On Monday, we learned that senior pro-Brexit Tories (all white men) had nicknamed themselves the āGrand Wizardsā. On Tuesday, that the pro-Brexit Bruges Group of Tory MPs had held a meeting at Westminster which called for a āBlueshirtā street movement to riot until Brexit was delivered, and in which senior MP Suella Braverman said theyāre in a āwarā against āCultural Marxismā.
Weāre told by mainstream commentators not to feel too worried about any of this. The BBCās political editor Laura Kuenssberg reassured us that the Brexiteers were using the Grand Wizard nickname āinformally, no intended connection to anything elseā. Others have however noted that Michael Gove had ran into trouble for comparing himself to a āGrand Wizard of the KKKā before.
The blueshirts might evoke Hitlerās Blackshirts or Mosleyās Brownshirts (or indeed, the earlier, fascist Irish blueshirts), but calling for such a force is āless menacingā than it sounds, the Guardianās Peter Walker told us, because theyāre mostly old men. The Tory MP and hard Brexiteer Suella Braverman āprobably wasnāt awareā of the history of the term āCultural Marxismā when she used it, weāre told by most commentators ā even though she was challenged by Guardian journalist Dawn Foster on its use as a far-right talking point and by the terrorist Anders Breivik, and merely doubled down.
Yesterday, a cross-party group of a dozen British MEPs wrote to the BBC accusing them of normalising āwhite supremacist languageā and āconveying such extreme-right dog-whistlesā with an inappropriately ālightheartedā reaction from its journalists. The BBC has yet to respond.
The idea that such terms are just accidents, at this precise historical juncture, and/or entertaining banalities barely worthy of serious media comment (contrast the considerable attention given to anti-semitism in the Labour party) is worth examining.
Cultural Marxism is a conspiracy theory popular amongst the far-right, and, as the Jewish Board of Deputies commented this week, a well-known āanti-semitic tropeā. It paints a bunch of German Jewish twentieth century academics known as the Frankfurt School, who were interested in critiquing contemporary mass culture and who decamped to America to escape the Nazis, as seeding a widespread conspiracy to bring down white āWestern Civilisationā with an evil mash-up of Marx and Freud (āboth Jewish!ā cry the crank right).
The term was given its current common usage by various conspiracists and paleoconservatives in the 1990s ā most notably, in a video by William Lind which widely disseminated across the internet. Lind reportedly told an audience at a Holocaust denial conference that the Frankfurt School āwere all Jewishā (he did also tell them he was ānot among those who question whether the Holocaust occurredā). A key tenet of the āCultural Marxismā conspiracy theory as disseminated explicitly on countless websites, is that it encourages immigration and multiculturalism to undermine āWestern Valuesā (essentially being used as code here for āwhite, non-Jewish peopleā). The mainstream right, meanwhile, treads more carefully, usually restricting itself to suggesting that āCultural Marxismā is what is preventing the right to free expression of ālegitimate concernsā about immigration.
The idea of āCultural Marxismā was popularised by right-wing US politicians like Pat Buchanan and more recently has been taken up enthusiastically by the Steve Bannon/Breitbart-inspired āalt-rightā. These groups have embraced and promulgated a narrative in which āCultural Marxismā promotes its plot against āWestern valuesā through āculture warsā on university campuses and in other public institutions, supposedly now wholly dominated by a takeover by 1968 radicals and their āculture warriorā and āsocial justice warriorā offspring, āsnowflakesā who are imposing āpolitical correctnessā, clamping down on āfree speechā, lowering standards and weakening the nationās youth.
If this is all sounding a bit wearily familiar, itās because this diagnosis of the worldās ills ā explicitly named as āCultural Marxismā ā has been regularly recited by outlets like the Telegraph, the Spectator and Spiked, and indeed leaks from there into the BBC.
Of course, the ruling class and its more obedient acolytes canāt stand discussion of ideology, culture and identity, about the power of language, about what is discussed, because they donāt want us to notice that these are their weapons of choice. Donāt want us to notice, for example, that the most successful weaponiser of ideology, of hegemony, was (as Stuart Hall foresaw) Thatcher and her ideologists. The Institute of Economic Affairsā neoliberal ideas are (despite their protestations to the contrary) far more influential in most of our institutions and daily lives after their own 40 year-long march. Universities (you wonder if the average Daily Telegraph reader has been near one lately) in reality bombard students with injunctions to be āentrepreneurialā, āresilientā and other codes for āman up, buckoā. And itās the academic disciplines most able to be wielded to defend this harsh and unequal state of affairs that are given the most prominence in the media and publishing, from evolutionary psychology and neuroscience to economics, behavioural or otherwise.
Across education, the idea that āWesternā (read white, patriarchal and colonial) culture is the highest state of being imaginable has been entrenched in history curricula (via Michael Gove and his advisor, pro-Empire apologist Niall Ferguson).
Despite this reality, the Telegraph and Spectator readers and indeed BBC viewers and listeners are presented, by the likes of Douglas Murray, James Delingpole and others, with a world where ācriticalā and ācultural theoristsā, infused with the spirit of Frankfurt School fellow traveller Marcuse and Italian theorist of āhegemonyā Gramsci, have undertaken a ālong march through the institutionsā and are using their hegemonic power to perpetuate outrages like, er, protests against hate speech provocateurs like Milo, a desire to understand and examine colonial legacies, and demands for literature syllabi to include a few texts that arenāt by dead white men.
In todayās Britain (and elsewhere) itās migrants and people of colour who must navigate an increasingly āhostile environmentā where the threats of attack, exclusion, surveillance, detention and expulsion are ever-present. But itās white people who the Right, in one dog whistle or another, presents to us as the real victims, their āfreedomsā (of speech, financial advancement, and sexual partners) threatened by queers, ācosmopolitansā, feminists, the EU and Islam.
But such a recasting opens up space for those who take the āmainstreamā rightās intellectual antecedents at their word ā the nativists, the anti-semites, the white supremacists, the ethno-nationalists. Itās only a short hop to giving a platform to outright neofascists like Generation Identity, as BBCās Newsnight notoriously did on the day of the Christchurch massacre. And platforms to wannabe militia leaders like Tommy Robinson, who the same programme promoted an interview with using his preferred framing of āfree speechā (complete with an image of him being āgaggedā).
Brexit, of course, played ruthlessly on these messages ā most notably in its invocations of Turkey being about to join the EU, and in the subsequent labelling of anti-Brexit MPs as ātraitorsā.
Is it then, really just harmless fun, just a bit āironicā, barely worthy of media comment (with the honourable exceptions of Dawn Foster, Jon Stone in the Independent, Peter Walker and Owen Jones in the Guardian, and the Jewish Chronicle), for prominent Tories to be floating the idea that weāre at āwarā against āCultural Marxismā and that we need both āGrand Wizardsā and a āBlueshirtā street force to fight back?
Is it really just accidental that right in the midst of the Brexit unwinding, the right wing of the Tory party appears to be dropping easter eggs (to use a gamer term) encouraging the crank right and the wannabe militiamen? Is it really ok for them to do so, when already one anti-Brexit, pro-immigration MP was murdered during the Brexit referendum by a far right terrorist, others like Anna Soubry canāt go home for fear of their lives, and when racist attacks on mosques are surging in the wake of Christchurch? And when the odious āmanifestosā of murderous white supremacists like Anders Breivik and the Christchurch killer are drenched in such concepts, cobbled together from a toxic mix of āironicallyā racist edgelord memes, explicitly fascist thought, and āmainstreamā politicians and commentators?
Perhaps for evil to triumph, all that is necessary is for good men and women of the press to do nothing except raise an amused eyebrow.
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