One of the worst weeks in Facebookās historyāits stock tumbled, Congress and Parliament demanded top executives testify and explain, and the Federal Trade Commission opened a new investigationāis due to a simple fact: the company shares and sells privacy-breaching profiles of millions of users.
Facebookās latest troubles rose to the top of the news this weekend when a series of investigative reports in the U.S. and Britain found that private political consulting firm Cambridge Analytica, created by Trumpās former political guru Steve Bannon, had stolen 50 million Facebook user profiles. The profiles were intended to be used in the 2016 election for the electoral equivalent of psychological warfare: to push, prod, play on prejudices, you name it, and provoke millions of Americans in swing states to vote for Donald Trumpāor not to vote for Hillary Clinton.
It turns out Trumpās campaign didnāt use Bannonās psychological warfare machineĀ after all.Ā Cambridge Analytica’sĀ data simply wasnāt as good as Facebookās own customized advertising platforms, in conjunction with the Republican Partyās voter files. Beyond that takeaway, to stop giving Bannon credit where it’s not due, Facebookās problems stem from the fact that it’s a privacy-busting social media platform.
But this feature, which some people find deeply disturbing, isnāt unique in Silicon Valley. Rather, it is indicative of whatās coming under the rapidly developing Internet of Things. That realization puts Facebookās latest political turmoil, and the various governmental responses, into an odd category: whatās noisy today isnāt likely to change whatās coming tomorrow, as the loss of privacy is a given for the touted benefits of a wired world.
āThis is not a story about hacking or data breaches, but about Facebookās privacy policies,ā said Paul Resnick, a professor of Information at the Center for Social Media ResponsibilityĀ at the University of Michigan. āCambridge Analytica gathered some information about 30-50 million people, via a FB app, but it’s not clear that it got very much about each person.ā
While Resnick noted that Facebook ātightened its privacy policies four years ago, so that apps now can gather even less information about a userās friends than they could then,ā thereās plenty of current debate about whether those steps were meaningful or akin to sticking a proverbial finger in a leaky dike. (Facebook was under an FTC consent decree to enforce privacy protections, which led it to announce a new investigation Tuesday.)
āCambridge Analytica was basically using Facebook as it was designed: as an enormous and enormously valuable trove of data about people,ā Alex Shephard wrote in the New Republic, saying that Facebook, not Bannonās crew, was the āshadyā actor. āFacebookās apparent indifference to Cambridge Analyticaās malfeasance for the past two years is an acknowledgment of this basic reality. The occasional bad actorāand there have been severalāis the price of the companyās business model, which is to sell its usersā data.ā
Sandy Parakilas, the “platform operations manager at Facebook responsible for policing data breaches by third-party software developers between 2011 and 2012,ā made much the same point in a Guardian report. āParakilas, 38, who now works as a product manager for Uber, is particularly critical of Facebookās previous policy of allowing developers to access the personal data of friends of people who used apps on the platform, without the knowledge or express consent of those friends.ā
But academics and others who study social media, including the information gathering practices powering its lucrative advertising business, say that everybody using social media like Facebook should know their private lives are being mined for profit. Needless to say, most social media users are not thinking about that when sharing personal thoughts or taking part in some public political activity.
āWhen someone violates your privacy for profit, like weāre seeing with Facebook and Cambridge Analytica, it feels like youāve been robbed,ā said Will Potter, professor of journalismĀ at the University of Michigan and a noted civil liberties advocate. āBut we have to remember that we gave Facebook the keys to our personal information. And it doesnāt stop there.ā
Potter explained that social media users have signed away their rights to privacy by opening accounts in their names on these platforms. āFacebook is just one of many social media platforms aggregating our lives, and most users accept these companiesā terms of use without having read them. Unless we hold these companies accountable, they will continue to dominate other aspects of our lives.ā
But Potter makes a larger pointāone that casts whatever pending action the FTC may take in a diminished light: whatever fine they may levy will be a business expense and not impede Silicon Valleyās evolving drive to monitor peopleās behaviors and tie in their digital devices to create a so-called Internet of Things.
āIn [Facebook CEO] Mark Zuckerberg’s āmanifesto,ā for instance, we should remember that he promised: āWe are committed to always doing better, even if that involves a worldwide voting system to give you more voice and control.ā This data breach should put an end to any possibility of Facebook being used for voting, and itās an opportunity for all of us to rethink the trust we have put in social media companies.ā
Bigger Picture: Privacy Shrinks as the Internet of Things Grows
In 2014, Pew Research published a report describing how the Internet of Things will thrive by 2025 and discussed its promises, perils and unknowns. What it says about vanishing privacy and its personal and societal implications resonates with the latest Facebook brouhaha over 50 million user profiles being easily accessed and stolen.
āMany experts say the rise of embedded and wearable computing will bring the next revolution in digital technology,ā the Pew summary began. āThey say the upsides are enhanced health, convenience, productivity, safety and vastly more useful information for people and organizations. The downsides: challenges to personal privacy, over-hyped expectations, and tech complexity that boggles us.ā
JP Rangaswami, chief scientist for Salesforce.com, described what’s coming: āThe proliferation of sensors and actuators will continue,ā he said, referring to the many apps, devices and home appliances that are now commercially available. āāEverythingā will become nodes on a network. The quality of real-time information that becomes available will take the guesswork out of much of capacity planning and decision-making.ā
But as Pewās report notedāand as Bannonās Cambridge Analytica boasted of doing, but failed to do in 2016āthe capitalists behind Silicon Valleyās revolution want to deploy computing not just to sell things, but to provoke and change behavior.
āMany expect that a major driver of the Internet of Things will be incentives to try to get people to change their behaviorāmaybe to purchase a good, maybe to act in a more healthy or safe manner, maybe work differently, maybe to use public goods and services in more efficient ways,” the report said. āLaurel Papworth, social media educator, explained, āEvery part of our life will be quantifiable, and eternal, and we will answer to the community for our decisions. For example, skipping the gym will have your gym shoes auto tweet (equivalent) to the peer-to-peer health insurance network that will decide to degrade your premiums. There is already a machine that can read brain activity, including desire, in front of advertising by near/proximity. I have no doubt that will be placed into the Big Data databases when evaluating hand gestures, body language, and space for presenting social objects for discussion/purchase/voting.āā
The specter of a disruptive digital Big Brother disturbs privacy advocates such as the Electronic Privacy Information Center, or EPIC, which for years hasĀ called on the FTCĀ to pressure Facebook to abide by its 2011 consent decreeāwhich the latest disclosures about Cambridge Analyticaās theft of millions of user files appear to have flaunted.
Frank Pasquale, a law professor and EPIC advisory board member, told Pewās researcher that expansion of the Internet of Things will result in a world that is more āprison-likeā with a āsmall class of āwatchersā and a much larger class of the experimented upon, the watched.ā In another article, he predicted the Internet of ThingsĀ āwill be a tool for other people to keep tabs on what the populace is doing.ā
While others offer less doomsday-ish scenarios, one impact is certain: privacy will vanish.
āIt [the Internet of Things] will have widespread beneficial effects, along with widespread negative effects,ā Justin Reich, a fellow at Harvard Universityās Berkman Center for Internet & Society, told Pew. āThere will be conveniences and privacy violations. There will be new ways for people to connect, as well as new pathways towards isolation, misanthropy, and depression. Iām not sure that moving computers from peopleās pockets (smartphones) to peopleās hands or face will have the same level of impact that the smartphone has had, but things will trend in the similar direction. Everything that you love and hate about smartphones will be more so.ā
Whatās also clear is that different kinds of personal informationāwritings, speech and behaviorāwill also be tracked, Pewās experts said; often with unanticipated side effects or impacts.
āThe Internet of Things is too complex. It will break, over and over,ā said Jerry Michalski, founder of REX, the Relationship Economy eXpedition. āThey will also be prone to unintended consequences: they will do things nobody designed for beforehand, most of which will be undesirable. We arenāt evolved enough as a species or society to create apps and services that are useful to humanity in the Internet of Things. Weāll try to create efficiencies but be thwarted by natureās complexity. False positives from contextual movements will break peopleās willingness to have devices track their expressions and thoughts. Try using speech recognition in a crowded room. Now, imagine that it is your thoughts being tracked, not merely speech. Google Glass has already attracted backlash, before a thousand people are in the world using it. [It was taken off the market and sold to the U.S. military, beta testers previously told AlterNet.] Our surveillance society feels oppressive, not liberating. No comfortable truce will be found between the privacy advocates and the āscreen everythingā crowd.ā
Facebookās latest travails are resonating because it is a global social media platform with 2 billion users, that is being exposed as insufficiently protecting people’s privacy. But its gathering of private information, data mining and synthesis is hardly unique in Silicon Valley. If anything, Facebookās practices are in line with where Silicon Valley wants to take the world: toward an Internet of Things where everyone and everything are wired together, and where privacy, as it’s now known, is disappearing.
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