaba eya ngokuya ingaqondakali, siba nokuhlonyiswa okuncane ukuxazulula izinkinga ezicindezelayo. Inkinga yokuthembana yandulela i-ChatGPT, kunjalo, kodwa akungabazeki ukuthi ukwanda kwamanga ajulile kuzohambisana nokwanda okukhulu kwamasiko ozungu asevele echuma. Pho izowenza muphi umehluko uma i-AI iza nokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe nesayensi? Uma indwangu yamaqiniso okwabelwana ngawo ivuleka ezandleni zethu, sizozithola singakwazi ukuphendula nganoma yikuphi ukuhambisana nhlobo.
I-hallucination #2:AI kuthanda Khulula ohlakaniphile ukubusa
Lokhu kukhohlisa kubiza ikusasa eliseduze lapho osopolitiki nezikhulu, besebenzisa ubuhlakani obuningi obuhlanganisiwe bezinhlelo ze-AI, bekwazi “ukubona amaphethini esidingo futhi bathuthukise izinhlelo ezisekelwe ebufakazini” ezinezinzuzo ezinkulu kubavoti babo . Leso simangalo sivela ku-a iphepha eshicilelwe yi-Boston Consulting Group's foundation, kodwa inanelwa ngaphakathi kweningi lokucabanga kanye nezokuxhumana nabaphathi. Futhi kuyasitshela ukuthi lezi zinkampani ezithile - amafemu aqashwe ohulumeni nezinye izinhlangano ukuhlonza ukonga izindleko, imvamisa ngokuxosha inani elikhulu labasebenzi - zisheshe zagxumela ku-AI bandwagon. I-PwC (ngaphambilini eyayiyi-PricewaterhouseCoopers) nje kumemezela utshalomali luka-$1bn, futhi i-Bain & Company kanye ne-Deloitte kubikwa ukuthi banentshiseko ngokusebenzisa la mathuluzi ukuze benze amakhasimende abo “asebenze kahle” kakhudlwana.
Njengezimangalo zesimo sezulu, kuyadingeka ukubuza: ingabe isizathu sokuthi osopolitiki babeke izinqubomgomo ezinonya nezingasebenzi ukuthi bahlupheke ngenxa yokuntuleka kobufakazi? Ukungakwazi "ukubona amaphethini," njengoba iphepha le-BCG liphakamisa? Ingabe abaziqondi izindleko zomuntu ze ukulamba Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo komphakathi phakathi nobhubhane, noma ukwehluleka ukutshala imali ezindlini ezingezona izimakethe lapho amatende egcwalisa amapaki ethu asemadolobheni, noma ukugunyaza ingqalasizinda entsha kaphethiloli ngenkathi amazinga okushisa enyuka? Ingabe bayayidinga i-AI ukuze ibenze “bahlakaniphe”, basebenzise igama likaSchmidt - noma ingabe bahlakaniphe ngokwanele ukwazi ukuthi ubani ozobhala phansi umkhankaso wabo olandelayo, noma, uma beduka, bafake imali ngezimbangi zabo?
Kungaba kuhle kakhulu uma i-AI inganqamula ngempela ukuxhumana phakathi kwemali yebhizinisi nokwenza inqubomgomo budedengu - kodwa leso sixhumanisi sinakho konke okwenzayo nokuthi kungani izinkampani ezifana ne-Google ne-Microsoft zivunyelwe ukukhulula ama-chatbots azo emphakathini naphezu kwezixwayiso kanye nezixwayiso. izingozi ezaziwayo. U-Schmidt nabanye bebesemkhankasweni wokunxenxa iminyaka eminingi ukutshela womabili amaqembu eWashington ukuthi uma engakhululekile ukuqhubekela phambili nge-AI ekhiqizayo, engasindwa yimithetho eqinile, amandla asentshonalanga azoshiywa othulini yiChina. Ngonyaka odlule, izinkampani eziphezulu ze-tech wachitha irekhodi elingu-$70m lokunxenxa iWashington - ngaphezu komkhakha kawoyela negesi - futhi leyo samba, iphawula ye-Bloomberg News, ingaphezulu kwezigidi ezichithwe "ezinhlobonhlobo zazo zamaqembu ohwebo, izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo kanye nemicabango".
Kodwa nokho naphezu kolwazi lwabo olujulile lokuthi imali ibumba kanjani inqubomgomo ezinhlokodolobha zikazwelonke, uma ulalela u-Sam Altman, i-CEO ye-OpenAI - umenzi we-ChatGPT - ekhuluma ngezimo ezingcono kakhulu zemikhiqizo yakhe, konke lokhu kubonakala sengathi ukhohliwe. Esikhundleni salokho, ubonakala ekhohlisa umhlaba ohluke ngokuphelele kowethu, lapho osopolitiki nezimboni benza izinqumo ezisekelwe kudatha engcono kakhulu futhi engeke ibeke izimpilo ezingenakubalwa engcupheni yenzuzo nenzuzo yezwe. Okusiletha komunye umbono.
I-hallucination #3: tech ama-giant can be ethembekile hhayi phula i izwe
Ebuzwa uma ekhathazekile ngokuxhamazela kwegolide i-ChatGPT aseyikhiphile, u-Altman uthe unjalo, kodwa wanezela ngokukhulu umunyu: “Ngethemba ukuthi konke kuzolunga.” Ngama-CEO asebenza nawo ezobuchwepheshe - labo abaqhudelana ukusheshisa izimbangi zabo zezingxoxo - uthe: "Ngicabanga ukuthi izingelosi ezingcono zizophumelela."
Izingelosi ezingcono? Ku-Google? Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi inkampani ukuxoshwa iningi lazo ngoba bebeshicilela amaphepha agxekayo nge-AI, noma bebiza inkampani ngokucwasa nokuhlukumeza ngokocansi emsebenzini. “Izingelosi ezingcono” zinengeziwe niyeke nge-alamu, yakamuva kakhulu i-Hinton. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi, ngokuphambene nokukhohlisa kwabantu abazuza kakhulu nge-AI, i-Google ayenzi izinqumo ezisekelwe kulokho okulungele umhlaba - yenza izinqumo ngokusekelwe kulokho okulungele abanikazi bamasheya be-Alphabet, abangafuni ukuphuthelwa ibhamuza lakamuva, hhayi lapho iMicrosoft, iMeta ne-Apple sezingenile.
I-Hallucination #4:AI kuthanda khulula us kusukela isidina
Uma ukuqagela okuhle kweSilicon Valley kubonakala kuzwakala kwabaningi, kunesizathu esilula salokho. I-Generative AI njengamanje ikulokho esingacabanga ngakho njengesigaba sayo se-faux-socialism. Lokhu kuyingxenye yencwadi yokudlala ejwayeleke manje ye-Silicon Valley. Okokuqala, dala umkhiqizo okhangayo (injini yokusesha, ithuluzi lokwenza imephu, inethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu, inkundla yevidiyo, indawo yokugibela ...); sinikeze mahhala noma cishe mahhala iminyaka embalwa, ngaphandle kwemodeli yebhizinisi ebonakalayo ("Dlala ngamabhothi," bayasitshela, "bona ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezijabulisayo ongazidala!"); wenze izimangalo eziningi eziphakeme mayelana nokuthi ukwenza kanjani kuphela ngoba ufuna ukwakha "isikwele sedolobha" noma "imininingwane evamile" noma "xhuma abantu", konke ngesikhathi usakaza inkululeko nentando yeningi (futhi ungabi "bubi"). Bese ubuka njengoba abantu bebambeka besebenzisa la mathuluzi amahhala futhi izimbangi zakho zimemezela ukuqothuka. Uma inkundla isicacile, thula izikhangiso ezihlosiwe, ukugadwa okuqhubekayo, izinkontileka zamaphoyisa nezempi, ukuthengiswa kwedatha yebhokisi elimnyama kanye nezindleko zokubhalisa ezikhulayo.
Izimpilo eziningi kanye nemikhakha iye yaqedwa ukuphindwaphindwa kwasekuqaleni kwale ncwadi yokudlala, kusukela kubashayeli bamatekisi kuya ezimakethe eziqashisayo kuya emaphephandabeni endawo. Ngoguquko lwe-AI, lezi zinhlobo zokulahlekelwa zingabukeka njengamaphutha ahlanganisayo, othisha, amakhodi, abaculi ababonakalayo, izintatheli, abahumushi, abaculi, abasebenzi abanakekelayo nabanye abaningi ababhekene nethemba lokuthi imali yabo engenayo ithathelwe indawo yikhodi ye-glitchy.
Ungakhathazeki, abathanda i-AI bayaphupha - kuzoba kuhle kakhulu. Ubani othanda umsebenzi noma kunjalo? I-Generative AI ngeke kube ukuphela komsebenzi, sitshelwa, kuphela "umsebenzi oyisicefe” – ngama-chatbot asiza ukwenza yonke imisebenzi ecekela phansi imiphefumulo, ephindaphindayo kanye nabantu abavele bayigade. U-Altman, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubona ikusasa lapho umsebenzi “kungaba umqondo obanzi, hhayi into okufanele uyenze ukuze ukwazi ukudla, kodwa into oyenzayo njengendlela yokubonisa yokudala kanye nendlela yokuthola ukwaneliseka nenjabulo”.
Lowo ngumbono othokozisayo wempilo emnandi kakhulu, yokuzilibazisa, abashiye abaningi behlanganyela (okuhlanganisa nomkhwenyana kaKarl Marx, uPaul Lafargue, owabhala incwadi Manifesto enesihloko esithi Ilungelo Lokuvila). Kodwa thina abashiya futhi siyazi ukuthi uma ukuzuza imali kungase kungabe kusabalulekile empilweni, kufanele kube nezinye izindlela zokuhlangabezana nezidingo zethu zendalo zendawo yokuhlala nokondleka. Izwe elingenayo imisebenzi ewubukhazikhazi kusho ukuthi irenti kufanele ibe mahhala, nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kufanele kube mahhala, futhi wonke umuntu kufanele abe namalungelo ezomnotho angenakugwenywa. Futhi-ke ngokuzumayo asikhulumi nge-AI nhlobo - sikhuluma nge-socialism.
Ngenxa yokuthi asiphili emhlabeni we-Star Trek ophefumulelwe onengqondo, wobuntu u-Altman abonakala eqakathekisa. Siphila ngaphansi konxiwankulu, futhi ngaphansi kwalolo hlelo, imiphumela yokugcwala kwemakethe ngobuchwepheshe obungenza ngokusobala imisebenzi yezomnotho yabantu abaningi abasebenzayo akukhona ukuthi labo bantu bakhululekile ngokuzumayo ukuba babe yizazi zefilosofi namaciko. Kusho ukuthi labo bantu bazozithola begqolozele kwalasha - nabaculi bangempela phakathi kwabokuqala ukuwa.
Lowo ngumlayezo wencwadi evulelekile kaCrabapple, ebiza “abaculi, abashicileli, izintatheli, abahleli nabaholi bezinyunyana zezintatheli ukuthi bathembise izindinganiso zobuntu ngokumelene nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezikhiqizayo ze-AI” futhi “bazibophezele ekusekeleni ubuciko bokuhlela obenziwe abantu. , hhayi amapulazi eseva”. Incwadi, manje isayinwe ngamakhulu amaciko, izintatheli nabanye, ithi bonke ngaphandle kwabaculi abasezingeni eliphezulu bathola umsebenzi wabo “usengozini yokushabalala”. Futhi ngokusho kukaHinton, "u-godfather we-AI", asikho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi usongo ngeke lusakazeke. Ama-chatbot asusa "umsebenzi wokudakwa" kodwa "kungase kuthathe okungaphezu kwalokho".
UCrabapple kanye nababhali abakanye naye babhala: “Ubuciko be-Generative AI buyi-vampirical, budla izizukulwane ezidlule zemisebenzi yobuciko njengoba bumunca igazi elivela kumaciko aphilayo.” Kodwa kunezindlela zokumelana: singenqaba ukusebenzisa le mikhiqizo futhi sihlele ukuze sifune ukuthi abaqashi bethu nohulumeni banqabe nabo. A Incwadi ovela kwizazi ezivelele zezimiso zokuziphatha ze-AI, okuhlanganisa no-Timnit Gebru owaxoshwa yi-Google ngo-2020 ngenxa yokubekela inselele ukucwaswa kwasemsebenzini, ubeka amanye amathuluzi okulawula ohulumeni abangawethula ngokushesha - okuhlanganisa nokubeka obala okugcwele mayelana nokuthi yimaphi amasethi edatha asetshenziswayo ukuqeqesha amamodeli. Ababhali bayabhala: “Akufanele kuhlale kucace kuphela lapho sihlangana nemidiya yokwenziwa, kodwa izinhlangano ezakha lezi zinhlelo kufanele futhi zidingeke ukuthi zibhale futhi zidalule imininingwane yokuqeqeshwa kanye nezakhiwo eziyimodeli .... Kufanele sakha imishini esisebenzelayo, esikhundleni ‘sokujwayela’ umphakathi ukuze ufundeke ngomshini futhi ubhaleke.”
Yize izinkampani zobuchwepheshe zingathanda ukuthi sikholwe ukuthi sekwephuze kakhulu ukuhlehlisa lo mkhiqizo othatha indawo yabantu, olingisa ngobuningi kunezandulela ezibaluleke kakhulu zomthetho neziqondiso ezingase zisetshenziswe. Isibonelo, i-US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ngenkani I-Cambridge Analytica, kanye no-Everalbum, umnikazi wohlelo lokusebenza lwezithombe, ukuze bacekele phansi wonke ama-algorithms atholakale eqeqeshwe ngedatha eyabiwe ngokungekho emthethweni nezithombe ezilahliwe. Ezinsukwini zabo zakuqala, abaphathi be-Biden benza izimangalo eziningi ezinesibindi mayelana nokulawula ubuchwepheshe obukhulu, okubandakanya ukwephula ukwebiwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu ukuze kwakhiwe ama-algorithms okuphathelene. Njengoba ukhetho lukamongameli lusondela ngokushesha, manje kungaba yisikhathi esihle sokwenza kahle lezo zithembiso - futhi sigweme isethi elandelayo yokudilizwa kwenqwaba yabantu ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke.
Izwe lama-fake ajulile, izihibe zokulingisa kanye nokungalingani okuba kubi kakhulu akuyona into engenakugwenywa. Kuyisethi yezinketho zenqubomgomo. Singakwazi ukulawula uhlobo lwamanje lwama-vampiric chatbots lungasekho - futhi siqale ukwakha umhlaba lapho izithembiso ezijabulisa kakhulu ze-AI zingaba ngaphezu kokuqanjwa eSilicon Valley.
Ngoba siqeqeshe imishini. Sonke. Kodwa asizange sikunikeze imvume yethu. Bondle ngobuhlakani obuhlangene besintu, ugqozi kanye nezambulo (kanye nezici zethu ze-vennal). Lawa mamodeli ayimishini evalekile kanye nesabelomali, eshwabadela futhi yenza izimpilo zethu zibe yimfihlo kanye namafa ethu ahlangene obuhlakani nawobuciko. Futhi inhloso yabo ayizange ibe ukuxazulula ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu noma ukwenza ohulumeni bethu babe nomthwalo wemfanelo noma ukuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke ngokukhululeka. Kwakuhlala njalo ukwenza inzuzo ngokuxhaphaza abantu abaningi, okuthi, ngaphansi konxiwankulu, kube umphumela osobala nonengqondo wokushintsha imisebenzi yabantu ngamabhothi.
Ingabe konke lokhu kumangalisa ngokweqile? Ukumelana okuqinile nokuguquguqukayo kokuqamba okusha okujabulisayo? Kungani ulindele okubi kakhulu? Altman iqinisekisa nathi: "Akekho ofuna ukubhubhisa umhlaba." Mhlawumbe akunjalo. Kodwa njengoba isimo sezulu esiqhubeka siba sibi kanye nezinhlekelele zokushabalala zisibonisa nsuku zonke, abantu abaningi abanamandla nezikhungo zibonakala zizinhle ngokwazi ukuthi zisiza ukucekela phansi ukuzinza kwezinhlelo zomhlaba ezisekela ukuphila, inqobo nje uma ziqhubeka nokwenza. irekhodi inzuzo abakholelwa ukuthi izobavikela bona nemikhaya yabo emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu. U-Altman, njengezidalwa eziningi zaseSilicon Valley, naye ungumqambi: emuva ngo-2016, ziqhayisa: "Nginezibhamu, igolide, i-potassium iodide, ama-antibiotics, amabhethri, amanzi, izifihla-buso zegesi ezivela eMbuthweni Wezokuvikela wakwa-Israel kanye nendawo enkulu e-Big Sur engingandizela kuyo."
Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi lawo maqiniso asho okuningi kakhulu ngalokho u-Altman akukholelwayo ngempela ngekusasa asiza ukukukhulula kunanoma yikuphi ukukhohlisa okunezimbali akhetha ukwabelana ngakho ezingxoxweni nabezindaba.
UNaomi Klein ungumbhali we-Guardian US nombhali onikelayo. Ungumbhali othengisa kakhulu we-No Logo kanye ne-Shock Doctrine kanye noProfessor Wezobulungiswa Besimo Sezulu kanye noCo-director weSikhungo Sobulungiswa Besimo Sezulu eNyuvesi yaseBritish Columbia.
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