Kwakukho into eyoyikisayo eqhelekileyo malunga nendlela esasikhumbula ngayo ukuphela kwesiphelo IMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala kwiminyaka elikhulu eyadlulayo. Hayi nje iingxangxasi zepoppies kunye namagama aqhelekileyo - iMons, iSomme, iYpres, iVerdun - kodwa ukuthula phantse kuphelele malunga nabo bonke abafa kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala, abamehlo abo ayengekho luhlaza njengethu okanye ulusu lwabo lwalululo. hayi epinki njengeyethu okanye ukubandezeleka kwabo kuqhubeka ukusuka kwiMfazwe eNkulu ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla.
Nditsho nezo zongezo zangeCawa eziye zaphambuka ukusuka kwicala elingasentshona zichukumise ngokufutshane kuphela iziphumo zemfazwe ePoland entsha, iCzechoslovakia entsha, iYugoslavia entsha kunye neBolshevik Russia, ngokukhankanywa kweTurkey. Indlala enkulu - mhlawumbi i-1.6 yezigidi ezibhubhileyo - yama-Arabhu aseLevant phantsi kokuphangwa kweTurkey kunye ne-Allied blockade kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala ayifumananga lizwi. Okona kumangalisa ngakumbi kukuba, andizange ndifumane nenye ireferensi yolona lwaphulo-mthetho lukhulu kuluntu lweMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala-hayi ukubulawa kwabathinjwa baseBelgium ngamajoni aseJamani ngo-1914, kodwa Imbubhiso yaseArmenia yabemi abangamaKristu abasisigidi esinesiqingatha ngowe-1915 liqabane laseJamani iOttoman Turkish.
Kwenzeka ntoni kolo xwebhu luphambili lweMfazwe Yehlabathi Yokuqala kuMbindi Mpuma, ngowe-1917 Isibhengezo saseBalfour eyathembisa ilizwe lamaYuda ePalestina yaza yatshabalalisa ama-Arabhu asePalestina (uninzi lwasePalestina ngelo xesha) kwinto endiyibiza ngokuba yimbacu? Okanye isivumelwano se-Sykes-Picot sowe-1916 esanqumla uMbindi Mpuma saza sangcatsha isithembiso sokuzimela geqe kwama-Arabhu? Okanye ukuqhubela phambili kukaGeneral Allenby eYerusalem apho - elityelwe ngoku ngabahlalutyi bethu abathandekayo - waqala ukusetyenziswa kwegesi okokuqala kuMbindi Mpuma. Sibethwa kakhulu bubundlavini bembali yanamhlanje yaseSyria neyaseIraq, kangangokuba siyalibala - okanye asazi - ukuba amadoda ka-Allenby adubule iigobolondo zerhasi kumkhosi waseTurkey eGaza. Kuzo zonke iindawo. Kodwa irhasi kwinkumbulo edibeneyo kwimpelaveki ephelileyo ibivalelwe, kodwa kwakhona, kwiWestern Front.
Amangcwaba emfazwe yeMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi kuMbindi Mpuma naseYurophu anamashumi amawaka amangcwaba amaSilamsi - ama-Algeria, amaMoroccans, amaIndiya - kodwa andizange ndibone ifoto yenye yawo. Kwanabasebenzi baseTshayina abafa kwi-Western Front bephethe oonokrwece bemikhosi yaseBritane - okanye namajoni ama-Afrika awalwela afela iFransi eSomme. KuseFransi kuphela, kubonakala ngathi uMongameli uMacron ukhumbule le nto ibalulekileyo yongquzulwano, njengoko kufanelekile. Amadoda angaphezu kwama-30,000 avela eComoros, eSenegal, eCongo, eSomalia, eGuinea naseBenin afa kwiMfazwe Enkulu.
Kwakukade kukho ilitye lesikhumbuzo kubo eRheims. Kodwa amaJamani aqalisa uhlaselo olunobuhlanga kumajoni amaFrentshi amnyama athatha inxaxheba kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala eJamani ngokudlwengula abasetyhini baseJamani kunye “nokubeka esichengeni ikamva logqatso lwaseJamani”. Kakade ke, zonke zazingeyonyaniso, kodwa xa imikhosi kaHitler yahlasela iFransi ngowe-1940, ubuxoki bamaNazi nxamnye nala madoda manye wawufezile umsebenzi wako. Ngaphezu kwama-2,000 amajoni amaFrentshi antsundu abulawa yi-Wehrmacht ngo-1940; ilitye lesikhumbuzo latshatyalaliswa. Isandula ukwakhiwa kwakhona-kwaye yavulwa kwakhona ngexesha leminyaka elikhulu yeArmistice.
Emva koko kukho izigqebelo zengcwaba zabafileyo. Kwimikhosi ye-4,000 yaseMoroccan - onke amaSilamsi - athunyelwa kwiMfazwe yaseMarne ngo-1914, kuphela i-800 yasinda. Abanye bafela eVerdun. Kumajoni kaGeneral Hubert Lyautey angama-45,000 aseMoroccan, i-12,000 yayibulewe ngo-1918. Yathatha iphephancwadi elincinci lesiFrentshi. Jeune Afrika ukuqaphela ukuba amangcwaba amaninzi abafileyo baseMorocco nanamhlanje asaphawulwe yinkwenkwezi kunye necrescent ye-Turkish Ottoman caliphate. Kodwa abantu baseMoroccan, nangona babengabemi bobukhosi base-Ottoman, babesilwela iFransi ngokuchasene namahlakani aseJamani aseTurkey. Inkwenkwezi kunye necrescent ayizange ibe ngumqondiso osemthethweni wamaSilamsi. Ngayiphi na imeko, abantu baseMorocco babeneMfazwe eNkulu sele benayo iflegi yabo.
Kodwa ke, iisimboli zokwenyani zeMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala kunye neziphumo zayo eziqhubekayo kunye negazi zikuMbindi Mpuma. Iingxwabangxwaba ezikummandla - eSyria, eIraq, kwaSirayeli naseGaza nakwiWest Bank nakwiGulf - ubukhulu becala zinokulanda umkhondo wazo kwiMfazwe yethu enkulu. USykes-Picot wahlulahlula ama-Arabhu. Imfazwe - emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa emva kokufika kweGallipoli - yenza ukuba amaTurkey atshabalalise abambalwa babo abangamaKristu baseArmenian. AmaNazi, ngendlela, ayethanda Mustafa Kemal Ataturk ngenxa yokuba “wawahlambulula” amaqaqobana akhe. Xa uAtaturk wafa, iphephandaba leqela Volkischer Beobachter iphetha iphepha layo elingaphambili ngombala omnyama. Ulwahlulo lweLebhanon neSyria kunye neenkqubo zabo zolawulo lwaqanjwa ngamaFrentshi emva kokuba befumene isigunyaziso sasemva kwemfazwe sokulawula iLevant. Imvukelo yasemva kweMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala yaseIraq ngokuchasene nolawulo lwaseBritane ngokuyinxenye yaphenjelelwa kukucekiswa kwesiBhengezo saseBalfour.
Ngobugwenxa, ndiye ndangena kwithala leencwadi likatata wam ongasekhoyo leencwadi zakudala zembali- yena weMfazwe eNkulu, iDabi leSithathu laseSomme, ngo-1918 - ndafumana uWinston Churchill, enomsindo nosizi, ebhala “ngokubulawa kwabantu” kwama-Armenia (eneneni yena. wasebenzisa elo gama) kodwa akazange akwazi ukubona ikamva lehlabathi lama-Arabhu nakwimiqulu yakhe emine Umlo omkhulu ngowe-1935. Ekuphela kokukhululwa kwakhe kubukhosi obutshayayo bangaphambili beOttoman kweza kwisihlomelo esinamaphepha amabini kwiphepha 1,647. Yayinesihloko esithi: “IMemorandam phezu kwePasifiki yoMbindi Mpuma”.
Ngokuphathelele amaPalestine avuka rhoqo kusasa namhlanje eluthulini nasekungcoleni kweenkampu zaseNahr el-Bared, Ein el-Helwe okanye Sabra kunye neChatila eLebhanon, ipeni likaBalfour likrwele ukutyikitya kwakhe kolu xwebhu lokuhluthwa komhlaba kungekhona kwi-1915, kodwa phezolo kuphela. Kwezi mbacu, zisekwiihovli zazo kunye namatyotyombe njengoko ufunda la mazwi, iMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala ayizange iphele - hayi nangoku, namhlanje, kwisikhumbuzo sekhulu "sokuphela" kweMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala.
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